Table 3 Open in new tab Questionnaires....

Questionnaires	MAD (n = 15)	Placebo (n = 15)	pgroup × time	Effect size
Epworth Sleepiness Scale	13.2 ± 7.8	12.1 ± 8.9	11 ± 12	7.2 ± 8.0	.3	2.45
Fatigue (MFIS)	51 ± 24.5	35.3 ± 35.6	51.8 ± 46.9	48 ± 34.9	.08	6.35
PSQI component 1	2.3 ± 1.7	2 ± 2	2 ± 2	2.2 ± 2.2	.4	0.1
PSQI component 2	2 ± 1.3	1.8 ± 1.1	1.8 ± 1.7	1.5 ± 1.4	.7	0.15
PSQI component 3	1.7 ± 1.4	1.9 ± 1.9	1.7 ± 1.5	1.6 ± 2	.4	0.15
PSQI component 4	1.8 ± 1.1	1.1 ± 0.7	1.7 ± 0.9	2.2 ± 3	.02*	0.55
PSQI component 5	2.1 ± 1.3	1.8 ± 1.6	1.8 ± 1.5	1.7 ± 1.4	.5	0.05
PSQI component 6	2.1 ± 1.4	1.6 ± 1.5	1.7 ± 1.7	1.8 ± 1.7	.1	0.1
PSQI component 7	1.8 ± 1.3	1.8 ± 1.6	1.7 ± 1.9	1.7 ± 2.7	.9	0.05
PSQI total	12.9 ± 8.4	9.5 ± 8.1	9.7 ± 10.5	10.3 ± 12	.03*	0.4
FOSQ general productivity	2.8 ± 2	3.2 ± 2	2.5 ± 2.6	3.1 ± 1.1	.6	0.05
FOSQ social outcome	3 ± 3.3	3.4 ± 3	2.5 ± 3.2	3.3 ± 2.6	.5	0.05
FOSQ activity level^a	2.5 ± 2	3 ± 1.7	2.4 ± 1.6	3.3 ± 1.4	.2	0.15
FOSQ vigilance	2.6 ± 2.2	2.9 ± 1.9	2.8 ± 2.2	3.4 ± 1.4	.6	0.25
FOSQ intimate relationships and sexual activity	2.8 ± 3.8	3.3 ± 3.2	1.9 ± 2.5	2.5 ± 2.7	.7	0.4
FOSQ total^a	13.3 ± 11.5	15.8 ± 10.2	12.1 ± 10.5	15.5 ± 7.7	.6	0.15
Beck Anxiety Inventory	16.9 ± 24.8	10.7 ± 17	22.5 ± 33.4	20.3 ± 26.6	.1	4.8
Beck Depression Inventory	21.6 ± 18.6	10.8 ± 10.9	16.2 ± 21.5	14.4 ± 18.3	<.01*	1.8

Questionnaires

MAD (n = 15)

Placebo (n = 15)

pgroup × time

Effect size

Baseline mean ± SD

1.5-year mean ± SD

Baseline mean ± SD

1.5-year mean ± SD

(d)

Epworth Sleepiness Scale

13.2 ± 7.8

12.1 ± 8.9

11 ± 12

7.2 ± 8.0

2.45

Fatigue (MFIS)

51 ± 24.5

35.3 ± 35.6

51.8 ± 46.9

48 ± 34.9

.08

6.35

PSQI component 1

2.3 ± 1.7

2 ± 2

2.2 ± 2.2

0.1

PSQI component 2

2 ± 1.3

1.8 ± 1.1

1.8 ± 1.7

1.5 ± 1.4

0.15

PSQI component 3

1.7 ± 1.4

1.9 ± 1.9

1.7 ± 1.5

1.6 ± 2

0.15

PSQI component 4

1.8 ± 1.1

1.1 ± 0.7

1.7 ± 0.9

2.2 ± 3

.02*

0.55

PSQI component 5

2.1 ± 1.3

1.8 ± 1.6

1.8 ± 1.5

1.7 ± 1.4

0.05

PSQI component 6

2.1 ± 1.4

1.6 ± 1.5

1.7 ± 1.7

1.8 ± 1.7

0.1

PSQI component 7

1.8 ± 1.3

1.8 ± 1.6

1.7 ± 1.9

1.7 ± 2.7

0.05

PSQI total

12.9 ± 8.4

9.5 ± 8.1

9.7 ± 10.5

10.3 ± 12

.03*

0.4

FOSQ general productivity

2.8 ± 2

3.2 ± 2

2.5 ± 2.6

3.1 ± 1.1

0.05

FOSQ social outcome

3 ± 3.3

3.4 ± 3

2.5 ± 3.2

3.3 ± 2.6

0.05

FOSQ activity level^a

2.5 ± 2

3 ± 1.7

2.4 ± 1.6

3.3 ± 1.4

0.15

FOSQ vigilance

2.6 ± 2.2

2.9 ± 1.9

2.8 ± 2.2

3.4 ± 1.4

0.25

FOSQ intimate relationships and sexual activity

2.8 ± 3.8

3.3 ± 3.2

1.9 ± 2.5

2.5 ± 2.7

0.4

FOSQ total^a

13.3 ± 11.5

15.8 ± 10.2

12.1 ± 10.5

15.5 ± 7.7

0.15

Beck Anxiety Inventory

16.9 ± 24.8

10.7 ± 17

22.5 ± 33.4

20.3 ± 26.6

4.8

Beck Depression Inventory

21.6 ± 18.6

10.8 ± 10.9

16.2 ± 21.5

14.4 ± 18.3

<.01*

1.8

Questionnaires	MAD (n = 15)	Placebo (n = 15)	pgroup × time	Effect size
Epworth Sleepiness Scale	13.2 ± 7.8	12.1 ± 8.9	11 ± 12	7.2 ± 8.0	.3	2.45
Fatigue (MFIS)	51 ± 24.5	35.3 ± 35.6	51.8 ± 46.9	48 ± 34.9	.08	6.35
PSQI component 1	2.3 ± 1.7	2 ± 2	2 ± 2	2.2 ± 2.2	.4	0.1
PSQI component 2	2 ± 1.3	1.8 ± 1.1	1.8 ± 1.7	1.5 ± 1.4	.7	0.15
PSQI component 3	1.7 ± 1.4	1.9 ± 1.9	1.7 ± 1.5	1.6 ± 2	.4	0.15
PSQI component 4	1.8 ± 1.1	1.1 ± 0.7	1.7 ± 0.9	2.2 ± 3	.02*	0.55
PSQI component 5	2.1 ± 1.3	1.8 ± 1.6	1.8 ± 1.5	1.7 ± 1.4	.5	0.05
PSQI component 6	2.1 ± 1.4	1.6 ± 1.5	1.7 ± 1.7	1.8 ± 1.7	.1	0.1
PSQI component 7	1.8 ± 1.3	1.8 ± 1.6	1.7 ± 1.9	1.7 ± 2.7	.9	0.05
PSQI total	12.9 ± 8.4	9.5 ± 8.1	9.7 ± 10.5	10.3 ± 12	.03*	0.4
FOSQ general productivity	2.8 ± 2	3.2 ± 2	2.5 ± 2.6	3.1 ± 1.1	.6	0.05
FOSQ social outcome	3 ± 3.3	3.4 ± 3	2.5 ± 3.2	3.3 ± 2.6	.5	0.05
FOSQ activity level^a	2.5 ± 2	3 ± 1.7	2.4 ± 1.6	3.3 ± 1.4	.2	0.15
FOSQ vigilance	2.6 ± 2.2	2.9 ± 1.9	2.8 ± 2.2	3.4 ± 1.4	.6	0.25
FOSQ intimate relationships and sexual activity	2.8 ± 3.8	3.3 ± 3.2	1.9 ± 2.5	2.5 ± 2.7	.7	0.4
FOSQ total^a	13.3 ± 11.5	15.8 ± 10.2	12.1 ± 10.5	15.5 ± 7.7	.6	0.15
Beck Anxiety Inventory	16.9 ± 24.8	10.7 ± 17	22.5 ± 33.4	20.3 ± 26.6	.1	4.8
Beck Depression Inventory	21.6 ± 18.6	10.8 ± 10.9	16.2 ± 21.5	14.4 ± 18.3	<.01*	1.8

Table 3

Open in new tab

Questionnaires.

Questionnaires	MAD (n = 15)		Placebo (n = 15)		pgroup × time	Effect size
Questionnaires	Baseline mean ± SD	1.5-year mean ± SD	Baseline mean ± SD	1.5-year mean ± SD	pgroup × time	(d)
Epworth Sleepiness Scale	13.2 ± 7.8	12.1 ± 8.9	11 ± 12	7.2 ± 8.0	.3	2.45
Fatigue (MFIS)	51 ± 24.5	35.3 ± 35.6	51.8 ± 46.9	48 ± 34.9	.08	6.35
PSQI component 1	2.3 ± 1.7	2 ± 2	2 ± 2	2.2 ± 2.2	.4	0.1
PSQI component 2	2 ± 1.3	1.8 ± 1.1	1.8 ± 1.7	1.5 ± 1.4	.7	0.15
PSQI component 3	1.7 ± 1.4	1.9 ± 1.9	1.7 ± 1.5	1.6 ± 2	.4	0.15
PSQI component 4	1.8 ± 1.1	1.1 ± 0.7	1.7 ± 0.9	2.2 ± 3	.02*	0.55
PSQI component 5	2.1 ± 1.3	1.8 ± 1.6	1.8 ± 1.5	1.7 ± 1.4	.5	0.05
PSQI component 6	2.1 ± 1.4	1.6 ± 1.5	1.7 ± 1.7	1.8 ± 1.7	.1	0.1
PSQI component 7	1.8 ± 1.3	1.8 ± 1.6	1.7 ± 1.9	1.7 ± 2.7	.9	0.05
PSQI total	12.9 ± 8.4	9.5 ± 8.1	9.7 ± 10.5	10.3 ± 12	.03*	0.4
FOSQ general productivity	2.8 ± 2	3.2 ± 2	2.5 ± 2.6	3.1 ± 1.1	.6	0.05
FOSQ social outcome	3 ± 3.3	3.4 ± 3	2.5 ± 3.2	3.3 ± 2.6	.5	0.05
FOSQ activity level^a	2.5 ± 2	3 ± 1.7	2.4 ± 1.6	3.3 ± 1.4	.2	0.15
FOSQ vigilance	2.6 ± 2.2	2.9 ± 1.9	2.8 ± 2.2	3.4 ± 1.4	.6	0.25
FOSQ intimate relationships and sexual activity	2.8 ± 3.8	3.3 ± 3.2	1.9 ± 2.5	2.5 ± 2.7	.7	0.4
FOSQ total^a	13.3 ± 11.5	15.8 ± 10.2	12.1 ± 10.5	15.5 ± 7.7	.6	0.15
Beck Anxiety Inventory	16.9 ± 24.8	10.7 ± 17	22.5 ± 33.4	20.3 ± 26.6	.1	4.8
Beck Depression Inventory	21.6 ± 18.6	10.8 ± 10.9	16.2 ± 21.5	14.4 ± 18.3	<.01*	1.8

Questionnaires	MAD (n = 15)		Placebo (n = 15)		pgroup × time	Effect size
Questionnaires	Baseline mean ± SD	1.5-year mean ± SD	Baseline mean ± SD	1.5-year mean ± SD	pgroup × time	(d)
Epworth Sleepiness Scale	13.2 ± 7.8	12.1 ± 8.9	11 ± 12	7.2 ± 8.0	.3	2.45
Fatigue (MFIS)	51 ± 24.5	35.3 ± 35.6	51.8 ± 46.9	48 ± 34.9	.08	6.35
PSQI component 1	2.3 ± 1.7	2 ± 2	2 ± 2	2.2 ± 2.2	.4	0.1
PSQI component 2	2 ± 1.3	1.8 ± 1.1	1.8 ± 1.7	1.5 ± 1.4	.7	0.15
PSQI component 3	1.7 ± 1.4	1.9 ± 1.9	1.7 ± 1.5	1.6 ± 2	.4	0.15
PSQI component 4	1.8 ± 1.1	1.1 ± 0.7	1.7 ± 0.9	2.2 ± 3	.02*	0.55
PSQI component 5	2.1 ± 1.3	1.8 ± 1.6	1.8 ± 1.5	1.7 ± 1.4	.5	0.05
PSQI component 6	2.1 ± 1.4	1.6 ± 1.5	1.7 ± 1.7	1.8 ± 1.7	.1	0.1
PSQI component 7	1.8 ± 1.3	1.8 ± 1.6	1.7 ± 1.9	1.7 ± 2.7	.9	0.05
PSQI total	12.9 ± 8.4	9.5 ± 8.1	9.7 ± 10.5	10.3 ± 12	.03*	0.4
FOSQ general productivity	2.8 ± 2	3.2 ± 2	2.5 ± 2.6	3.1 ± 1.1	.6	0.05
FOSQ social outcome	3 ± 3.3	3.4 ± 3	2.5 ± 3.2	3.3 ± 2.6	.5	0.05
FOSQ activity level^a	2.5 ± 2	3 ± 1.7	2.4 ± 1.6	3.3 ± 1.4	.2	0.15
FOSQ vigilance	2.6 ± 2.2	2.9 ± 1.9	2.8 ± 2.2	3.4 ± 1.4	.6	0.25
FOSQ intimate relationships and sexual activity	2.8 ± 3.8	3.3 ± 3.2	1.9 ± 2.5	2.5 ± 2.7	.7	0.4
FOSQ total^a	13.3 ± 11.5	15.8 ± 10.2	12.1 ± 10.5	15.5 ± 7.7	.6	0.15
Beck Anxiety Inventory	16.9 ± 24.8	10.7 ± 17	22.5 ± 33.4	20.3 ± 26.6	.1	4.8
Beck Depression Inventory	21.6 ± 18.6	10.8 ± 10.9	16.2 ± 21.5	14.4 ± 18.3	<.01*	1.8

MAD = mandibular advancement device; MFIS = Modified Fatigue Impact Scale; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; FOSQ = Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire.

Data represented by mean ± standard deviation.

Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) (time, group, interaction time × group), covariates: delta BMI (1.5-year treatment-baseline).

Effect size: Cohen’s d.

*p ≤ .05 interaction group (placebo and UARS) and time (baseline and after 1.5-year treatment).

^ap ≤ .05 between time independently of group.

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