Trade Reduction Index, all covered agricultural productsa, 19 African focus countries, 1961 to 2004
| . | (percent) . | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | 1961–64 . | 1965–69 . | 1970–74 . | 1975–79 . | 1980–84 . | 1985–89 . | 1990–94 . | 1995–99 . | 2000–04 . |
| Africa | 24 | 22 | 20 | 21 | 15 | 24 | 14 | 9 | 10 |
| Benin | na | na | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Burkina Faso | na | na | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Cameroon | 2 | 5 | 6 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Chad | na | na | 12 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 13 | 13 | 24 | 27 | 19 | 17 | 12 | 15 | 22 |
| Ethiopia | na | na | na | na | 14 | 16 | 19 | 11 | 9 |
| Ghana | 6 | 11 | 10 | 22 | 20 | 15 | 7 | 3 | 7 |
| Kenya | −16 | −19 | −4 | 12 | 21 | 19 | −7 | 9 | 11 |
| Madagascar | 20 | 15 | −13 | 6 | −1 | 17 | 3 | 3 | 8 |
| Mali | na | na | 4 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 0 |
| Mozambique | na | na | na | 27 | −6 | −14 | 1 | 6 | 24 |
| Nigeria | 39 | 38 | 31 | 18 | 11 | 19 | 7 | 8 | 1 |
| Senegal | 14 | 10 | 30 | 36 | 28 | 25 | 26 | 7 | 12 |
| Sudan | 29 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 22 | 56 | 40 | 17 | 31 |
| Tanzania | na | na | na | 16 | 18 | 34 | 30 | 16 | 17 |
| Togo | na | na | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| Uganda | 2 | 4 | 8 | 14 | 9 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Zambia | 21 | 1 | 1 | 36 | −11 | −45 | −27 | −7 | 29 |
| Zimbabwe | 33 | 38 | 43 | 51 | 29 | 37 | 19 | 10 | 12 |
| . | (percent) . | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | 1961–64 . | 1965–69 . | 1970–74 . | 1975–79 . | 1980–84 . | 1985–89 . | 1990–94 . | 1995–99 . | 2000–04 . |
| Africa | 24 | 22 | 20 | 21 | 15 | 24 | 14 | 9 | 10 |
| Benin | na | na | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Burkina Faso | na | na | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Cameroon | 2 | 5 | 6 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Chad | na | na | 12 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 13 | 13 | 24 | 27 | 19 | 17 | 12 | 15 | 22 |
| Ethiopia | na | na | na | na | 14 | 16 | 19 | 11 | 9 |
| Ghana | 6 | 11 | 10 | 22 | 20 | 15 | 7 | 3 | 7 |
| Kenya | −16 | −19 | −4 | 12 | 21 | 19 | −7 | 9 | 11 |
| Madagascar | 20 | 15 | −13 | 6 | −1 | 17 | 3 | 3 | 8 |
| Mali | na | na | 4 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 0 |
| Mozambique | na | na | na | 27 | −6 | −14 | 1 | 6 | 24 |
| Nigeria | 39 | 38 | 31 | 18 | 11 | 19 | 7 | 8 | 1 |
| Senegal | 14 | 10 | 30 | 36 | 28 | 25 | 26 | 7 | 12 |
| Sudan | 29 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 22 | 56 | 40 | 17 | 31 |
| Tanzania | na | na | na | 16 | 18 | 34 | 30 | 16 | 17 |
| Togo | na | na | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| Uganda | 2 | 4 | 8 | 14 | 9 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Zambia | 21 | 1 | 1 | 36 | −11 | −45 | −27 | −7 | 29 |
| Zimbabwe | 33 | 38 | 43 | 51 | 29 | 37 | 19 | 10 | 12 |
Source:Anderson and Croser (2009) based on NRA and CTE data in Anderson and Valenzuela (2008).
a. Includes all import-competing, exportable and nontradable products, with nontradable sectors assumed to have a zero level of distortion on the volume of trade.
Trade Reduction Index, all covered agricultural productsa, 19 African focus countries, 1961 to 2004
| . | (percent) . | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | 1961–64 . | 1965–69 . | 1970–74 . | 1975–79 . | 1980–84 . | 1985–89 . | 1990–94 . | 1995–99 . | 2000–04 . |
| Africa | 24 | 22 | 20 | 21 | 15 | 24 | 14 | 9 | 10 |
| Benin | na | na | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Burkina Faso | na | na | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Cameroon | 2 | 5 | 6 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Chad | na | na | 12 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 13 | 13 | 24 | 27 | 19 | 17 | 12 | 15 | 22 |
| Ethiopia | na | na | na | na | 14 | 16 | 19 | 11 | 9 |
| Ghana | 6 | 11 | 10 | 22 | 20 | 15 | 7 | 3 | 7 |
| Kenya | −16 | −19 | −4 | 12 | 21 | 19 | −7 | 9 | 11 |
| Madagascar | 20 | 15 | −13 | 6 | −1 | 17 | 3 | 3 | 8 |
| Mali | na | na | 4 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 0 |
| Mozambique | na | na | na | 27 | −6 | −14 | 1 | 6 | 24 |
| Nigeria | 39 | 38 | 31 | 18 | 11 | 19 | 7 | 8 | 1 |
| Senegal | 14 | 10 | 30 | 36 | 28 | 25 | 26 | 7 | 12 |
| Sudan | 29 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 22 | 56 | 40 | 17 | 31 |
| Tanzania | na | na | na | 16 | 18 | 34 | 30 | 16 | 17 |
| Togo | na | na | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| Uganda | 2 | 4 | 8 | 14 | 9 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Zambia | 21 | 1 | 1 | 36 | −11 | −45 | −27 | −7 | 29 |
| Zimbabwe | 33 | 38 | 43 | 51 | 29 | 37 | 19 | 10 | 12 |
| . | (percent) . | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | 1961–64 . | 1965–69 . | 1970–74 . | 1975–79 . | 1980–84 . | 1985–89 . | 1990–94 . | 1995–99 . | 2000–04 . |
| Africa | 24 | 22 | 20 | 21 | 15 | 24 | 14 | 9 | 10 |
| Benin | na | na | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Burkina Faso | na | na | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Cameroon | 2 | 5 | 6 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Chad | na | na | 12 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 13 | 13 | 24 | 27 | 19 | 17 | 12 | 15 | 22 |
| Ethiopia | na | na | na | na | 14 | 16 | 19 | 11 | 9 |
| Ghana | 6 | 11 | 10 | 22 | 20 | 15 | 7 | 3 | 7 |
| Kenya | −16 | −19 | −4 | 12 | 21 | 19 | −7 | 9 | 11 |
| Madagascar | 20 | 15 | −13 | 6 | −1 | 17 | 3 | 3 | 8 |
| Mali | na | na | 4 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 0 |
| Mozambique | na | na | na | 27 | −6 | −14 | 1 | 6 | 24 |
| Nigeria | 39 | 38 | 31 | 18 | 11 | 19 | 7 | 8 | 1 |
| Senegal | 14 | 10 | 30 | 36 | 28 | 25 | 26 | 7 | 12 |
| Sudan | 29 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 22 | 56 | 40 | 17 | 31 |
| Tanzania | na | na | na | 16 | 18 | 34 | 30 | 16 | 17 |
| Togo | na | na | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| Uganda | 2 | 4 | 8 | 14 | 9 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Zambia | 21 | 1 | 1 | 36 | −11 | −45 | −27 | −7 | 29 |
| Zimbabwe | 33 | 38 | 43 | 51 | 29 | 37 | 19 | 10 | 12 |
Source:Anderson and Croser (2009) based on NRA and CTE data in Anderson and Valenzuela (2008).
a. Includes all import-competing, exportable and nontradable products, with nontradable sectors assumed to have a zero level of distortion on the volume of trade.
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