T able 4. Open in new tab Impacts on...

	Communication vs Control Blocks	Inspector vs Control Blocks
Administrative data measures of formalizing after interventions began
Definite match for SIMPLES	1346	0.007	0.00618	−0.00300	5186	0.006	0.00390	−0.00144
			(0.00662)	(0.00446)			(0.00443)	(0.00229)
Definite or probable match for SIMPLES	1346	0.015	0.00177	−0.00706	5186	0.014	0.00421	0.00102
			(0.00773)	(0.00761)			(0.00586)	(0.00384)
Definite match for MEI	1346	0.060	−0.0349***	−0.0155	5186	0.026	0.00313	−0.00557
			(0.0131)	(0.0139)			(0.00826)	(0.00469)
Definite or probable match for MEI	1346	0.067	−0.0370***	−0.0143	5186	0.033	0.0138	−0.00339
			(0.0142)	(0.0161)			(0.0106)	(0.00561)
Definite match for ALF	1346	0.030	0.00311	0.000227	5186	0.032	0.0218**	−0.00540
			(0.0113)	(0.0117)			(0.0110)	(0.00535)
Definite or probable match for ALF	1346	0.041	−0.000335	−0.00597	5186	0.041	0.0327***	0.00206
			(0.0125)	(0.0125)			(0.0124)	(0.00653)
Definitely obtained any type of formal status	1346	0.083	−0.0281*	−0.0120	5186	0.056	0.0245*	−0.0100
			(0.0159)	(0.0174)			(0.130)	(0.0068)
Definitely or most likely obtained any type of formal status	1346	0.104	−0.0350*	−0.0182	5186	0.075	0.0392***	−0.0034
			(0.0183)	(0.0209)			(0.0149)	(0.0083)

Communication vs Control Blocks

Inspector vs Control Blocks

Inspector

Indirectly

Sample

Control

Free Cost

Communication

Sample

Control

Assigned

Inspected

Size

Mean

Difference

Size

Mean

Difference

Administrative data measures of formalizing after interventions began

Definite match for SIMPLES

1346

0.007

0.00618

−0.00300

5186

0.006

0.00390

−0.00144

(0.00662)

(0.00446)

(0.00443)

(0.00229)

Definite or probable match for SIMPLES

1346

0.015

0.00177

−0.00706

5186

0.014

0.00421

0.00102

(0.00773)

(0.00761)

(0.00586)

(0.00384)

Definite match for MEI

1346

0.060

−0.0349***

−0.0155

5186

0.026

0.00313

−0.00557

(0.0131)

(0.0139)

(0.00826)

(0.00469)

Definite or probable match for MEI

1346

0.067

−0.0370***

−0.0143

5186

0.033

0.0138

−0.00339

(0.0142)

(0.0161)

(0.0106)

(0.00561)

Definite match for ALF

1346

0.030

0.00311

0.000227

5186

0.032

0.0218**

−0.00540

(0.0113)

(0.0117)

(0.0110)

(0.00535)

Definite or probable match for ALF

1346

0.041

−0.000335

−0.00597

5186

0.041

0.0327***

0.00206

(0.0125)

(0.0124)

(0.00653)

Definitely obtained any type of formal status

1346

0.083

−0.0281*

−0.0120

5186

0.056

0.0245*

−0.0100

(0.0159)

(0.0174)

(0.130)

(0.0068)

Definitely or most likely obtained any type of formal status

1346

0.104

−0.0350*

−0.0182

5186

0.075

0.0392***

−0.0034

(0.0183)

(0.0209)

(0.0149)

(0.0083)

	Communication vs Control Blocks	Inspector vs Control Blocks
Administrative data measures of formalizing after interventions began
Definite match for SIMPLES	1346	0.007	0.00618	−0.00300	5186	0.006	0.00390	−0.00144
			(0.00662)	(0.00446)			(0.00443)	(0.00229)
Definite or probable match for SIMPLES	1346	0.015	0.00177	−0.00706	5186	0.014	0.00421	0.00102
			(0.00773)	(0.00761)			(0.00586)	(0.00384)
Definite match for MEI	1346	0.060	−0.0349***	−0.0155	5186	0.026	0.00313	−0.00557
			(0.0131)	(0.0139)			(0.00826)	(0.00469)
Definite or probable match for MEI	1346	0.067	−0.0370***	−0.0143	5186	0.033	0.0138	−0.00339
			(0.0142)	(0.0161)			(0.0106)	(0.00561)
Definite match for ALF	1346	0.030	0.00311	0.000227	5186	0.032	0.0218**	−0.00540
			(0.0113)	(0.0117)			(0.0110)	(0.00535)
Definite or probable match for ALF	1346	0.041	−0.000335	−0.00597	5186	0.041	0.0327***	0.00206
			(0.0125)	(0.0125)			(0.0124)	(0.00653)
Definitely obtained any type of formal status	1346	0.083	−0.0281*	−0.0120	5186	0.056	0.0245*	−0.0100
			(0.0159)	(0.0174)			(0.130)	(0.0068)
Definitely or most likely obtained any type of formal status	1346	0.104	−0.0350*	−0.0182	5186	0.075	0.0392***	−0.0034
			(0.0183)	(0.0209)			(0.0149)	(0.0083)

Table 4.

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Impacts on Formality

	Communication vs Control Blocks				Inspector vs Control Blocks
							Inspector	Indirectly
	Sample	Control	Free Cost	Communication	Sample	Control	Assigned	Inspected
	Size	Mean	Difference	Difference	Size	Mean	Difference	Difference
Administrative data measures of formalizing after interventions began
Definite match for SIMPLES	1346	0.007	0.00618	−0.00300	5186	0.006	0.00390	−0.00144
			(0.00662)	(0.00446)			(0.00443)	(0.00229)
Definite or probable match for SIMPLES	1346	0.015	0.00177	−0.00706	5186	0.014	0.00421	0.00102
			(0.00773)	(0.00761)			(0.00586)	(0.00384)
Definite match for MEI	1346	0.060	−0.0349***	−0.0155	5186	0.026	0.00313	−0.00557
			(0.0131)	(0.0139)			(0.00826)	(0.00469)
Definite or probable match for MEI	1346	0.067	−0.0370***	−0.0143	5186	0.033	0.0138	−0.00339
			(0.0142)	(0.0161)			(0.0106)	(0.00561)
Definite match for ALF	1346	0.030	0.00311	0.000227	5186	0.032	0.0218**	−0.00540
			(0.0113)	(0.0117)			(0.0110)	(0.00535)
Definite or probable match for ALF	1346	0.041	−0.000335	−0.00597	5186	0.041	0.0327***	0.00206
			(0.0125)	(0.0125)			(0.0124)	(0.00653)
Definitely obtained any type of formal status	1346	0.083	−0.0281*	−0.0120	5186	0.056	0.0245*	−0.0100
			(0.0159)	(0.0174)			(0.130)	(0.0068)
Definitely or most likely obtained any type of formal status	1346	0.104	−0.0350*	−0.0182	5186	0.075	0.0392***	−0.0034
			(0.0183)	(0.0209)			(0.0149)	(0.0083)

	Communication vs Control Blocks				Inspector vs Control Blocks
							Inspector	Indirectly
	Sample	Control	Free Cost	Communication	Sample	Control	Assigned	Inspected
	Size	Mean	Difference	Difference	Size	Mean	Difference	Difference
Administrative data measures of formalizing after interventions began
Definite match for SIMPLES	1346	0.007	0.00618	−0.00300	5186	0.006	0.00390	−0.00144
			(0.00662)	(0.00446)			(0.00443)	(0.00229)
Definite or probable match for SIMPLES	1346	0.015	0.00177	−0.00706	5186	0.014	0.00421	0.00102
			(0.00773)	(0.00761)			(0.00586)	(0.00384)
Definite match for MEI	1346	0.060	−0.0349***	−0.0155	5186	0.026	0.00313	−0.00557
			(0.0131)	(0.0139)			(0.00826)	(0.00469)
Definite or probable match for MEI	1346	0.067	−0.0370***	−0.0143	5186	0.033	0.0138	−0.00339
			(0.0142)	(0.0161)			(0.0106)	(0.00561)
Definite match for ALF	1346	0.030	0.00311	0.000227	5186	0.032	0.0218**	−0.00540
			(0.0113)	(0.0117)			(0.0110)	(0.00535)
Definite or probable match for ALF	1346	0.041	−0.000335	−0.00597	5186	0.041	0.0327***	0.00206
			(0.0125)	(0.0125)			(0.0124)	(0.00653)
Definitely obtained any type of formal status	1346	0.083	−0.0281*	−0.0120	5186	0.056	0.0245*	−0.0100
			(0.0159)	(0.0174)			(0.130)	(0.0068)
Definitely or most likely obtained any type of formal status	1346	0.104	−0.0350*	−0.0182	5186	0.075	0.0392***	−0.0034
			(0.0183)	(0.0209)			(0.0149)	(0.0083)

Notes: Standard errors in parentheses, clustered at the block level. *, **, and *** indicate significantly different from control mean at the 10, 5, and 1 percent levels, respectively, after controlling for randomization strata. Sampling weights are used for the Inspector vs Control blocks comparisons.

Source: Authors’ analysis based on data described in text.

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