Reported cases of treated neopulmonary valve regurgitation are sporadic and usually embedded in large series of late results from ASOs [141, 340]. An increasing number of such cases are anticipated as the ASO population gets older. Indications for neopulmonary valve surgery probably replicate those for any long-standing pulmonary-valve regurgitation affecting right ventricular function [341]. Surgical pulmonary valvuloplasty is attempted with increasing frequency [141]. However, pulmonary valve replacement still is often required with a preference for biological prostheses to allow later transcatheter implantation of other prostheses [342, 343], although some concern has been raised about potential coronary compression [344].

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Recommendations for reoperations for late neopulmonary valve regurgitation

^aClass of recommendation.

^bLevel of evidence.

^cReferences.

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Recommendations for reoperations for late neopulmonary valve regurgitation

^aClass of recommendation.

^bLevel of evidence.

^cReferences.