Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants stratified according to the ALCC
| . | Total (N = 162) . | ALCC-L* (N = 54) . | ALCC-M† (N = 54) . | ALCC-H‡ (N = 54) . | Statistics . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p . | Post hoc§ . | |||||
| Age (years, mean ± SD)|| | 72.25 (6.73) | 72.59 (7.24) | 70.83 (5.40) | 73.33 (7.25) | 0.140 | - |
| Men, no. (%)¶ | 85 (52.47) | 17 (31.48) | 27 (50.00) | 41 (75.93) | <0.001 | - |
| Education (years, mean ± SD)|| | 11.33 (5.07) | 9.56 (4.93) | 11.52 (5.00) | 12.93 (4.78) | 0.002 | 1 < 3 |
| BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)|| | 24.11 (2.67) | 23.68 (2.52) | 23.93 (2.79) | 24.73 (2.65) | 0.102 | - |
| Age at onset of coffee consumption (years, mean ± SD)|| | 37.00 (16.64) | 56.47 (15.90) | 34.39 (13.04) | 27.35 (8.02) | <0.001 | 3 < 2 < 1 |
| Age at end of coffee consumption (years, mean ± SD)|| | 72.22 (9.65) | 73.83 (10.93) | 66.90 (10.29) | 76.00 (5.97) | 0.005 | 2 < 3 |
| DLCC (years, mean ± SD)|| | 29.53 (19.30) | 8.33 (11.32) | 34.44 (12.17) | 45.81 (10.11) | <0.001 | 1 < 2 < 3 |
| ADCC (cups/day, mean ± SD)|| | 1.67 (1.52) | 0.64 (0.71) | 1.30 (0.59) | 3.06 (1.72) | <0.001 | 1 < 2 < 3 |
| Current ADCC (cups/day, mean ± SD)|| | 1.44 (1.39) | 0.64 (0.77) | 1.29 (0.88) | 2.40 (1.39) | <0.001 | 1 < 2 < 3 |
| ALAC (standard unit-years, mean ± SD)|| | 27.35 (52.47) | 24.39 (66.91) | 25.89 (38.51) | 31.75 (48.71) | 0.764 | - |
| ALS (pack-years, mean ± SD)|| | 11.74 (19.82) | 5.21 (12.99) | 8.73 (15.53) | 21.28 (25.27) | <0.001 | 1, 2 < 3 |
| CIRS (points, mean ± SD)|| | 5.21 (2.81) | 5.15 (2.90) | 5.09 (2.72) | 5.39 (2.86) | 0.846 | - |
| PSQI (points, mean ± SD)|| | 6.03 (2.92) | 6.70 (2.97) | 4.94 (2.80) | 6.44 (2.72) | 0.003 | 2 < 1, 3 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale (points, mean ± SD)|| | 7.03 (5.05) | 7.54 (5.29) | 7.28 (5.41) | 6.28 (4.40) | 0.394 | - |
| Mini-Mental State Examination (points, mean ± SD)|| | 27.15 (2.33) | 26.52 (2.77) | 27.46 (2.04) | 27.42 (1.99) | 0.058 | - |
| VPP (mm3, mean ± SD)|| | 83.61 (26.85) | 90.46 (31.09) | 90.37 (22.75) | 70.00 (20.56) | <0.001 | 3 < 1, 2 |
| VPG (mm3, mean ± SD)|| | 90.10 (29.26) | 94.91 (33.64) | 96.69 (25.61) | 78.22 (24.79) | 0.002 | 3 < 1, 2 |
| logVPP (mean ± SD)|| | 4.38 (0.32) | 4.45 (0.33) | 4.47 (0.26) | 4.20 (0.31) | <0.001 | 3 < 1, 2 |
| Log-transformed VPG (mean ± SD)|| | 4.45 (0.33) | 4.49 (0.35) | 4.53 (0.28) | 4.31 (0.33) | 0.001 | 3 < 1, 2 |
| . | Total (N = 162) . | ALCC-L* (N = 54) . | ALCC-M† (N = 54) . | ALCC-H‡ (N = 54) . | Statistics . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p . | Post hoc§ . | |||||
| Age (years, mean ± SD)|| | 72.25 (6.73) | 72.59 (7.24) | 70.83 (5.40) | 73.33 (7.25) | 0.140 | - |
| Men, no. (%)¶ | 85 (52.47) | 17 (31.48) | 27 (50.00) | 41 (75.93) | <0.001 | - |
| Education (years, mean ± SD)|| | 11.33 (5.07) | 9.56 (4.93) | 11.52 (5.00) | 12.93 (4.78) | 0.002 | 1 < 3 |
| BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)|| | 24.11 (2.67) | 23.68 (2.52) | 23.93 (2.79) | 24.73 (2.65) | 0.102 | - |
| Age at onset of coffee consumption (years, mean ± SD)|| | 37.00 (16.64) | 56.47 (15.90) | 34.39 (13.04) | 27.35 (8.02) | <0.001 | 3 < 2 < 1 |
| Age at end of coffee consumption (years, mean ± SD)|| | 72.22 (9.65) | 73.83 (10.93) | 66.90 (10.29) | 76.00 (5.97) | 0.005 | 2 < 3 |
| DLCC (years, mean ± SD)|| | 29.53 (19.30) | 8.33 (11.32) | 34.44 (12.17) | 45.81 (10.11) | <0.001 | 1 < 2 < 3 |
| ADCC (cups/day, mean ± SD)|| | 1.67 (1.52) | 0.64 (0.71) | 1.30 (0.59) | 3.06 (1.72) | <0.001 | 1 < 2 < 3 |
| Current ADCC (cups/day, mean ± SD)|| | 1.44 (1.39) | 0.64 (0.77) | 1.29 (0.88) | 2.40 (1.39) | <0.001 | 1 < 2 < 3 |
| ALAC (standard unit-years, mean ± SD)|| | 27.35 (52.47) | 24.39 (66.91) | 25.89 (38.51) | 31.75 (48.71) | 0.764 | - |
| ALS (pack-years, mean ± SD)|| | 11.74 (19.82) | 5.21 (12.99) | 8.73 (15.53) | 21.28 (25.27) | <0.001 | 1, 2 < 3 |
| CIRS (points, mean ± SD)|| | 5.21 (2.81) | 5.15 (2.90) | 5.09 (2.72) | 5.39 (2.86) | 0.846 | - |
| PSQI (points, mean ± SD)|| | 6.03 (2.92) | 6.70 (2.97) | 4.94 (2.80) | 6.44 (2.72) | 0.003 | 2 < 1, 3 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale (points, mean ± SD)|| | 7.03 (5.05) | 7.54 (5.29) | 7.28 (5.41) | 6.28 (4.40) | 0.394 | - |
| Mini-Mental State Examination (points, mean ± SD)|| | 27.15 (2.33) | 26.52 (2.77) | 27.46 (2.04) | 27.42 (1.99) | 0.058 | - |
| VPP (mm3, mean ± SD)|| | 83.61 (26.85) | 90.46 (31.09) | 90.37 (22.75) | 70.00 (20.56) | <0.001 | 3 < 1, 2 |
| VPG (mm3, mean ± SD)|| | 90.10 (29.26) | 94.91 (33.64) | 96.69 (25.61) | 78.22 (24.79) | 0.002 | 3 < 1, 2 |
| logVPP (mean ± SD)|| | 4.38 (0.32) | 4.45 (0.33) | 4.47 (0.26) | 4.20 (0.31) | <0.001 | 3 < 1, 2 |
| Log-transformed VPG (mean ± SD)|| | 4.45 (0.33) | 4.49 (0.35) | 4.53 (0.28) | 4.31 (0.33) | 0.001 | 3 < 1, 2 |
*ALCC-L, low ALCC tertile group.
†ALCC-M, middle ALCC tertile group.
‡ALCC-H, high ALCC tertile group.
§Bonferroni post hoc comparisons.
||One-way analysis of variance.
¶Chi-square test.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants stratified according to the ALCC
| . | Total (N = 162) . | ALCC-L* (N = 54) . | ALCC-M† (N = 54) . | ALCC-H‡ (N = 54) . | Statistics . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p . | Post hoc§ . | |||||
| Age (years, mean ± SD)|| | 72.25 (6.73) | 72.59 (7.24) | 70.83 (5.40) | 73.33 (7.25) | 0.140 | - |
| Men, no. (%)¶ | 85 (52.47) | 17 (31.48) | 27 (50.00) | 41 (75.93) | <0.001 | - |
| Education (years, mean ± SD)|| | 11.33 (5.07) | 9.56 (4.93) | 11.52 (5.00) | 12.93 (4.78) | 0.002 | 1 < 3 |
| BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)|| | 24.11 (2.67) | 23.68 (2.52) | 23.93 (2.79) | 24.73 (2.65) | 0.102 | - |
| Age at onset of coffee consumption (years, mean ± SD)|| | 37.00 (16.64) | 56.47 (15.90) | 34.39 (13.04) | 27.35 (8.02) | <0.001 | 3 < 2 < 1 |
| Age at end of coffee consumption (years, mean ± SD)|| | 72.22 (9.65) | 73.83 (10.93) | 66.90 (10.29) | 76.00 (5.97) | 0.005 | 2 < 3 |
| DLCC (years, mean ± SD)|| | 29.53 (19.30) | 8.33 (11.32) | 34.44 (12.17) | 45.81 (10.11) | <0.001 | 1 < 2 < 3 |
| ADCC (cups/day, mean ± SD)|| | 1.67 (1.52) | 0.64 (0.71) | 1.30 (0.59) | 3.06 (1.72) | <0.001 | 1 < 2 < 3 |
| Current ADCC (cups/day, mean ± SD)|| | 1.44 (1.39) | 0.64 (0.77) | 1.29 (0.88) | 2.40 (1.39) | <0.001 | 1 < 2 < 3 |
| ALAC (standard unit-years, mean ± SD)|| | 27.35 (52.47) | 24.39 (66.91) | 25.89 (38.51) | 31.75 (48.71) | 0.764 | - |
| ALS (pack-years, mean ± SD)|| | 11.74 (19.82) | 5.21 (12.99) | 8.73 (15.53) | 21.28 (25.27) | <0.001 | 1, 2 < 3 |
| CIRS (points, mean ± SD)|| | 5.21 (2.81) | 5.15 (2.90) | 5.09 (2.72) | 5.39 (2.86) | 0.846 | - |
| PSQI (points, mean ± SD)|| | 6.03 (2.92) | 6.70 (2.97) | 4.94 (2.80) | 6.44 (2.72) | 0.003 | 2 < 1, 3 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale (points, mean ± SD)|| | 7.03 (5.05) | 7.54 (5.29) | 7.28 (5.41) | 6.28 (4.40) | 0.394 | - |
| Mini-Mental State Examination (points, mean ± SD)|| | 27.15 (2.33) | 26.52 (2.77) | 27.46 (2.04) | 27.42 (1.99) | 0.058 | - |
| VPP (mm3, mean ± SD)|| | 83.61 (26.85) | 90.46 (31.09) | 90.37 (22.75) | 70.00 (20.56) | <0.001 | 3 < 1, 2 |
| VPG (mm3, mean ± SD)|| | 90.10 (29.26) | 94.91 (33.64) | 96.69 (25.61) | 78.22 (24.79) | 0.002 | 3 < 1, 2 |
| logVPP (mean ± SD)|| | 4.38 (0.32) | 4.45 (0.33) | 4.47 (0.26) | 4.20 (0.31) | <0.001 | 3 < 1, 2 |
| Log-transformed VPG (mean ± SD)|| | 4.45 (0.33) | 4.49 (0.35) | 4.53 (0.28) | 4.31 (0.33) | 0.001 | 3 < 1, 2 |
| . | Total (N = 162) . | ALCC-L* (N = 54) . | ALCC-M† (N = 54) . | ALCC-H‡ (N = 54) . | Statistics . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p . | Post hoc§ . | |||||
| Age (years, mean ± SD)|| | 72.25 (6.73) | 72.59 (7.24) | 70.83 (5.40) | 73.33 (7.25) | 0.140 | - |
| Men, no. (%)¶ | 85 (52.47) | 17 (31.48) | 27 (50.00) | 41 (75.93) | <0.001 | - |
| Education (years, mean ± SD)|| | 11.33 (5.07) | 9.56 (4.93) | 11.52 (5.00) | 12.93 (4.78) | 0.002 | 1 < 3 |
| BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)|| | 24.11 (2.67) | 23.68 (2.52) | 23.93 (2.79) | 24.73 (2.65) | 0.102 | - |
| Age at onset of coffee consumption (years, mean ± SD)|| | 37.00 (16.64) | 56.47 (15.90) | 34.39 (13.04) | 27.35 (8.02) | <0.001 | 3 < 2 < 1 |
| Age at end of coffee consumption (years, mean ± SD)|| | 72.22 (9.65) | 73.83 (10.93) | 66.90 (10.29) | 76.00 (5.97) | 0.005 | 2 < 3 |
| DLCC (years, mean ± SD)|| | 29.53 (19.30) | 8.33 (11.32) | 34.44 (12.17) | 45.81 (10.11) | <0.001 | 1 < 2 < 3 |
| ADCC (cups/day, mean ± SD)|| | 1.67 (1.52) | 0.64 (0.71) | 1.30 (0.59) | 3.06 (1.72) | <0.001 | 1 < 2 < 3 |
| Current ADCC (cups/day, mean ± SD)|| | 1.44 (1.39) | 0.64 (0.77) | 1.29 (0.88) | 2.40 (1.39) | <0.001 | 1 < 2 < 3 |
| ALAC (standard unit-years, mean ± SD)|| | 27.35 (52.47) | 24.39 (66.91) | 25.89 (38.51) | 31.75 (48.71) | 0.764 | - |
| ALS (pack-years, mean ± SD)|| | 11.74 (19.82) | 5.21 (12.99) | 8.73 (15.53) | 21.28 (25.27) | <0.001 | 1, 2 < 3 |
| CIRS (points, mean ± SD)|| | 5.21 (2.81) | 5.15 (2.90) | 5.09 (2.72) | 5.39 (2.86) | 0.846 | - |
| PSQI (points, mean ± SD)|| | 6.03 (2.92) | 6.70 (2.97) | 4.94 (2.80) | 6.44 (2.72) | 0.003 | 2 < 1, 3 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale (points, mean ± SD)|| | 7.03 (5.05) | 7.54 (5.29) | 7.28 (5.41) | 6.28 (4.40) | 0.394 | - |
| Mini-Mental State Examination (points, mean ± SD)|| | 27.15 (2.33) | 26.52 (2.77) | 27.46 (2.04) | 27.42 (1.99) | 0.058 | - |
| VPP (mm3, mean ± SD)|| | 83.61 (26.85) | 90.46 (31.09) | 90.37 (22.75) | 70.00 (20.56) | <0.001 | 3 < 1, 2 |
| VPG (mm3, mean ± SD)|| | 90.10 (29.26) | 94.91 (33.64) | 96.69 (25.61) | 78.22 (24.79) | 0.002 | 3 < 1, 2 |
| logVPP (mean ± SD)|| | 4.38 (0.32) | 4.45 (0.33) | 4.47 (0.26) | 4.20 (0.31) | <0.001 | 3 < 1, 2 |
| Log-transformed VPG (mean ± SD)|| | 4.45 (0.33) | 4.49 (0.35) | 4.53 (0.28) | 4.31 (0.33) | 0.001 | 3 < 1, 2 |
*ALCC-L, low ALCC tertile group.
†ALCC-M, middle ALCC tertile group.
‡ALCC-H, high ALCC tertile group.
§Bonferroni post hoc comparisons.
||One-way analysis of variance.
¶Chi-square test.
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