Learning benefits (LEABEN) (7-point Likert scale)
From participating in the VSC, your firm:

  • Can understand the direction of the standard setting in advance (LEABEN01).

  •     Can accumulate standard related expertise (LEABEN02).

  •     Can become industry leaders in Web-based supply chain application and cooperation (LEABEN03).

  •     Can reduce costs of standard adoption by participating in the VSCa (LEABEN04).

Social capital benefits (SOCBEN) (7-point Likert Scale)
From participation in the VSC, your firm:

  • Can learn from other VSC participants (SOCBEN01).

  •     Expects to establish partnerships with other VSC members (SOCBEN02).

  •     Expects to improve market access through other VSC participants (SOCBEN03).

Consortium governance effectiveness (GOVERN) (7-point Likert Scale)
The goals and objectives of this VSC are clear and well understood (GOVERN01).
This VSC is neutral and independent with respect to all firms participating in the consortia (GOVERN02).
The standard development process in this VSC is open (GOVERN03).
This VSC disseminates information accurately and responsively (GOVERN04).
The rules and procedures of this VSC are clear and fair (GOVERN05).
This VSC has a strong and effective leadership (GOVERN06).
This VSC provides sound intellectual property rights policies and protection (GOVERN07).
This VSC promotes trust and compatibility among members (GOVERN08).
Relational risk (RELRIS) (7-point Likert Scale)
Your firm has conflicting interests with some other participants (RELRIS01).
Your firm is worried about information leakage (RELRIS02).
Your firm may face increased market competition in the industry, since VSC members share information and learn from each other in the consortium. (RELRIS03).
Firm technical capability (CAPABI) (7-point Likert Scale)
Your firm has employees who understand technical details of the standards (CAPABI01).
Your firm has experience in developing IT standards (CAPABI02).
Your firm has gained experience from working in other standards consortia (CAPABI03).
Standard benefit (STANBE) (7-point Likert Scale)
The standards can improve customer satisfaction (STANBE01).
The standards can improve your firm’s relationship with your trading partners (STANBE02).
To keep your firm’s competitive advantage in the market, it is important for your firm to understand the standards proposed by the VSC (STANBE 03).
Adopting the standards can bring potential business opportunities to your firm (STANBE 04).
The standard development is critical to the industry in which this VSC is working (STANBE 05).
The standards are beneficial to the entire community (STANBE 06)
Firm size
Firm’s annual sale ($)
Consortium size
The number of members in the consortium
Other consortium participation (Yes; No)
Has your firm participated in other standard consortia addition to the focal one surveyed here?
Tenure
Years of Participation in the Consortium/Years Since the Consortium’s Inception
Learning benefits (LEABEN) (7-point Likert scale)
From participating in the VSC, your firm:

  • Can understand the direction of the standard setting in advance (LEABEN01).

  •     Can accumulate standard related expertise (LEABEN02).

  •     Can become industry leaders in Web-based supply chain application and cooperation (LEABEN03).

  •     Can reduce costs of standard adoption by participating in the VSCa (LEABEN04).

Social capital benefits (SOCBEN) (7-point Likert Scale)
From participation in the VSC, your firm:

  • Can learn from other VSC participants (SOCBEN01).

  •     Expects to establish partnerships with other VSC members (SOCBEN02).

  •     Expects to improve market access through other VSC participants (SOCBEN03).

Consortium governance effectiveness (GOVERN) (7-point Likert Scale)
The goals and objectives of this VSC are clear and well understood (GOVERN01).
This VSC is neutral and independent with respect to all firms participating in the consortia (GOVERN02).
The standard development process in this VSC is open (GOVERN03).
This VSC disseminates information accurately and responsively (GOVERN04).
The rules and procedures of this VSC are clear and fair (GOVERN05).
This VSC has a strong and effective leadership (GOVERN06).
This VSC provides sound intellectual property rights policies and protection (GOVERN07).
This VSC promotes trust and compatibility among members (GOVERN08).
Relational risk (RELRIS) (7-point Likert Scale)
Your firm has conflicting interests with some other participants (RELRIS01).
Your firm is worried about information leakage (RELRIS02).
Your firm may face increased market competition in the industry, since VSC members share information and learn from each other in the consortium. (RELRIS03).
Firm technical capability (CAPABI) (7-point Likert Scale)
Your firm has employees who understand technical details of the standards (CAPABI01).
Your firm has experience in developing IT standards (CAPABI02).
Your firm has gained experience from working in other standards consortia (CAPABI03).
Standard benefit (STANBE) (7-point Likert Scale)
The standards can improve customer satisfaction (STANBE01).
The standards can improve your firm’s relationship with your trading partners (STANBE02).
To keep your firm’s competitive advantage in the market, it is important for your firm to understand the standards proposed by the VSC (STANBE 03).
Adopting the standards can bring potential business opportunities to your firm (STANBE 04).
The standard development is critical to the industry in which this VSC is working (STANBE 05).
The standards are beneficial to the entire community (STANBE 06)
Firm size
Firm’s annual sale ($)
Consortium size
The number of members in the consortium
Other consortium participation (Yes; No)
Has your firm participated in other standard consortia addition to the focal one surveyed here?
Tenure
Years of Participation in the Consortium/Years Since the Consortium’s Inception

aVSC stands for Vertical Standard Consortium, an industry term for a consortium that develops industry-wide information sharing standards.

Learning benefits (LEABEN) (7-point Likert scale)
From participating in the VSC, your firm:

  • Can understand the direction of the standard setting in advance (LEABEN01).

  •     Can accumulate standard related expertise (LEABEN02).

  •     Can become industry leaders in Web-based supply chain application and cooperation (LEABEN03).

  •     Can reduce costs of standard adoption by participating in the VSCa (LEABEN04).

Social capital benefits (SOCBEN) (7-point Likert Scale)
From participation in the VSC, your firm:

  • Can learn from other VSC participants (SOCBEN01).

  •     Expects to establish partnerships with other VSC members (SOCBEN02).

  •     Expects to improve market access through other VSC participants (SOCBEN03).

Consortium governance effectiveness (GOVERN) (7-point Likert Scale)
The goals and objectives of this VSC are clear and well understood (GOVERN01).
This VSC is neutral and independent with respect to all firms participating in the consortia (GOVERN02).
The standard development process in this VSC is open (GOVERN03).
This VSC disseminates information accurately and responsively (GOVERN04).
The rules and procedures of this VSC are clear and fair (GOVERN05).
This VSC has a strong and effective leadership (GOVERN06).
This VSC provides sound intellectual property rights policies and protection (GOVERN07).
This VSC promotes trust and compatibility among members (GOVERN08).
Relational risk (RELRIS) (7-point Likert Scale)
Your firm has conflicting interests with some other participants (RELRIS01).
Your firm is worried about information leakage (RELRIS02).
Your firm may face increased market competition in the industry, since VSC members share information and learn from each other in the consortium. (RELRIS03).
Firm technical capability (CAPABI) (7-point Likert Scale)
Your firm has employees who understand technical details of the standards (CAPABI01).
Your firm has experience in developing IT standards (CAPABI02).
Your firm has gained experience from working in other standards consortia (CAPABI03).
Standard benefit (STANBE) (7-point Likert Scale)
The standards can improve customer satisfaction (STANBE01).
The standards can improve your firm’s relationship with your trading partners (STANBE02).
To keep your firm’s competitive advantage in the market, it is important for your firm to understand the standards proposed by the VSC (STANBE 03).
Adopting the standards can bring potential business opportunities to your firm (STANBE 04).
The standard development is critical to the industry in which this VSC is working (STANBE 05).
The standards are beneficial to the entire community (STANBE 06)
Firm size
Firm’s annual sale ($)
Consortium size
The number of members in the consortium
Other consortium participation (Yes; No)
Has your firm participated in other standard consortia addition to the focal one surveyed here?
Tenure
Years of Participation in the Consortium/Years Since the Consortium’s Inception
Learning benefits (LEABEN) (7-point Likert scale)
From participating in the VSC, your firm:

  • Can understand the direction of the standard setting in advance (LEABEN01).

  •     Can accumulate standard related expertise (LEABEN02).

  •     Can become industry leaders in Web-based supply chain application and cooperation (LEABEN03).

  •     Can reduce costs of standard adoption by participating in the VSCa (LEABEN04).

Social capital benefits (SOCBEN) (7-point Likert Scale)
From participation in the VSC, your firm:

  • Can learn from other VSC participants (SOCBEN01).

  •     Expects to establish partnerships with other VSC members (SOCBEN02).

  •     Expects to improve market access through other VSC participants (SOCBEN03).

Consortium governance effectiveness (GOVERN) (7-point Likert Scale)
The goals and objectives of this VSC are clear and well understood (GOVERN01).
This VSC is neutral and independent with respect to all firms participating in the consortia (GOVERN02).
The standard development process in this VSC is open (GOVERN03).
This VSC disseminates information accurately and responsively (GOVERN04).
The rules and procedures of this VSC are clear and fair (GOVERN05).
This VSC has a strong and effective leadership (GOVERN06).
This VSC provides sound intellectual property rights policies and protection (GOVERN07).
This VSC promotes trust and compatibility among members (GOVERN08).
Relational risk (RELRIS) (7-point Likert Scale)
Your firm has conflicting interests with some other participants (RELRIS01).
Your firm is worried about information leakage (RELRIS02).
Your firm may face increased market competition in the industry, since VSC members share information and learn from each other in the consortium. (RELRIS03).
Firm technical capability (CAPABI) (7-point Likert Scale)
Your firm has employees who understand technical details of the standards (CAPABI01).
Your firm has experience in developing IT standards (CAPABI02).
Your firm has gained experience from working in other standards consortia (CAPABI03).
Standard benefit (STANBE) (7-point Likert Scale)
The standards can improve customer satisfaction (STANBE01).
The standards can improve your firm’s relationship with your trading partners (STANBE02).
To keep your firm’s competitive advantage in the market, it is important for your firm to understand the standards proposed by the VSC (STANBE 03).
Adopting the standards can bring potential business opportunities to your firm (STANBE 04).
The standard development is critical to the industry in which this VSC is working (STANBE 05).
The standards are beneficial to the entire community (STANBE 06)
Firm size
Firm’s annual sale ($)
Consortium size
The number of members in the consortium
Other consortium participation (Yes; No)
Has your firm participated in other standard consortia addition to the focal one surveyed here?
Tenure
Years of Participation in the Consortium/Years Since the Consortium’s Inception

aVSC stands for Vertical Standard Consortium, an industry term for a consortium that develops industry-wide information sharing standards.

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