Table 2 Open in new tab Mean differences...

	< 6 h vs. ≥ 7 to 8.9 h (ref) HR (log (beats/min))	6 to 6.9 h vs. ≥ 7 to 8.9 h (ref) HR (log (beats/min))
Baseline
Model 1	0.0364	0.001, 0.072**	0.0193	−0.015, 0.053
Model 2	0.0349	−0.002, 0.072*	0.0142	−0.020, 0.049
Model 3	0.0422	0.004, 0.081**	0.0140	−0.022, 0.050
Model 4	0.0460	0.006, 0.086**	0.0142	−0.022, 0.050
Reactivity to Mental Stress^a
Model 1	0.0118	0.001, 0.023**	0.0075	−0.003, 0.018
Model 2	0.0133	0.002, 0.025**	0.0088	−0.002, 0.019
Model 3	0.0112	−0.001, 0.023*	0.0097	−0.001, 0.021
Model 4	0.0101	−0.003, 0.023	0.0096	−0.001, 0.021
Recovery from Mental Stress^b
Model 1	−0.0015	−0.013, 0.010	−0.0034	−0.014, 0.007
Model 2	−0.0031	−0.014, 0.008	−0.0041	−0.015, 0.006
Model 3	−0.0009	−0.013, 0.011	−0.0035	−0.015, 0.008
Model 4	0.0010	−0.012, 0.014	−0.0034	−0.014, 0.008
Reactivity to Orthostatic Stress^c
Model 1	0.0076	−0.002, 0.017	−0.0002	−0.009, 0.009
Model 2	0.0090	−0.0004, 0.018*	0.0013	−0.008, 0.010
Model 3	0.0115	0.002, 0.021**	0.0019	−0.007, 0.011
Model 4	0.0126	0.002, 0.023**	0.0019	−0.007, 0.011

< 6 h vs. ≥ 7 to 8.9 h (ref) HR (log (beats/min))

6 to 6.9 h vs. ≥ 7 to 8.9 h (ref) HR (log (beats/min))

Mean Differences

95% CI

Mean Differences

95% CI

Baseline

Model 1

0.0364

0.001, 0.072**

0.0193

−0.015, 0.053

Model 2

0.0349

−0.002, 0.072*

0.0142

−0.020, 0.049

Model 3

0.0422

0.004, 0.081**

0.0140

−0.022, 0.050

Model 4

0.0460

0.006, 0.086**

0.0142

−0.022, 0.050

Reactivity to Mental Stress^a

Model 1

0.0118

0.001, 0.023**

0.0075

−0.003, 0.018

Model 2

0.0133

0.002, 0.025**

0.0088

−0.002, 0.019

Model 3

0.0112

−0.001, 0.023*

0.0097

−0.001, 0.021

Model 4

0.0101

−0.003, 0.023

0.0096

−0.001, 0.021

Recovery from Mental Stress^b

Model 1

−0.0015

−0.013, 0.010

−0.0034

−0.014, 0.007

Model 2

−0.0031

−0.014, 0.008

−0.0041

−0.015, 0.006

Model 3

−0.0009

−0.013, 0.011

−0.0035

−0.015, 0.008

Model 4

0.0010

−0.012, 0.014

−0.0034

−0.014, 0.008

Reactivity to Orthostatic Stress^c

Model 1

0.0076

−0.002, 0.017

−0.0002

−0.009, 0.009

Model 2

0.0090

−0.0004, 0.018*

0.0013

−0.008, 0.010

Model 3

0.0115

0.002, 0.021**

0.0019

−0.007, 0.011

Model 4

0.0126

0.002, 0.023**

0.0019

−0.007, 0.011

	< 6 h vs. ≥ 7 to 8.9 h (ref) HR (log (beats/min))	6 to 6.9 h vs. ≥ 7 to 8.9 h (ref) HR (log (beats/min))
Baseline
Model 1	0.0364	0.001, 0.072**	0.0193	−0.015, 0.053
Model 2	0.0349	−0.002, 0.072*	0.0142	−0.020, 0.049
Model 3	0.0422	0.004, 0.081**	0.0140	−0.022, 0.050
Model 4	0.0460	0.006, 0.086**	0.0142	−0.022, 0.050
Reactivity to Mental Stress^a
Model 1	0.0118	0.001, 0.023**	0.0075	−0.003, 0.018
Model 2	0.0133	0.002, 0.025**	0.0088	−0.002, 0.019
Model 3	0.0112	−0.001, 0.023*	0.0097	−0.001, 0.021
Model 4	0.0101	−0.003, 0.023	0.0096	−0.001, 0.021
Recovery from Mental Stress^b
Model 1	−0.0015	−0.013, 0.010	−0.0034	−0.014, 0.007
Model 2	−0.0031	−0.014, 0.008	−0.0041	−0.015, 0.006
Model 3	−0.0009	−0.013, 0.011	−0.0035	−0.015, 0.008
Model 4	0.0010	−0.012, 0.014	−0.0034	−0.014, 0.008
Reactivity to Orthostatic Stress^c
Model 1	0.0076	−0.002, 0.017	−0.0002	−0.009, 0.009
Model 2	0.0090	−0.0004, 0.018*	0.0013	−0.008, 0.010
Model 3	0.0115	0.002, 0.021**	0.0019	−0.007, 0.011
Model 4	0.0126	0.002, 0.023**	0.0019	−0.007, 0.011

Table 2

Open in new tab

Mean differences in log-transformed heart rate at baseline and mean differences in responses to stress challenge by sleep duration at less than 6 hours (173 participants) and 6 to 6.9 hours (185 participants) versus 7 to 8.9 hours or more (169 participants).

	< 6 h vs. ≥ 7 to 8.9 h (ref) HR (log (beats/min))		6 to 6.9 h vs. ≥ 7 to 8.9 h (ref) HR (log (beats/min))
	Mean Differences	95% CI	Mean Differences	95% CI
Baseline
Model 1	0.0364	0.001, 0.072**	0.0193	−0.015, 0.053
Model 2	0.0349	−0.002, 0.072*	0.0142	−0.020, 0.049
Model 3	0.0422	0.004, 0.081**	0.0140	−0.022, 0.050
Model 4	0.0460	0.006, 0.086**	0.0142	−0.022, 0.050
Reactivity to Mental Stress^a
Model 1	0.0118	0.001, 0.023**	0.0075	−0.003, 0.018
Model 2	0.0133	0.002, 0.025**	0.0088	−0.002, 0.019
Model 3	0.0112	−0.001, 0.023*	0.0097	−0.001, 0.021
Model 4	0.0101	−0.003, 0.023	0.0096	−0.001, 0.021
Recovery from Mental Stress^b
Model 1	−0.0015	−0.013, 0.010	−0.0034	−0.014, 0.007
Model 2	−0.0031	−0.014, 0.008	−0.0041	−0.015, 0.006
Model 3	−0.0009	−0.013, 0.011	−0.0035	−0.015, 0.008
Model 4	0.0010	−0.012, 0.014	−0.0034	−0.014, 0.008
Reactivity to Orthostatic Stress^c
Model 1	0.0076	−0.002, 0.017	−0.0002	−0.009, 0.009
Model 2	0.0090	−0.0004, 0.018*	0.0013	−0.008, 0.010
Model 3	0.0115	0.002, 0.021**	0.0019	−0.007, 0.011
Model 4	0.0126	0.002, 0.023**	0.0019	−0.007, 0.011

	< 6 h vs. ≥ 7 to 8.9 h (ref) HR (log (beats/min))		6 to 6.9 h vs. ≥ 7 to 8.9 h (ref) HR (log (beats/min))
	Mean Differences	95% CI	Mean Differences	95% CI
Baseline
Model 1	0.0364	0.001, 0.072**	0.0193	−0.015, 0.053
Model 2	0.0349	−0.002, 0.072*	0.0142	−0.020, 0.049
Model 3	0.0422	0.004, 0.081**	0.0140	−0.022, 0.050
Model 4	0.0460	0.006, 0.086**	0.0142	−0.022, 0.050
Reactivity to Mental Stress^a
Model 1	0.0118	0.001, 0.023**	0.0075	−0.003, 0.018
Model 2	0.0133	0.002, 0.025**	0.0088	−0.002, 0.019
Model 3	0.0112	−0.001, 0.023*	0.0097	−0.001, 0.021
Model 4	0.0101	−0.003, 0.023	0.0096	−0.001, 0.021
Recovery from Mental Stress^b
Model 1	−0.0015	−0.013, 0.010	−0.0034	−0.014, 0.007
Model 2	−0.0031	−0.014, 0.008	−0.0041	−0.015, 0.006
Model 3	−0.0009	−0.013, 0.011	−0.0035	−0.015, 0.008
Model 4	0.0010	−0.012, 0.014	−0.0034	−0.014, 0.008
Reactivity to Orthostatic Stress^c
Model 1	0.0076	−0.002, 0.017	−0.0002	−0.009, 0.009
Model 2	0.0090	−0.0004, 0.018*	0.0013	−0.008, 0.010
Model 3	0.0115	0.002, 0.021**	0.0019	−0.007, 0.011
Model 4	0.0126	0.002, 0.023**	0.0019	−0.007, 0.011

n = 3,450 observations. A more positive coefficient for the reactivity associated with shorter sleep duration means a greater increase in HR response to the stressor (greater reactivity); a more negative coefficient for recovery associated with shorter sleep duration means a greater HR recovery from the stressor.

p < 0.05.

p < 0.1

Reactivity to mental stress by sleep duration = HR at mental stress - HR at baseline.

Recovery from mental stress by sleep duration = HR at recovery - HR at mental stress.

Reactivity to orthostatic stress by sleep duration = HR at orthostatic stress - HR at baseline. Model 1 = age, sex, race/ethnicity, income-wealth index. Model 2 = model 1 plus body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, medications (antihypertensive, antidepressants, sympathomimetic medications and medication for sleep and mood), diabetes and sleep efficiency. Model 3 = model 2 plus sleep apnea. Model 4 = model 3 plus naps (h/day). CI, confidence interval; HR, heart rate.

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only