Table 6.3.1 Open in new tab The clinical... | Oxford Academic

Table 6.3.1

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The clinical features of neuroendocrine tumours

Site	Clinical features	Cell type	MEN 1
Pancreatic
Insulinoma	Hypoglycaemia, Whipple’s triad, clammy, sweating, weight gain	β-islet cell	5–10%
VIPoma	Werner–Morrison syndrome, watery diarrhoea	VIP	10%
Glucagonoma	Diabetes mellitus, necrolytic migratory erythyema		5–10%
Somatostatinoma	Gallstones, diabetes mellitus, steatorrhoea	D cells	5–10%
Gastrinoma	Zollinger—Ellison syndrome	G cells	25%
Nonfunctional	Symptoms related to mass effect
Bronchial	Majority nonfunctional, 8% carcinoid syndrome, atypical flushing
Midgut^a	Majority nonfunctional, 40% develop carcinoid syndrome
Hindgut^a	Usually nonfunctional, however tumours may secrete somatostatin, other peptide, and occasionally carcinoid syndrome may occur

Site	Clinical features	Cell type	MEN 1
Pancreatic
Insulinoma	Hypoglycaemia, Whipple’s triad, clammy, sweating, weight gain	β-islet cell	5–10%
VIPoma	Werner–Morrison syndrome, watery diarrhoea	VIP	10%
Glucagonoma	Diabetes mellitus, necrolytic migratory erythyema		5–10%
Somatostatinoma	Gallstones, diabetes mellitus, steatorrhoea	D cells	5–10%
Gastrinoma	Zollinger—Ellison syndrome	G cells	25%
Nonfunctional	Symptoms related to mass effect
Bronchial	Majority nonfunctional, 8% carcinoid syndrome, atypical flushing
Midgut^a	Majority nonfunctional, 40% develop carcinoid syndrome
Hindgut^a	Usually nonfunctional, however tumours may secrete somatostatin, other peptide, and occasionally carcinoid syndrome may occur

^a

Midgut tumours arise from the jejunum to caecum and hindgut encompasses tumours from the ascending colon to rectum.