Gestational diabetes

Significantly higher chance of developing gestational diabetes. Odds ratio 2.94 (95% CI 1.70 to 5.08)

Pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia

Significantly higher chance of developing pregnancy induced hypertension. Odds ratio 3.67 (95% CI 1.98 to 6.8)

High risk of developing pre-eclampsia. Odds ratio 3.47 (95% CI 1.95 to 6.17)

Lengths of gestation and premature delivery rate

Significantly higher chance of delivering prematurely. Odds ratio 1.75 (95% CI 1.16 to 2.62)

Birthweight, macrosomia, and SGA

No significant difference in birthweight, macrosomia, and SGA neonates

Admission to neonatal intensive care (NICU), neonatal malformations and peri-natal mortality

Significantly higher rate of admission to NICU. Odds ratio 2.31 (95% CI 1.25 to 4.26)

No evidence for increased neonatal malformations although the study numbers were small

Significantly increased perinatal mortality. Odds ratio 3.07 (95% CI 1.03 to 9.2)