Table 8.2.2.3 Open in new tab Risk... | Oxford Academic

Table 8.2.2.3

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Risk factors for preterm birth

Non-modifiable risk factors
◆ Prior preterm birth ◆ African-American race ◆ Age <18 years or >40 years ◆ Poor nutrition ◆ Low prepregnancy weight ◆ Low socioeconomic status ◆ Absent prenatal care	◆ Cervical injury or anomaly ◆ Uterine anomaly or fibroid ◆ Excessive uterine activity ◆ Premature cervical dilatation (>2 cm) or effacement (>80%) ◆ Over-distended uterus (twins, polyhydramnios) ◆ Vaginal bleeding

Non-modifiable risk factors
◆ Prior preterm birth ◆ African-American race ◆ Age <18 years or >40 years ◆ Poor nutrition ◆ Low prepregnancy weight ◆ Low socioeconomic status ◆ Absent prenatal care	◆ Cervical injury or anomaly ◆ Uterine anomaly or fibroid ◆ Excessive uterine activity ◆ Premature cervical dilatation (>2 cm) or effacement (>80%) ◆ Over-distended uterus (twins, polyhydramnios) ◆ Vaginal bleeding

Potentially modifiable risk factors
◆ Cigarette smoking ◆ Illicit drug use ◆ Anaemia ◆ Bacteriuria/urinary tract infection ◆ Gingival disease ◆ Strenuous work/work environment	◆ Lower genital tract infections (including bacterial vaginosis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Chlamydia trachomatis, group B streptococcus, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Trichomonas vaginalis) ◆ High personal stress

Potentially modifiable risk factors
◆ Cigarette smoking ◆ Illicit drug use ◆ Anaemia ◆ Bacteriuria/urinary tract infection ◆ Gingival disease ◆ Strenuous work/work environment	◆ Lower genital tract infections (including bacterial vaginosis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Chlamydia trachomatis, group B streptococcus, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Trichomonas vaginalis) ◆ High personal stress