Table 2. Open in new tab Regression...

	Ln total cost/farm	Ln cost of crop damage/farm
Wild boar/hunting license	2.166***		2.357***
(0.645)		(0.736)
Wild boar/1,000 ha		0.303**		0.336**
	(0.134)		(0.149)
Potato and beet share	0.029	−6.193	0.729	−6.193
(2.319)	(5.178)	(2.902)	(5.178)
Grain share	−2.409***	−2.675***	−3.993***	−4.309***
(0.387)	(0.449)	(0.676)	(0.643)
Land area (log)	0.196	0.245	0.001	0.057
(0.265)	(0.319)	(0.295)	(0.312)
Share of rented land	0.318*	0.299	0.309*	0.288
(0.174)	(0.306)	(0.182)	(0.264)
Blocks (log)	0.455*	0.918***	0.774***	1.297***
(0.256)	(0.322)	(0.285)	(0.307)
Protection index	12.100	−5.160	15.839	−3.346
(14.812)	(28.648)	(17.393)	(28.141)
Feeding index	24.154	29.919	19.455	25.677
(16.746)	(25.264)	(19.744)	(26.293)
Constant	−8.603***	−10.144***	−9.027***	−10.780***
(1.929)	(3.179)	(2.388)	(3.305)
Observations	2,480	2,480	2,480	2,480
Wald test	330.475	540.312	186.870	453.158
p-value Wald test	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

Ln total cost/farm

Ln cost of crop damage/farm

Model 1^a

Model 2^b

Model 1^a

Model 2^b

Wild boar/hunting license

2.166***

2.357***

(0.645)

(0.736)

Wild boar/1,000 ha

0.303**

0.336**

(0.134)

(0.149)

Potato and beet share

0.029

−6.193

0.729

−6.193

(2.319)

(5.178)

(2.902)

(5.178)

Grain share

−2.409***

−2.675***

−3.993***

−4.309***

(0.387)

(0.449)

(0.676)

(0.643)

Land area (log)

0.196

0.245

0.001

0.057

(0.265)

(0.319)

(0.295)

(0.312)

Share of rented land

0.318*

0.299

0.309*

0.288

(0.174)

(0.306)

(0.182)

(0.264)

Blocks (log)

0.455*

0.918***

0.774***

1.297***

(0.256)

(0.322)

(0.285)

(0.307)

Protection index

12.100

−5.160

15.839

−3.346

(14.812)

(28.648)

(17.393)

(28.141)

Feeding index

24.154

29.919

19.455

25.677

(16.746)

(25.264)

(19.744)

(26.293)

Constant

−8.603***

−10.144***

−9.027***

−10.780***

(1.929)

(3.179)

(2.388)

(3.305)

Observations

2,480

Wald test

330.475

540.312

186.870

453.158

p-value Wald test

0.000

	Ln total cost/farm	Ln cost of crop damage/farm
Wild boar/hunting license	2.166***		2.357***
(0.645)		(0.736)
Wild boar/1,000 ha		0.303**		0.336**
	(0.134)		(0.149)
Potato and beet share	0.029	−6.193	0.729	−6.193
(2.319)	(5.178)	(2.902)	(5.178)
Grain share	−2.409***	−2.675***	−3.993***	−4.309***
(0.387)	(0.449)	(0.676)	(0.643)
Land area (log)	0.196	0.245	0.001	0.057
(0.265)	(0.319)	(0.295)	(0.312)
Share of rented land	0.318*	0.299	0.309*	0.288
(0.174)	(0.306)	(0.182)	(0.264)
Blocks (log)	0.455*	0.918***	0.774***	1.297***
(0.256)	(0.322)	(0.285)	(0.307)
Protection index	12.100	−5.160	15.839	−3.346
(14.812)	(28.648)	(17.393)	(28.141)
Feeding index	24.154	29.919	19.455	25.677
(16.746)	(25.264)	(19.744)	(26.293)
Constant	−8.603***	−10.144***	−9.027***	−10.780***
(1.929)	(3.179)	(2.388)	(3.305)
Observations	2,480	2,480	2,480	2,480
Wald test	330.475	540.312	186.870	453.158
p-value Wald test	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

Table 2.

Open in new tab

Regression results of IV-Tobit estimator of determinants of Ln total cost/farm and Ln cost of crop damage/farm of wild boars to farmers in regression models with different measurements of wild boar abundance, standard errors in parentheses

	Ln total cost/farm		Ln cost of crop damage/farm
	Model 1^a	Model 2^b	Model 1^a	Model 2^b
Wild boar/hunting license	2.166***		2.357***
Wild boar/hunting license	(0.645)		(0.736)
Wild boar/1,000 ha		0.303**		0.336**
Wild boar/1,000 ha		(0.134)		(0.149)
Potato and beet share	0.029	−6.193	0.729	−6.193
Potato and beet share	(2.319)	(5.178)	(2.902)	(5.178)
Grain share	−2.409***	−2.675***	−3.993***	−4.309***
Grain share	(0.387)	(0.449)	(0.676)	(0.643)
Land area (log)	0.196	0.245	0.001	0.057
Land area (log)	(0.265)	(0.319)	(0.295)	(0.312)
Share of rented land	0.318*	0.299	0.309*	0.288
Share of rented land	(0.174)	(0.306)	(0.182)	(0.264)
Blocks (log)	0.455*	0.918***	0.774***	1.297***
Blocks (log)	(0.256)	(0.322)	(0.285)	(0.307)
Protection index	12.100	−5.160	15.839	−3.346
Protection index	(14.812)	(28.648)	(17.393)	(28.141)
Feeding index	24.154	29.919	19.455	25.677
Feeding index	(16.746)	(25.264)	(19.744)	(26.293)
Constant	−8.603***	−10.144***	−9.027***	−10.780***
Constant	(1.929)	(3.179)	(2.388)	(3.305)
Observations	2,480	2,480	2,480	2,480
Wald test	330.475	540.312	186.870	453.158
p-value Wald test	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

	Ln total cost/farm		Ln cost of crop damage/farm
	Model 1^a	Model 2^b	Model 1^a	Model 2^b
Wild boar/hunting license	2.166***		2.357***
Wild boar/hunting license	(0.645)		(0.736)
Wild boar/1,000 ha		0.303**		0.336**
Wild boar/1,000 ha		(0.134)		(0.149)
Potato and beet share	0.029	−6.193	0.729	−6.193
Potato and beet share	(2.319)	(5.178)	(2.902)	(5.178)
Grain share	−2.409***	−2.675***	−3.993***	−4.309***
Grain share	(0.387)	(0.449)	(0.676)	(0.643)
Land area (log)	0.196	0.245	0.001	0.057
Land area (log)	(0.265)	(0.319)	(0.295)	(0.312)
Share of rented land	0.318*	0.299	0.309*	0.288
Share of rented land	(0.174)	(0.306)	(0.182)	(0.264)
Blocks (log)	0.455*	0.918***	0.774***	1.297***
Blocks (log)	(0.256)	(0.322)	(0.285)	(0.307)
Protection index	12.100	−5.160	15.839	−3.346
Protection index	(14.812)	(28.648)	(17.393)	(28.141)
Feeding index	24.154	29.919	19.455	25.677
Feeding index	(16.746)	(25.264)	(19.744)	(26.293)
Constant	−8.603***	−10.144***	−9.027***	−10.780***
Constant	(1.929)	(3.179)	(2.388)	(3.305)
Observations	2,480	2,480	2,480	2,480
Wald test	330.475	540.312	186.870	453.158
p-value Wald test	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

Notes: Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at county level. Statistical significance: *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.

^a In Model 1 wild boar/hunting license, Feeding Index and Protection Index are treated as endogenous. Results of the Wald test of confirm the validity of the instruments.

^bIn Model 2 Wild boar/1,000 ha, Feeding Index and Protection Index are treated as endogenous. Results of the Wald test of confirm the validity of the instruments.

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