Table 1. Open in new tab Measures of the...

	Whole sample	Sample with WTP ≥ 0
Panel A: Whole sample
Number of observations	788	534	254	512	345	167
Mean (in FCFA)	523	508	554	805	786	843
Median (in FCFA)	600	500	1000	1000	1000	1000
Std. Dev.	476	476	477	350	362	320
Panel B: < Median of household daily food expenditures per cap.
Number of observations	394	266	128	253	171	82
Mean (in FCFA)	508	495	535	791	769	836
Median (in FCFA)	500	500	1000	1000	1000	1000
Std. Dev.	478	475	484	363	374	336
Relative WTP^†	1.73	1.69	1.81	2.70	2.63	2.83
Panel C: ≥ Median of household daily food expenditures per cap.
Number of observations	394	268	126	259	174	85
Mean (in FCFA)	538	521	573	818	802	850
Median (in FCFA)	700	500	1000	1000	1000	1000
Std. Dev.	474	475	472	336	349	306
Relative WTP^a	0.87	0.87	0.87	1.33	1.34	1.29
Test difference in mean WTP - Panels B vs. C (p-Val)	0.38	0.40	0.77	0.37	0.52	0.52
Test difference in relative WTP - Panels B vs. C (p-Val)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Whole sample

Sample with WTP ≥ 0

All players

Women

Men

All players

Women

Men

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Panel A: Whole sample

Number of observations

788

534

254

512

345

167

Mean (in FCFA)

523

508

554

805

786

843

Median (in FCFA)

600

500

1000

Std. Dev.

476

477

350

362

320

Panel B: < Median of household daily food expenditures per cap.

Number of observations

394

266

128

253

171

Mean (in FCFA)

508

495

535

791

769

836

Median (in FCFA)

500

1000

Std. Dev.

478

475

484

363

374

336

Relative WTP^†

1.73

1.69

1.81

2.70

2.63

2.83

Panel C: ≥ Median of household daily food expenditures per cap.

Number of observations

394

268

126

259

174

Mean (in FCFA)

538

521

573

818

802

850

Median (in FCFA)

700

500

1000

Std. Dev.

474

475

472

336

349

306

Relative WTP^a

0.87

1.33

1.34

1.29

Test difference in mean WTP - Panels B vs. C (p-Val)

0.38

0.40

0.77

0.37

0.52

Test difference in relative WTP - Panels B vs. C (p-Val)

0.00

	Whole sample	Sample with WTP ≥ 0
Panel A: Whole sample
Number of observations	788	534	254	512	345	167
Mean (in FCFA)	523	508	554	805	786	843
Median (in FCFA)	600	500	1000	1000	1000	1000
Std. Dev.	476	476	477	350	362	320
Panel B: < Median of household daily food expenditures per cap.
Number of observations	394	266	128	253	171	82
Mean (in FCFA)	508	495	535	791	769	836
Median (in FCFA)	500	500	1000	1000	1000	1000
Std. Dev.	478	475	484	363	374	336
Relative WTP^†	1.73	1.69	1.81	2.70	2.63	2.83
Panel C: ≥ Median of household daily food expenditures per cap.
Number of observations	394	268	126	259	174	85
Mean (in FCFA)	538	521	573	818	802	850
Median (in FCFA)	700	500	1000	1000	1000	1000
Std. Dev.	474	475	472	336	349	306
Relative WTP^a	0.87	0.87	0.87	1.33	1.34	1.29
Test difference in mean WTP - Panels B vs. C (p-Val)	0.38	0.40	0.77	0.37	0.52	0.52
Test difference in relative WTP - Panels B vs. C (p-Val)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Measures of the Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) to Hide Income

	Whole sample			Sample with WTP ≥ 0
	All players	Women	Men	All players	Women	Men
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Panel A: Whole sample
Number of observations	788	534	254	512	345	167
Mean (in FCFA)	523	508	554	805	786	843
Median (in FCFA)	600	500	1000	1000	1000	1000
Std. Dev.	476	476	477	350	362	320
Panel B: < Median of household daily food expenditures per cap.
Number of observations	394	266	128	253	171	82
Mean (in FCFA)	508	495	535	791	769	836
Median (in FCFA)	500	500	1000	1000	1000	1000
Std. Dev.	478	475	484	363	374	336
Relative WTP^†	1.73	1.69	1.81	2.70	2.63	2.83
Panel C: ≥ Median of household daily food expenditures per cap.
Number of observations	394	268	126	259	174	85
Mean (in FCFA)	538	521	573	818	802	850
Median (in FCFA)	700	500	1000	1000	1000	1000
Std. Dev.	474	475	472	336	349	306
Relative WTP^a	0.87	0.87	0.87	1.33	1.34	1.29
Test difference in mean WTP - Panels B vs. C (p-Val)	0.38	0.40	0.77	0.37	0.52	0.52
Test difference in relative WTP - Panels B vs. C (p-Val)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

	Whole sample			Sample with WTP ≥ 0
	All players	Women	Men	All players	Women	Men
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Panel A: Whole sample
Number of observations	788	534	254	512	345	167
Mean (in FCFA)	523	508	554	805	786	843
Median (in FCFA)	600	500	1000	1000	1000	1000
Std. Dev.	476	476	477	350	362	320
Panel B: < Median of household daily food expenditures per cap.
Number of observations	394	266	128	253	171	82
Mean (in FCFA)	508	495	535	791	769	836
Median (in FCFA)	500	500	1000	1000	1000	1000
Std. Dev.	478	475	484	363	374	336
Relative WTP^†	1.73	1.69	1.81	2.70	2.63	2.83
Panel C: ≥ Median of household daily food expenditures per cap.
Number of observations	394	268	126	259	174	85
Mean (in FCFA)	538	521	573	818	802	850
Median (in FCFA)	700	500	1000	1000	1000	1000
Std. Dev.	474	475	472	336	349	306
Relative WTP^a	0.87	0.87	0.87	1.33	1.34	1.29
Test difference in mean WTP - Panels B vs. C (p-Val)	0.38	0.40	0.77	0.37	0.52	0.52
Test difference in relative WTP - Panels B vs. C (p-Val)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Source: Authors' own calculations, based on original data collection.

Note: Taking a conservative approach, the WTP statistics are computed at the lower bound of the WTP interval. For example, if a participant is ready to pay 200 FCFA but not 500 FCFA, her maximum WTP is registered as being equal to 200 FCFA. For individuals with a negative WTP, the value is fixed at 0. The median daily household food expenditure per capita is 420 FCFA.

1000 FCFA ≃ 1.5 EUR ≃ 1.7 USD.

^aRelative WTP corresponds to the ratio of the WTP to hide income to the household daily food expenditures per capita. The difference of the average WTP between men and women is not significant at standard levels in the whole sample, but is significant at the 10 percent level in the sample with WTP ≥ 0.

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