Table A1.5. Open in new tab Aggregated...

	GDP in PPP from the WDI	GDP in PPP from the Maddison database
GDP	−137.27***	−139.09***	−165.70***	−163.50***	−152.54***	−165.95***	−131.06***	−132.11***	−145.17***	−141.87***	−134.58***	−122.37**
	(49.92)	(49.35)	(51.95)	(53.32)	(45.92)	(49.19)	(45.48)	(44.89)	(50.00)	(47.14)	(45.27)	(60.31)
GDP²	8.86***	8.93***	10.53***	10.48***	9.76***	10.61***	8.42***	8.45***	9.21***	9.03***	8.47***	8.10**
	(3.11)	(3.09)	(3.23)	(3.38)	(2.90)	(3.17)	(2.88)	(2.85)	(3.14)	(3.01)	(2.92)	(3.90)
I/Y		0.83	1.50	1.74	2.37	2.82		1.71	2.66	3.15	3.51	2.27
		(1.82)	(2.03)	(2.53)	(2.47)	(2.37)		(1.64)	(2.13)	(2.91)	(2.89)	(2.39)
School			0.17	0.86	−1.85	0.68			0.65	1.87	1.11	−0.74
			(2.74)	(2.87)	(3.01)	(3.41)			(2.11)	(2.06)	(2.37)	(3.78)
OPENT				0.03	0.01	−0.07				−0.10	−0.12**	−0.08
				(0.07)	(0.06)	(0.05)				(0.06)	(0.06)	(0.05)
OPENK				1.60	1.63	0.86				0.97	0.88	1.21
				(1.16)	(1.10)	(1.03)				(0.90)	(0.88)	(1.05)
Urban					0.73	0.07					0.11	0.20
					(0.46)	(0.35)					(0.36)	(0.36)
Work.Age					1.41	2.49***					0.60	2.69***
					(0.96)	(0.85)					(0.56)	(0.95)
G/Y						20.82						9.29
						(17.59)						(19.07)
Asso.						2.56**						3.23***
						(1.00)						(0.98)
Country FE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Time FE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
R-sq.	0.79	0.79	0.78	0.78	0.80	0.82	0.72	0.72	0.70	0.74	0.75	0.80
No. of Obs.	554	554	497	469	469	425	883	883	804	606	606	426

GDP in PPP from the WDI

GDP in PPP from the Maddison database

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

GDP

−137.27***

−139.09***

−165.70***

−163.50***

−152.54***

−165.95***

−131.06***

−132.11***

−145.17***

−141.87***

−134.58***

−122.37**

(49.92)

(49.35)

(51.95)

(53.32)

(45.92)

(49.19)

(45.48)

(44.89)

(50.00)

(47.14)

(45.27)

(60.31)

GDP²

8.86***

8.93***

10.53***

10.48***

9.76***

10.61***

8.42***

8.45***

9.21***

9.03***

8.47***

8.10**

(3.11)

(3.09)

(3.23)

(3.38)

(2.90)

(3.17)

(2.88)

(2.85)

(3.14)

(3.01)

(2.92)

(3.90)

I/Y

0.83

1.50

1.74

2.37

2.82

1.71

2.66

3.15

3.51

2.27

(1.82)

(2.03)

(2.53)

(2.47)

(2.37)

(1.64)

(2.13)

(2.91)

(2.89)

(2.39)

School

0.17

0.86

−1.85

0.68

0.65

1.87

1.11

−0.74

(2.74)

(2.87)

(3.01)

(3.41)

(2.11)

(2.06)

(2.37)

(3.78)

OPENT

0.03

0.01

−0.07

−0.10

−0.12**

−0.08

(0.07)

(0.06)

(0.05)

(0.06)

(0.05)

OPENK

1.60

1.63

0.86

0.97

0.88

1.21

(1.16)

(1.10)

(1.03)

(0.90)

(0.88)

(1.05)

Urban

0.73

0.07

0.11

0.20

(0.46)

(0.35)

(0.36)

Work.Age

1.41

2.49***

0.60

2.69***

(0.96)

(0.85)

(0.56)

(0.95)

G/Y

20.82

9.29

(17.59)

(19.07)

Asso.

2.56**

3.23***

(1.00)

(0.98)

Country FE

Yes

Time FE

Yes

R-sq.

0.79

0.78

0.80

0.82

0.72

0.70

0.74

0.75

0.80

No. of Obs.

554

497

469

425

883

804

606

426

	GDP in PPP from the WDI	GDP in PPP from the Maddison database
GDP	−137.27***	−139.09***	−165.70***	−163.50***	−152.54***	−165.95***	−131.06***	−132.11***	−145.17***	−141.87***	−134.58***	−122.37**
	(49.92)	(49.35)	(51.95)	(53.32)	(45.92)	(49.19)	(45.48)	(44.89)	(50.00)	(47.14)	(45.27)	(60.31)
GDP²	8.86***	8.93***	10.53***	10.48***	9.76***	10.61***	8.42***	8.45***	9.21***	9.03***	8.47***	8.10**
	(3.11)	(3.09)	(3.23)	(3.38)	(2.90)	(3.17)	(2.88)	(2.85)	(3.14)	(3.01)	(2.92)	(3.90)
I/Y		0.83	1.50	1.74	2.37	2.82		1.71	2.66	3.15	3.51	2.27
		(1.82)	(2.03)	(2.53)	(2.47)	(2.37)		(1.64)	(2.13)	(2.91)	(2.89)	(2.39)
School			0.17	0.86	−1.85	0.68			0.65	1.87	1.11	−0.74
			(2.74)	(2.87)	(3.01)	(3.41)			(2.11)	(2.06)	(2.37)	(3.78)
OPENT				0.03	0.01	−0.07				−0.10	−0.12**	−0.08
				(0.07)	(0.06)	(0.05)				(0.06)	(0.06)	(0.05)
OPENK				1.60	1.63	0.86				0.97	0.88	1.21
				(1.16)	(1.10)	(1.03)				(0.90)	(0.88)	(1.05)
Urban					0.73	0.07					0.11	0.20
					(0.46)	(0.35)					(0.36)	(0.36)
Work.Age					1.41	2.49***					0.60	2.69***
					(0.96)	(0.85)					(0.56)	(0.95)
G/Y						20.82						9.29
						(17.59)						(19.07)
Asso.						2.56**						3.23***
						(1.00)						(0.98)
Country FE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Time FE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
R-sq.	0.79	0.79	0.78	0.78	0.80	0.82	0.72	0.72	0.70	0.74	0.75	0.80
No. of Obs.	554	554	497	469	469	425	883	883	804	606	606	426

Table A1.5.

Open in new tab

Aggregated Data on the Manufacturing Sector—Robustness Checks with Alternative Measures of GDPs

	GDP in PPP from the WDI						GDP in PPP from the Maddison database
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
GDP	−137.27***	−139.09***	−165.70***	−163.50***	−152.54***	−165.95***	−131.06***	−132.11***	−145.17***	−141.87***	−134.58***	−122.37**
	(49.92)	(49.35)	(51.95)	(53.32)	(45.92)	(49.19)	(45.48)	(44.89)	(50.00)	(47.14)	(45.27)	(60.31)
GDP²	8.86***	8.93***	10.53***	10.48***	9.76***	10.61***	8.42***	8.45***	9.21***	9.03***	8.47***	8.10**
	(3.11)	(3.09)	(3.23)	(3.38)	(2.90)	(3.17)	(2.88)	(2.85)	(3.14)	(3.01)	(2.92)	(3.90)
I/Y		0.83	1.50	1.74	2.37	2.82		1.71	2.66	3.15	3.51	2.27
		(1.82)	(2.03)	(2.53)	(2.47)	(2.37)		(1.64)	(2.13)	(2.91)	(2.89)	(2.39)
School			0.17	0.86	−1.85	0.68			0.65	1.87	1.11	−0.74
			(2.74)	(2.87)	(3.01)	(3.41)			(2.11)	(2.06)	(2.37)	(3.78)
OPENT				0.03	0.01	−0.07				−0.10	−0.12**	−0.08
				(0.07)	(0.06)	(0.05)				(0.06)	(0.06)	(0.05)
OPENK				1.60	1.63	0.86				0.97	0.88	1.21
				(1.16)	(1.10)	(1.03)				(0.90)	(0.88)	(1.05)
Urban					0.73	0.07					0.11	0.20
					(0.46)	(0.35)					(0.36)	(0.36)
Work.Age					1.41	2.49***					0.60	2.69***
					(0.96)	(0.85)					(0.56)	(0.95)
G/Y						20.82						9.29
						(17.59)						(19.07)
Asso.						2.56**						3.23***
						(1.00)						(0.98)
Country FE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Time FE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
R-sq.	0.79	0.79	0.78	0.78	0.80	0.82	0.72	0.72	0.70	0.74	0.75	0.80
No. of Obs.	554	554	497	469	469	425	883	883	804	606	606	426

	GDP in PPP from the WDI						GDP in PPP from the Maddison database
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
GDP	−137.27***	−139.09***	−165.70***	−163.50***	−152.54***	−165.95***	−131.06***	−132.11***	−145.17***	−141.87***	−134.58***	−122.37**
	(49.92)	(49.35)	(51.95)	(53.32)	(45.92)	(49.19)	(45.48)	(44.89)	(50.00)	(47.14)	(45.27)	(60.31)
GDP²	8.86***	8.93***	10.53***	10.48***	9.76***	10.61***	8.42***	8.45***	9.21***	9.03***	8.47***	8.10**
	(3.11)	(3.09)	(3.23)	(3.38)	(2.90)	(3.17)	(2.88)	(2.85)	(3.14)	(3.01)	(2.92)	(3.90)
I/Y		0.83	1.50	1.74	2.37	2.82		1.71	2.66	3.15	3.51	2.27
		(1.82)	(2.03)	(2.53)	(2.47)	(2.37)		(1.64)	(2.13)	(2.91)	(2.89)	(2.39)
School			0.17	0.86	−1.85	0.68			0.65	1.87	1.11	−0.74
			(2.74)	(2.87)	(3.01)	(3.41)			(2.11)	(2.06)	(2.37)	(3.78)
OPENT				0.03	0.01	−0.07				−0.10	−0.12**	−0.08
				(0.07)	(0.06)	(0.05)				(0.06)	(0.06)	(0.05)
OPENK				1.60	1.63	0.86				0.97	0.88	1.21
				(1.16)	(1.10)	(1.03)				(0.90)	(0.88)	(1.05)
Urban					0.73	0.07					0.11	0.20
					(0.46)	(0.35)					(0.36)	(0.36)
Work.Age					1.41	2.49***					0.60	2.69***
					(0.96)	(0.85)					(0.56)	(0.95)
G/Y						20.82						9.29
						(17.59)						(19.07)
Asso.						2.56**						3.23***
						(1.00)						(0.98)
Country FE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Time FE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
R-sq.	0.79	0.79	0.78	0.78	0.80	0.82	0.72	0.72	0.70	0.74	0.75	0.80
No. of Obs.	554	554	497	469	469	425	883	883	804	606	606	426

Source: The labor share and I/Y come from the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO); The GDP variables come from the World Development indicators (2013) and from the Maddison database (2003); School variable comes from the Barro and Lee database (2001); OPENT, Urban and Work.age variables come from the World Development Indicators; OPENK variable comes from Chinn and Ito (2006); G/Y variable comes from the Penn World Table (2015); Asso. Variable comes from the Cingranelli-Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Dataset (2010).

Note: Dependent variable = Ratio of total wage bill over value added (Labor share), in %; In the first 6th columns GDP = Logarithm of the GDP per capita (in 2005 PPP); In the last 6th columns GDP = Logarithm of the GDP per capita (in 1990 International Geary-Khamis dollars); I/Y = Ratio of investment over value added (at the aggregate manufacturing level); School = Average years of schooling in the total population aged 25 and more; OPENT = Ratio of imports plus exports over GDP, in %; OPENK = Index of financial openness; Urban = Share of urban population, in %; Work.Age = Share of population between the ages of 15 to 64, in %; G/Y = Ratio of government consumptions over GDP; Asso. = Freedom of assembly and association index; Clustered standard errors in brackets. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.

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