Table 6 Open in new tab Summary of...

De-icer (g salt/L)	Selenastrum (growth)	Daphnids (survival)	Daphnids (reproduction)	Minnow larvae (survival)	Minnow larvae (growth)
Brine	2.91	5.83	4.02	1.46	2.91	2.1	0.73	1.46	1.38	2.91	5.83	5.92	5.83	11.65	5.09
Product D	2.63	5.25	4.58	1.38	2.76	1.99	0.35	0.69	1.01	2.76	5.83	4.68	5.83	11.05	5.36
Product B	1.46	2.91	3.68	1.46	2.91	1.7	0.73	1.46	1.04	2.91	5.83	6.2	5.83	11.65	7.07
Product C	3.02	6.04	4.7	0.75	1.51	1.09	0.38	0.75	0.61	3.02	6.04	5.44	3.02	6.04	4.8
Product A	2.91	5.83	4.94	1.46	2.91	2.84	0.73	1.46	1.25	2.91	5.83	6.12	2.91	5.83	5.51
De-icer (g salt/L)	Minnow embryos (survival)	Duckweed (fronds)	Duckweed (growth)	Soybean (germination)	Soybean (root length)
NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LOEC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50
Brine	1.46	2.91	2.52	2.91	5.83	5.4	5.83	11.65	8.86	5.83	11.65	17.03	2.91	5.83	9.52
Product D	5.53	11.05	5.97	1.38	2.76	2.42	1.38	2.76	2.26	11.05	22.1	16.47	5.53	11.05	8.94
Product B	1.46	2.91	2.92	2.91	5.83	7.39	5.83	11.65	10.62	11.65	23.3	17.86	5.83	11.65	10.92
Product C	0.19	1.51	3.52	3.02	6.04	5.14	3.02	12.07	8.27	6.04	12.07	18.89	6.04	12.07	9.19
Product A	1.46	2.91	2.76	0.34	1.46	2.53	2.91	5.83	4.42	11.65	23.3	16.88	5.83	11.65	9.03

De-icer (g salt/L)

Selenastrum (growth)

Daphnids (survival)

Daphnids (reproduction)

Minnow larvae (survival)

Minnow larvae (growth)

NO EC

LO EC

IC 50

NO EC

LO EC

IC 50

NO EC

LO EC

IC 50

NO EC

LO EC

IC 50

NO EC

LO EC

IC 50

Brine

2.91

5.83

4.02

1.46

2.91

2.1

0.73

1.46

1.38

2.91

5.83

5.92

5.83

11.65

5.09

Product D

2.63

5.25

4.58

1.38

2.76

1.99

0.35

0.69

1.01

2.76

5.83

4.68

5.83

11.05

5.36

Product B

1.46

2.91

3.68

1.46

2.91

1.7

0.73

1.46

1.04

2.91

5.83

6.2

5.83

11.65

7.07

Product C

3.02

6.04

4.7

0.75

1.51

1.09

0.38

0.75

0.61

3.02

6.04

5.44

3.02

6.04

4.8

Product A

2.91

5.83

4.94

1.46

2.91

2.84

0.73

1.46

1.25

2.91

5.83

6.12

2.91

5.83

5.51

De-icer (g salt/L)

Minnow embryos (survival)

Duckweed (fronds)

Duckweed (growth)

Soybean (germination)

Soybean (root length)

NO EC

LO EC

IC 50

NO EC

LOEC

IC 50

NO EC

LO EC

IC 50

NO EC

LO EC

IC 50

NO EC

LO EC

IC 50

Brine

1.46

2.91

2.52

2.91

5.83

5.4

5.83

11.65

8.86

5.83

11.65

17.03

2.91

5.83

9.52

Product D

5.53

11.05

5.97

1.38

2.76

2.42

1.38

2.76

2.26

11.05

22.1

16.47

5.53

11.05

8.94

Product B

1.46

2.91

2.92

2.91

5.83

7.39

5.83

11.65

10.62

11.65

23.3

17.86

5.83

11.65

10.92

Product C

0.19

1.51

3.52

3.02

6.04

5.14

3.02

12.07

8.27

6.04

12.07

18.89

6.04

12.07

9.19

Product A

1.46

2.91

2.76

0.34

1.46

2.53

2.91

5.83

4.42

11.65

23.3

16.88

5.83

11.65

9.03

De-icer (g salt/L)	Selenastrum (growth)	Daphnids (survival)	Daphnids (reproduction)	Minnow larvae (survival)	Minnow larvae (growth)
Brine	2.91	5.83	4.02	1.46	2.91	2.1	0.73	1.46	1.38	2.91	5.83	5.92	5.83	11.65	5.09
Product D	2.63	5.25	4.58	1.38	2.76	1.99	0.35	0.69	1.01	2.76	5.83	4.68	5.83	11.05	5.36
Product B	1.46	2.91	3.68	1.46	2.91	1.7	0.73	1.46	1.04	2.91	5.83	6.2	5.83	11.65	7.07
Product C	3.02	6.04	4.7	0.75	1.51	1.09	0.38	0.75	0.61	3.02	6.04	5.44	3.02	6.04	4.8
Product A	2.91	5.83	4.94	1.46	2.91	2.84	0.73	1.46	1.25	2.91	5.83	6.12	2.91	5.83	5.51
De-icer (g salt/L)	Minnow embryos (survival)	Duckweed (fronds)	Duckweed (growth)	Soybean (germination)	Soybean (root length)
NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LOEC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50
Brine	1.46	2.91	2.52	2.91	5.83	5.4	5.83	11.65	8.86	5.83	11.65	17.03	2.91	5.83	9.52
Product D	5.53	11.05	5.97	1.38	2.76	2.42	1.38	2.76	2.26	11.05	22.1	16.47	5.53	11.05	8.94
Product B	1.46	2.91	2.92	2.91	5.83	7.39	5.83	11.65	10.62	11.65	23.3	17.86	5.83	11.65	10.92
Product C	0.19	1.51	3.52	3.02	6.04	5.14	3.02	12.07	8.27	6.04	12.07	18.89	6.04	12.07	9.19
Product A	1.46	2.91	2.76	0.34	1.46	2.53	2.91	5.83	4.42	11.65	23.3	16.88	5.83	11.65	9.03

Table 6

Open in new tab

Summary of toxicity testing results of de-icer products using algae, daphnids, duckweed, soybean and fathead minnows

De-icer (g salt/L)	Selenastrum (growth)			Daphnids (survival)			Daphnids (reproduction)			Minnow larvae (survival)			Minnow larvae (growth)
De-icer (g salt/L)	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50
Brine	2.91	5.83	4.02	1.46	2.91	2.1	0.73	1.46	1.38	2.91	5.83	5.92	5.83	11.65	5.09
Product D	2.63	5.25	4.58	1.38	2.76	1.99	0.35	0.69	1.01	2.76	5.83	4.68	5.83	11.05	5.36
Product B	1.46	2.91	3.68	1.46	2.91	1.7	0.73	1.46	1.04	2.91	5.83	6.2	5.83	11.65	7.07
Product C	3.02	6.04	4.7	0.75	1.51	1.09	0.38	0.75	0.61	3.02	6.04	5.44	3.02	6.04	4.8
Product A	2.91	5.83	4.94	1.46	2.91	2.84	0.73	1.46	1.25	2.91	5.83	6.12	2.91	5.83	5.51
De-icer (g salt/L)	Minnow embryos (survival)			Duckweed (fronds)			Duckweed (growth)			Soybean (germination)			Soybean (root length)
De-icer (g salt/L)	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LOEC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50
Brine	1.46	2.91	2.52	2.91	5.83	5.4	5.83	11.65	8.86	5.83	11.65	17.03	2.91	5.83	9.52
Product D	5.53	11.05	5.97	1.38	2.76	2.42	1.38	2.76	2.26	11.05	22.1	16.47	5.53	11.05	8.94
Product B	1.46	2.91	2.92	2.91	5.83	7.39	5.83	11.65	10.62	11.65	23.3	17.86	5.83	11.65	10.92
Product C	0.19	1.51	3.52	3.02	6.04	5.14	3.02	12.07	8.27	6.04	12.07	18.89	6.04	12.07	9.19
Product A	1.46	2.91	2.76	0.34	1.46	2.53	2.91	5.83	4.42	11.65	23.3	16.88	5.83	11.65	9.03

De-icer (g salt/L)	Selenastrum (growth)			Daphnids (survival)			Daphnids (reproduction)			Minnow larvae (survival)			Minnow larvae (growth)
De-icer (g salt/L)	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50
Brine	2.91	5.83	4.02	1.46	2.91	2.1	0.73	1.46	1.38	2.91	5.83	5.92	5.83	11.65	5.09
Product D	2.63	5.25	4.58	1.38	2.76	1.99	0.35	0.69	1.01	2.76	5.83	4.68	5.83	11.05	5.36
Product B	1.46	2.91	3.68	1.46	2.91	1.7	0.73	1.46	1.04	2.91	5.83	6.2	5.83	11.65	7.07
Product C	3.02	6.04	4.7	0.75	1.51	1.09	0.38	0.75	0.61	3.02	6.04	5.44	3.02	6.04	4.8
Product A	2.91	5.83	4.94	1.46	2.91	2.84	0.73	1.46	1.25	2.91	5.83	6.12	2.91	5.83	5.51
De-icer (g salt/L)	Minnow embryos (survival)			Duckweed (fronds)			Duckweed (growth)			Soybean (germination)			Soybean (root length)
De-icer (g salt/L)	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LOEC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50	NO EC	LO EC	IC 50
Brine	1.46	2.91	2.52	2.91	5.83	5.4	5.83	11.65	8.86	5.83	11.65	17.03	2.91	5.83	9.52
Product D	5.53	11.05	5.97	1.38	2.76	2.42	1.38	2.76	2.26	11.05	22.1	16.47	5.53	11.05	8.94
Product B	1.46	2.91	2.92	2.91	5.83	7.39	5.83	11.65	10.62	11.65	23.3	17.86	5.83	11.65	10.92
Product C	0.19	1.51	3.52	3.02	6.04	5.14	3.02	12.07	8.27	6.04	12.07	18.89	6.04	12.07	9.19
Product A	1.46	2.91	2.76	0.34	1.46	2.53	2.91	5.83	4.42	11.65	23.3	16.88	5.83	11.65	9.03

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only