Table 61.1 Open in new tab Main features...

Table 61.1

Main features of Trichinella species and genotypes recognized so far

Clade Species or genotype Encapsulated	Geographical distribution	Host range	Main source of infection for humans	Resistance of larvae in frozen muscles
T. spiralis	cosmopolitan	domestic and sylvatic mammals	domestic and sylvatic swine, horse	no
T. nativa	Arctic and subarctic areas of the Nearctic and Palearctic regions	sylvatic carnivores	bear, walrus	yes in carnivore muscles
Trichinella T6	Canada; Alaska, Rocky Mountains and Appalachian in the USA	sylvatic carnivores	carnivores	yes in carnivore muscles
T. britovi	Temperate areas of the Palearctic region, Northern and Western Africa	sylvatic mammals, seldom domestic pigs	wild boar, domestic pig	yes in carnivore muscles
Trichinella T8	South Africa and Namibia	sylvatic carnivores	non documented	no
T. murrelli	USA and Southern Canada	sylvatic carnivores	bear, horse	no
Trichinella T9	Japan	sylvatic carnivores	non documented	no
T. nelsoni	Eastern Southern Africa	sylvatic mammals	warthog, bush pig	no
Trichinella T12	Argentina	sylvatic carnivores	cougar	yes in carnivore muscles
Non-encapsulated
T. pseudospiralis	cosmopolitan	sylvatic mammals and birds, domestic pigs	domestic and wild pigs	no
T. papuae	Papua New Guinea, Thailand	wild pig, saltwater crocodile	wild pig	no
T. zimbabwensis	Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Ethiopia, South Africa	Nile crocodile, monitor lizard lion	non documented	no

Clade Species or genotype Encapsulated	Geographical distribution	Host range	Main source of infection for humans	Resistance of larvae in frozen muscles
T. spiralis	cosmopolitan	domestic and sylvatic mammals	domestic and sylvatic swine, horse	no
T. nativa	Arctic and subarctic areas of the Nearctic and Palearctic regions	sylvatic carnivores	bear, walrus	yes in carnivore muscles
Trichinella T6	Canada; Alaska, Rocky Mountains and Appalachian in the USA	sylvatic carnivores	carnivores	yes in carnivore muscles
T. britovi	Temperate areas of the Palearctic region, Northern and Western Africa	sylvatic mammals, seldom domestic pigs	wild boar, domestic pig	yes in carnivore muscles
Trichinella T8	South Africa and Namibia	sylvatic carnivores	non documented	no
T. murrelli	USA and Southern Canada	sylvatic carnivores	bear, horse	no
Trichinella T9	Japan	sylvatic carnivores	non documented	no
T. nelsoni	Eastern Southern Africa	sylvatic mammals	warthog, bush pig	no
Trichinella T12	Argentina	sylvatic carnivores	cougar	yes in carnivore muscles
Non-encapsulated
T. pseudospiralis	cosmopolitan	sylvatic mammals and birds, domestic pigs	domestic and wild pigs	no
T. papuae	Papua New Guinea, Thailand	wild pig, saltwater crocodile	wild pig	no
T. zimbabwensis	Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Ethiopia, South Africa	Nile crocodile, monitor lizard lion	non documented	no