Primary immune deficiencies: antibody deficiency, combined immune deficiency (see Chapter 1)

Tuberculosis

Cystic fibrosis (see ‘Classification of secondary immunodeficiency, p.116)

HIV with secondary infections

α₁-antitrypsin deficiency (rare)

Rheumatoid arthritis/Sjögren’s syndrome, especially if smoker

MBL deficiency?

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (see Chapter 3)

Cilial dyskinesia (see p.115)

Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease)

Young’s syndrome (sinusitis–infertility syndrome)

Aspiration/obstruction

Whooping cough