Table 16.5
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Methods to reduce blood loss in head and neck cancer surgery
Anaesthetic factors Surgical factors

Balanced anaesthesia

Meticulous surgical technique

Adequate analgesia

Harmonic ultrasonic scalpel

Avoid hypothermia, acidosis

Fibrin glue and sealants

Positioning 30° head up

Collagen and cellulose pads

Avoid extreme neck tilt, coughing

Infiltration of dilute adrenaline solution

Consider moderate-induced hypotension

Consider acute normovolaemic haemodilution

Anaesthetic factors Surgical factors

Balanced anaesthesia

Meticulous surgical technique

Adequate analgesia

Harmonic ultrasonic scalpel

Avoid hypothermia, acidosis

Fibrin glue and sealants

Positioning 30° head up

Collagen and cellulose pads

Avoid extreme neck tilt, coughing

Infiltration of dilute adrenaline solution

Consider moderate-induced hypotension

Consider acute normovolaemic haemodilution

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