Cleft lip and palate:

Primary and secondary surgery

Congenital abnormalities:

Crouzons

Aperts

Pfeiffers

Craniosynostosis

First arch abnormalities:

Pierre Robin

Treacher Collins

Goldenhar

Trauma:

Soft tissue or bony injuries

Caustic or thermal burns

Arteriovenous malformations:

Sturge–Weber

Tumours:

Benign or malignant

Infection:

Dental abscess

Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint

Atypical mycobacterium lymphadenitis

Inflammation:

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis