Staph. aureus

1–6 hours

Meat, milk

D, V, P, shock

Bacillus cereus

1–16 hours

Rice

D, V, P

Salmonella

6–48 hours

Meat, eggs

D, V, P

Escherichia coli

1–2 days

Any food

D, V, P

E. coli VTEC 0157

1–2 days

Meat, milk

D, V, P

Campylobacter

1–3 days

Meat, milk

Fever, P, D

Shigella

1–3 days

Any food

Bloody D, V, fever

Vibrio parahaem

2–3 days

Seafood

Watery D

Cholera

12hr–6 days

Water, seafood

D (watery), shock

Rotavirus

1–7 days

D, V, fever, cough

Botulism

12–96 hours

Preserved food

V, paralysis

Histamine fish poisoning (scombrotoxin)

<1 hour

Fish

Flushing, headache, D, V, P (  p.229)

Ciguatera fish poisoning

1–6 hours (rarely 30 hours)

Fish from tropical coral reef

D, V, P, paraesthesiae, muscle weakness (  p.229)

Paralytic shellfish poisoning

30 min–10 hours

Shellfish

Dizziness, paraesthesiae, weakness, respiratory failure (  p.229)

Chemicals

<2 hours

Food, water

Various

Mushrooms

<24 hours

Mushrooms

D, V, P, hallucinations (  p.212)