Table 3. Open in new tab Descriptive...

	PS3	RME/FM
Sagittal skeletal
SNA (°)	2.6	1.2	2.0;3.1	2.2	2.0	1.3;3.2	−0.4	0.547	−1.3	0.7
SNPg (°)	0.3	1.3	−0.2;0.9	−1.3	1.5	−2.0;0.7	−1.6	0.000^*	−2.5	−0.8
ANPg (°)	2.2	1.0	1.8;2.7	3.6	2.4	2.5;4.7	1.4	0.018^*	0.2	2.5
Wits (mm)	3.3	2.1	2.3;4.2	4.0	2.2	3.0;5.0	0.7	0.301	−0.6	2.1
Co-Gn (mm)	4.0	2.0	3.0;4.9	3.3	3.0	1.9;4.6	−0.7	0.394	−2.3	0.9
Vertical skeletal
SN/PP (°)	−0.2	0.5	−0.4;0.0	0.0	1.6	−0.7;0.7	0.2	0.036^,*	−0.5	0.9
SN/MP (°)	0.4	2.4	−0.6;1.5	1.1	2.9	−0.2;2.4	0.7	0.417	−1.0	2.3
PP/MP (°)	0.5	1.7	−0.2;1.3	1.0	2.7	−0.3;2.2	0.5	0.555	−1	1.8
CoGoMe (°)	0.4	2.7	−0.9;1.6	−1.3	2.3	−2.3;−0.2	−1.7	0.042^*	−3.2	−0.1
Co-Go (mm)	2.0	1.3	1.4;2.6	2.7	1.4	2.0;3.3	0.7	0.094	−0.1	1.6
Interdental
Overjet (mm)	4.3	1.5	3.6;4.9	5.1	2.3	4.1;6.2	0.8	0.150	−0.3	2.1
Overbite	0.8	1.4	0.1;1.4	0.9	2.2	−0.1;1.9	0.1	0.473^**	−1	1.3
Maxillary dentoalveolar
U1/PP (°)	6.9	6.3	4.1;9.8	3.1	7.3	−0.3;6.4	−3.8	0.072	−8.1	0.4
Mandibular dentoalveolar
L1/MP (°)	−1.8	5.5	−4.3;0.7	0.0	5.7	−2.6;2.6	1.8	0.315	−1.7	5.2

PS3

RME/FM

n = 21

Cephalometric measures

Mean

95% CI

Mean

95% CI

Mean difference

95% CI Lower limit

95% CI Upper limit

Sagittal skeletal

SNA (°)

2.6

1.2

2.0;3.1

2.2

2.0

1.3;3.2

−0.4

0.547

−1.3

0.7

SNPg (°)

0.3

1.3

−0.2;0.9

−1.3

1.5

−2.0;0.7

−1.6

0.000^*

−2.5

−0.8

ANPg (°)

2.2

1.0

1.8;2.7

3.6

2.4

2.5;4.7

1.4

0.018^*

0.2

2.5

Wits (mm)

3.3

2.1

2.3;4.2

4.0

2.2

3.0;5.0

0.7

0.301

−0.6

2.1

Co-Gn (mm)

4.0

2.0

3.0;4.9

3.3

3.0

1.9;4.6

−0.7

0.394

−2.3

0.9

Vertical skeletal

SN/PP (°)

−0.2

0.5

−0.4;0.0

0.0

1.6

−0.7;0.7

0.2

0.036^*,**

−0.5

0.9

SN/MP (°)

0.4

2.4

−0.6;1.5

1.1

2.9

−0.2;2.4

0.7

0.417

−1.0

2.3

PP/MP (°)

0.5

1.7

−0.2;1.3

1.0

2.7

−0.3;2.2

0.5

0.555

−1

1.8

CoGoMe (°)

0.4

2.7

−0.9;1.6

−1.3

2.3

−2.3;−0.2

−1.7

0.042^*

−3.2

−0.1

Co-Go (mm)

2.0

1.3

1.4;2.6

2.7

1.4

2.0;3.3

0.7

0.094

−0.1

1.6

Interdental

Overjet (mm)

4.3

1.5

3.6;4.9

5.1

2.3

4.1;6.2

0.8

0.150

−0.3

2.1

Overbite

0.8

1.4

0.1;1.4

0.9

2.2

−0.1;1.9

0.1

0.473^**

−1

1.3

Maxillary dentoalveolar

U1/PP (°)

6.9

6.3

4.1;9.8

3.1

7.3

−0.3;6.4

−3.8

0.072

−8.1

0.4

Mandibular dentoalveolar

L1/MP (°)

−1.8

5.5

−4.3;0.7

0.0

5.7

−2.6;2.6

1.8

0.315

−1.7

5.2

	PS3	RME/FM
Sagittal skeletal
SNA (°)	2.6	1.2	2.0;3.1	2.2	2.0	1.3;3.2	−0.4	0.547	−1.3	0.7
SNPg (°)	0.3	1.3	−0.2;0.9	−1.3	1.5	−2.0;0.7	−1.6	0.000^*	−2.5	−0.8
ANPg (°)	2.2	1.0	1.8;2.7	3.6	2.4	2.5;4.7	1.4	0.018^*	0.2	2.5
Wits (mm)	3.3	2.1	2.3;4.2	4.0	2.2	3.0;5.0	0.7	0.301	−0.6	2.1
Co-Gn (mm)	4.0	2.0	3.0;4.9	3.3	3.0	1.9;4.6	−0.7	0.394	−2.3	0.9
Vertical skeletal
SN/PP (°)	−0.2	0.5	−0.4;0.0	0.0	1.6	−0.7;0.7	0.2	0.036^,*	−0.5	0.9
SN/MP (°)	0.4	2.4	−0.6;1.5	1.1	2.9	−0.2;2.4	0.7	0.417	−1.0	2.3
PP/MP (°)	0.5	1.7	−0.2;1.3	1.0	2.7	−0.3;2.2	0.5	0.555	−1	1.8
CoGoMe (°)	0.4	2.7	−0.9;1.6	−1.3	2.3	−2.3;−0.2	−1.7	0.042^*	−3.2	−0.1
Co-Go (mm)	2.0	1.3	1.4;2.6	2.7	1.4	2.0;3.3	0.7	0.094	−0.1	1.6
Interdental
Overjet (mm)	4.3	1.5	3.6;4.9	5.1	2.3	4.1;6.2	0.8	0.150	−0.3	2.1
Overbite	0.8	1.4	0.1;1.4	0.9	2.2	−0.1;1.9	0.1	0.473^**	−1	1.3
Maxillary dentoalveolar
U1/PP (°)	6.9	6.3	4.1;9.8	3.1	7.3	−0.3;6.4	−3.8	0.072	−8.1	0.4
Mandibular dentoalveolar
L1/MP (°)	−1.8	5.5	−4.3;0.7	0.0	5.7	−2.6;2.6	1.8	0.315	−1.7	5.2

Table 3.

Open in new tab

Descriptive statistics and statistical comparisons of the T1–T0 changes.

	PS3			RME/FM
	n = 21			n = 21
Cephalometric measures	Mean	SD	95% CI	Mean	SD	95% CI	Mean difference	P	95% CI Lower limit	95% CI Upper limit
Sagittal skeletal
SNA (°)	2.6	1.2	2.0;3.1	2.2	2.0	1.3;3.2	−0.4	0.547	−1.3	0.7
SNPg (°)	0.3	1.3	−0.2;0.9	−1.3	1.5	−2.0;0.7	−1.6	0.000^*	−2.5	−0.8
ANPg (°)	2.2	1.0	1.8;2.7	3.6	2.4	2.5;4.7	1.4	0.018^*	0.2	2.5
Wits (mm)	3.3	2.1	2.3;4.2	4.0	2.2	3.0;5.0	0.7	0.301	−0.6	2.1
Co-Gn (mm)	4.0	2.0	3.0;4.9	3.3	3.0	1.9;4.6	−0.7	0.394	−2.3	0.9
Vertical skeletal
SN/PP (°)	−0.2	0.5	−0.4;0.0	0.0	1.6	−0.7;0.7	0.2	0.036^,*	−0.5	0.9
SN/MP (°)	0.4	2.4	−0.6;1.5	1.1	2.9	−0.2;2.4	0.7	0.417	−1.0	2.3
PP/MP (°)	0.5	1.7	−0.2;1.3	1.0	2.7	−0.3;2.2	0.5	0.555	−1	1.8
CoGoMe (°)	0.4	2.7	−0.9;1.6	−1.3	2.3	−2.3;−0.2	−1.7	0.042^*	−3.2	−0.1
Co-Go (mm)	2.0	1.3	1.4;2.6	2.7	1.4	2.0;3.3	0.7	0.094	−0.1	1.6
Interdental
Overjet (mm)	4.3	1.5	3.6;4.9	5.1	2.3	4.1;6.2	0.8	0.150	−0.3	2.1
Overbite	0.8	1.4	0.1;1.4	0.9	2.2	−0.1;1.9	0.1	0.473^**	−1	1.3
Maxillary dentoalveolar
U1/PP (°)	6.9	6.3	4.1;9.8	3.1	7.3	−0.3;6.4	−3.8	0.072	−8.1	0.4
Mandibular dentoalveolar
L1/MP (°)	−1.8	5.5	−4.3;0.7	0.0	5.7	−2.6;2.6	1.8	0.315	−1.7	5.2

	PS3			RME/FM
	n = 21			n = 21
Cephalometric measures	Mean	SD	95% CI	Mean	SD	95% CI	Mean difference	P	95% CI Lower limit	95% CI Upper limit
Sagittal skeletal
SNA (°)	2.6	1.2	2.0;3.1	2.2	2.0	1.3;3.2	−0.4	0.547	−1.3	0.7
SNPg (°)	0.3	1.3	−0.2;0.9	−1.3	1.5	−2.0;0.7	−1.6	0.000^*	−2.5	−0.8
ANPg (°)	2.2	1.0	1.8;2.7	3.6	2.4	2.5;4.7	1.4	0.018^*	0.2	2.5
Wits (mm)	3.3	2.1	2.3;4.2	4.0	2.2	3.0;5.0	0.7	0.301	−0.6	2.1
Co-Gn (mm)	4.0	2.0	3.0;4.9	3.3	3.0	1.9;4.6	−0.7	0.394	−2.3	0.9
Vertical skeletal
SN/PP (°)	−0.2	0.5	−0.4;0.0	0.0	1.6	−0.7;0.7	0.2	0.036^,*	−0.5	0.9
SN/MP (°)	0.4	2.4	−0.6;1.5	1.1	2.9	−0.2;2.4	0.7	0.417	−1.0	2.3
PP/MP (°)	0.5	1.7	−0.2;1.3	1.0	2.7	−0.3;2.2	0.5	0.555	−1	1.8
CoGoMe (°)	0.4	2.7	−0.9;1.6	−1.3	2.3	−2.3;−0.2	−1.7	0.042^*	−3.2	−0.1
Co-Go (mm)	2.0	1.3	1.4;2.6	2.7	1.4	2.0;3.3	0.7	0.094	−0.1	1.6
Interdental
Overjet (mm)	4.3	1.5	3.6;4.9	5.1	2.3	4.1;6.2	0.8	0.150	−0.3	2.1
Overbite	0.8	1.4	0.1;1.4	0.9	2.2	−0.1;1.9	0.1	0.473^**	−1	1.3
Maxillary dentoalveolar
U1/PP (°)	6.9	6.3	4.1;9.8	3.1	7.3	−0.3;6.4	−3.8	0.072	−8.1	0.4
Mandibular dentoalveolar
L1/MP (°)	−1.8	5.5	−4.3;0.7	0.0	5.7	−2.6;2.6	1.8	0.315	−1.7	5.2

Significance level was set at P < 0.05. Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Bold type with asterisk (*): statistically significant.

^**Mann–Whitney U-test.

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