The effect of bilateral differences in MRLs on trade, prices and quality upgrading: intra-EU trade (2005–2008)
| . | EMijkt . | IMijkt . | EMijkt × IMijkt . | Xijkt . | Xijkt . | Priceijkt . | Qualityijkt . | QA priceijkt . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . | (7) . | (8) . | |
| MRLijkt | −0.081 | −0.121 | −0.202 | 0.302 | −0.241 | 0.144 | 0.319*** | −0.176* |
| (0.168) | (0.252) | (0.272) | (0.215) | (0.307) | (0.088) | (0.122) | (0.099) | |
| Observations | 9934 | 9934 | 9934 | 86,956 | 270,547 | 58,614 | 58,614 | 58,614 |
| Estimator | OLS | OLS | OLS | OLS | PPML | OLS | OLS | OLS |
| . | EMijkt . | IMijkt . | EMijkt × IMijkt . | Xijkt . | Xijkt . | Priceijkt . | Qualityijkt . | QA priceijkt . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . | (7) . | (8) . | |
| MRLijkt | −0.081 | −0.121 | −0.202 | 0.302 | −0.241 | 0.144 | 0.319*** | −0.176* |
| (0.168) | (0.252) | (0.272) | (0.215) | (0.307) | (0.088) | (0.122) | (0.099) | |
| Observations | 9934 | 9934 | 9934 | 86,956 | 270,547 | 58,614 | 58,614 | 58,614 |
| Estimator | OLS | OLS | OLS | OLS | PPML | OLS | OLS | OLS |
Notes: Robust country–pair–product clustered standard errors in parentheses. ***, ** and * denote significance at 1 per cent, 5 per cent and 10 per cent, respectively. Importer-product-time, exporter-product-time and importer-exporter fixed effects included in all regressions. Intercepts included but not reported. EMijkt = extensive margin, IMijkt = intensive margin, Xijkt = observed trade values, QA priceijkt = quality-adjusted prices. Tariffs are excluded from this regression because the EU is a customs union.
The effect of bilateral differences in MRLs on trade, prices and quality upgrading: intra-EU trade (2005–2008)
| . | EMijkt . | IMijkt . | EMijkt × IMijkt . | Xijkt . | Xijkt . | Priceijkt . | Qualityijkt . | QA priceijkt . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . | (7) . | (8) . | |
| MRLijkt | −0.081 | −0.121 | −0.202 | 0.302 | −0.241 | 0.144 | 0.319*** | −0.176* |
| (0.168) | (0.252) | (0.272) | (0.215) | (0.307) | (0.088) | (0.122) | (0.099) | |
| Observations | 9934 | 9934 | 9934 | 86,956 | 270,547 | 58,614 | 58,614 | 58,614 |
| Estimator | OLS | OLS | OLS | OLS | PPML | OLS | OLS | OLS |
| . | EMijkt . | IMijkt . | EMijkt × IMijkt . | Xijkt . | Xijkt . | Priceijkt . | Qualityijkt . | QA priceijkt . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . | (7) . | (8) . | |
| MRLijkt | −0.081 | −0.121 | −0.202 | 0.302 | −0.241 | 0.144 | 0.319*** | −0.176* |
| (0.168) | (0.252) | (0.272) | (0.215) | (0.307) | (0.088) | (0.122) | (0.099) | |
| Observations | 9934 | 9934 | 9934 | 86,956 | 270,547 | 58,614 | 58,614 | 58,614 |
| Estimator | OLS | OLS | OLS | OLS | PPML | OLS | OLS | OLS |
Notes: Robust country–pair–product clustered standard errors in parentheses. ***, ** and * denote significance at 1 per cent, 5 per cent and 10 per cent, respectively. Importer-product-time, exporter-product-time and importer-exporter fixed effects included in all regressions. Intercepts included but not reported. EMijkt = extensive margin, IMijkt = intensive margin, Xijkt = observed trade values, QA priceijkt = quality-adjusted prices. Tariffs are excluded from this regression because the EU is a customs union.
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