Table 6.3 Open in new tab Classification...

Table 6.3

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Classification of bacteria and other organisms associated with the urinary tract and UTI

Cocci

Gram +ve Aerobes

Streptococcus

Non-haemolytic: Enterococcus (E. faecalis)

α-haemolytic: S. viridians; â-haemolytic streptococcus

Staphylococcus

S. saprophyticus (causes 710% of symptomatic lower UTIs in young, sexually active women)

S. aureus

S. epidermidis

Gram –ve Aerobes

Neisseria

N. gonorrhoeae

Bacilli (rods)

Gram +ve Aerobes

Corynebacteria

C. urealyticium

Acid-fast

Mycobacteria

M. tuberculosis

Gram +ve Anaerobes^*

Lactobacillus

(i.e. L. crispatis, L. Jensenii are common vaginal commensal organisms)

Clostridium perfringens

Gram –ve Aerobes

Enterobacteriacaeae

Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella sp.

Non-fermenters

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Gram –ve Anaerobes^*

Bacteroides

Bacteroides fragilis

Other organisms

Chlamydia

C. trachomatis

Mycoplasma

M. hominus

Ureaplasma

U. urealyticum (cause UTI in patients with indwelling catheters

Candida

C. albicans

Anaerobic infections of the bladder and kidney are uncommon—anaerobes are normal commensals of the perineum, vagina, and distal urethra. However, infections of the urinary system that produce pus (e.g. scrotal, prostatic, or perinephric abscesses) can be caused by anaerobic organisms (e.g. Bacteroides sp. such as Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium sp., anaerobic cocci, and Clostridium perfringens).

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