Primary (aetiology unknown) Acute/subacute dysautonomias (Section 21.10.4) Pure cholinergic dysautonomia Pure pandysautonomia Pandysautonomia with neurological features Chronic autonomic failure syndromes Pure autonomic failure (Section 21.11.7) Multiple system atrophy (Shy–Drager syndrome) (Section 40.3.8) Autonomic failure with Parkinson’s disease (Section 40.3.1) |
Secondary Congenital Nerve growth factor deficiency Hereditary Familial amyloid neuropathy (Section 21.9.1) Porphyria (Section 21.8.6) Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (Section 21.6) Familial dysautonomia—Riley–Day syndrome (21.6.3) Dopamine β-hydroxylase deficiency Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency Anderson–Fabry disease (Section 21.8.5) Metabolic diseases Diabetes mellitus (Section 21.17.5) Chronic renal failure (Section 21.18.1) Chronic liver disease Vitamin B12 deficiency (Section 21.22.4) Inflammatory Bacterial—Tetanus (Section 42.5.14) Viral—HIV infection (Section 43.3.7) Parasitic—Trypanosomiasis Cruzi; Chagas’ disease (Section 42.11.8) Prion—fatal familial insomnia (Section 42.9.8) Neoplasia Brain tumours—especially of third ventricle or posterior fossa Paraneoplastic autonomic neuropathy (Section 21.11.7) Lambert–Eaton syndrome (Section 24.10.2) Primary amyloidosis (Section 21.9.2) Connective tissue disorders Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus Mixed connective tissue disease Surgery Regional sympathectomy—upper limb, splanchnic Vagotomy and drainage procedures—‘dumping syndrome’ Organ transplantation—heart, kidney Trauma Spinal cord transection |
Neurally mediated syncope Vasovagal syncope Carotid sinus hypersensitivity Micturition syncope Cough syncope Swallow syncope Associated with glossopharyngeal neuralgia |
Drugs, chemicals, poisons, and toxins Alcohol-induced (Section 21.19.1) |
Primary (aetiology unknown) Acute/subacute dysautonomias (Section 21.10.4) Pure cholinergic dysautonomia Pure pandysautonomia Pandysautonomia with neurological features Chronic autonomic failure syndromes Pure autonomic failure (Section 21.11.7) Multiple system atrophy (Shy–Drager syndrome) (Section 40.3.8) Autonomic failure with Parkinson’s disease (Section 40.3.1) |
Secondary Congenital Nerve growth factor deficiency Hereditary Familial amyloid neuropathy (Section 21.9.1) Porphyria (Section 21.8.6) Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (Section 21.6) Familial dysautonomia—Riley–Day syndrome (21.6.3) Dopamine β-hydroxylase deficiency Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency Anderson–Fabry disease (Section 21.8.5) Metabolic diseases Diabetes mellitus (Section 21.17.5) Chronic renal failure (Section 21.18.1) Chronic liver disease Vitamin B12 deficiency (Section 21.22.4) Inflammatory Bacterial—Tetanus (Section 42.5.14) Viral—HIV infection (Section 43.3.7) Parasitic—Trypanosomiasis Cruzi; Chagas’ disease (Section 42.11.8) Prion—fatal familial insomnia (Section 42.9.8) Neoplasia Brain tumours—especially of third ventricle or posterior fossa Paraneoplastic autonomic neuropathy (Section 21.11.7) Lambert–Eaton syndrome (Section 24.10.2) Primary amyloidosis (Section 21.9.2) Connective tissue disorders Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus Mixed connective tissue disease Surgery Regional sympathectomy—upper limb, splanchnic Vagotomy and drainage procedures—‘dumping syndrome’ Organ transplantation—heart, kidney Trauma Spinal cord transection |
Neurally mediated syncope Vasovagal syncope Carotid sinus hypersensitivity Micturition syncope Cough syncope Swallow syncope Associated with glossopharyngeal neuralgia |
Drugs, chemicals, poisons, and toxins Alcohol-induced (Section 21.19.1) |
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