Table 27.1
World Health Organization typing of central nervous system tumours

1. Tumours of neuroepithelial tissue

 

1.1 Astrocytic tumours

 

1.1.1 Astrocytoma

 

1.1.2 Anaplastic (malignant) astrocytoma

 

1.1.3 Glioblastoma

 

1.1.4 Pilocytic astrocytoma

 

1.1.5 Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma

 

1.1.6 Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

 

1.2 Oligodendroglial tumours

 

1.2.1 Oligodendroglioma

 

1.2.2 Anaplastic (malignant)

 

1.3 Ependymal tumours

 

1.3.1 Ependymoma

 

1.3.2 Anaplastic (malignant)

 

1.3.3 Myxopapillary ependymoma

 

1.3.4 Subependymoma

 

1.4 Mixed gliomas

 

1.4.1 Oligo-astrocytoma

 

1.4.2 Anaplastic (malignant)

 

1.4.3 Other

 

1.5 Choroid plexus tumours

 

1.5.1 Choroid plexus papilloma

 

1.5.2 Choroid plexus carcinoma

 

1.6 Neuroepithelial tumours

 

1.6.1 Astroblastoma

 

1.6.2 Polar spongioblastoma

 

1.6.3 Gliomatosis cerebri

 

1.7 Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumours

 

1.7.1 Gangliocytoma

 

1.7.2 Dysplastic gangliocytoma of cerebellum

 

1.7.3 Desmoplastic neuroepithelial tumour

 

1.7.4 Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour

 

1.7.5 Ganglioglioma

 

1.7.6 Anaplastic (malignant) ganglioglioma

 

1.7.7 Central neurocytoma

 

1.7.8 Paraganglioma of the filum terminale

 

1.7.9 Olfactory neuroblastoma

 

1.8 Pineal parenchymal tumours

 

1.8.1 Pineocytoma

 

1.8.2 Pineoblastoma

 

1.8.3 Mixed/transitional pineal tumours

 

1.9 Embryonal tumours

 

1.9.1 Medulloepithelioma

 

1.9.2 Neuroblastoma

 

1.9.3 Ependymoblastoma

 

1.9.4 Primitive neuroectodermal tumours

2. Tumours of cranial and spinal nerves

 

2.1 Schwannoma (neurinoma)

 

2.2 Neurofibroma

 

2.3 Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour

3. Tumours of the meninges

 

3.1 Tumours of meningothelial cells

 

3.1.1 Meningioma

 

3.1.2 Atypical meningioma

 

3.1.3 Papillary meningioma

 

3.1.4 Anaplastic (malignant) meningioma

 

3.2 Mesenchymal, non-meningothelial tumours

 

Benign neoplasms

 

3.2.1 Osteocartilaginous tumours

 

3.2.2 Lipoma

 

3.2.3 Fibrous histiocytoma

 

3.2.4 Others

 

3.2.5 Haemangiopericytoma

 

Malignant neoplasms

 

3.2.6 Chondrosarcoma

 

3.2.7 Malignant fibrous histiocytoma

 

3.2.8 Rhabdomyosarcoma

 

3.2.9 Meningeal sarcomatosis

 

3.2.10 Others

 

3.3 Primary melanocytic lesions

 

3.3.1 Diffuse melanosis

 

3.3.2 Melanocytoma

 

3.3.3 Malignant melanoma

 

3.4 Tumours of uncertain histogenesis

 

3.4.1 Haemangioblastoma

4. Lymphoma & haemopoietic tumours

 

4.1 Malignant lymphoma

 

4.2 Plasmocytoma

 

4.3 Granulocytic sarcoma

 

4.4 Other

5. Germ cell tumours

 

5.1 Germinoma

 

5.2 Embryonal carcinoma

 

5.3 Yolk sac tumour

 

5.4 Choriocarcinoma

 

5.5 Teratoma

 

5.6 Mixed germ cell tumour

6. Cysts and tumour-like lesions

7. Tumours of the sellar region

 

7.1 Pituitary adenoma

 

7.2 Pituitary carcinoma

 

7.3 Craniopharyngioma

8. Local extensions of regional tumours

 

8.1 Paraganglioma

 

8.2 Chordoma

 

8.3 Chondroma/chondrosarcoma

 

8.4 Carcinoma

9. Metastatic tumours

10. Unclassified tumour

1. Tumours of neuroepithelial tissue

 

1.1 Astrocytic tumours

 

1.1.1 Astrocytoma

 

1.1.2 Anaplastic (malignant) astrocytoma

 

1.1.3 Glioblastoma

 

1.1.4 Pilocytic astrocytoma

 

1.1.5 Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma

 

1.1.6 Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

 

1.2 Oligodendroglial tumours

 

1.2.1 Oligodendroglioma

 

1.2.2 Anaplastic (malignant)

 

1.3 Ependymal tumours

 

1.3.1 Ependymoma

 

1.3.2 Anaplastic (malignant)

 

1.3.3 Myxopapillary ependymoma

 

1.3.4 Subependymoma

 

1.4 Mixed gliomas

 

1.4.1 Oligo-astrocytoma

 

1.4.2 Anaplastic (malignant)

 

1.4.3 Other

 

1.5 Choroid plexus tumours

 

1.5.1 Choroid plexus papilloma

 

1.5.2 Choroid plexus carcinoma

 

1.6 Neuroepithelial tumours

 

1.6.1 Astroblastoma

 

1.6.2 Polar spongioblastoma

 

1.6.3 Gliomatosis cerebri

 

1.7 Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumours

 

1.7.1 Gangliocytoma

 

1.7.2 Dysplastic gangliocytoma of cerebellum

 

1.7.3 Desmoplastic neuroepithelial tumour

 

1.7.4 Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour

 

1.7.5 Ganglioglioma

 

1.7.6 Anaplastic (malignant) ganglioglioma

 

1.7.7 Central neurocytoma

 

1.7.8 Paraganglioma of the filum terminale

 

1.7.9 Olfactory neuroblastoma

 

1.8 Pineal parenchymal tumours

 

1.8.1 Pineocytoma

 

1.8.2 Pineoblastoma

 

1.8.3 Mixed/transitional pineal tumours

 

1.9 Embryonal tumours

 

1.9.1 Medulloepithelioma

 

1.9.2 Neuroblastoma

 

1.9.3 Ependymoblastoma

 

1.9.4 Primitive neuroectodermal tumours

2. Tumours of cranial and spinal nerves

 

2.1 Schwannoma (neurinoma)

 

2.2 Neurofibroma

 

2.3 Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour

3. Tumours of the meninges

 

3.1 Tumours of meningothelial cells

 

3.1.1 Meningioma

 

3.1.2 Atypical meningioma

 

3.1.3 Papillary meningioma

 

3.1.4 Anaplastic (malignant) meningioma

 

3.2 Mesenchymal, non-meningothelial tumours

 

Benign neoplasms

 

3.2.1 Osteocartilaginous tumours

 

3.2.2 Lipoma

 

3.2.3 Fibrous histiocytoma

 

3.2.4 Others

 

3.2.5 Haemangiopericytoma

 

Malignant neoplasms

 

3.2.6 Chondrosarcoma

 

3.2.7 Malignant fibrous histiocytoma

 

3.2.8 Rhabdomyosarcoma

 

3.2.9 Meningeal sarcomatosis

 

3.2.10 Others

 

3.3 Primary melanocytic lesions

 

3.3.1 Diffuse melanosis

 

3.3.2 Melanocytoma

 

3.3.3 Malignant melanoma

 

3.4 Tumours of uncertain histogenesis

 

3.4.1 Haemangioblastoma

4. Lymphoma & haemopoietic tumours

 

4.1 Malignant lymphoma

 

4.2 Plasmocytoma

 

4.3 Granulocytic sarcoma

 

4.4 Other

5. Germ cell tumours

 

5.1 Germinoma

 

5.2 Embryonal carcinoma

 

5.3 Yolk sac tumour

 

5.4 Choriocarcinoma

 

5.5 Teratoma

 

5.6 Mixed germ cell tumour

6. Cysts and tumour-like lesions

7. Tumours of the sellar region

 

7.1 Pituitary adenoma

 

7.2 Pituitary carcinoma

 

7.3 Craniopharyngioma

8. Local extensions of regional tumours

 

8.1 Paraganglioma

 

8.2 Chordoma

 

8.3 Chondroma/chondrosarcoma

 

8.4 Carcinoma

9. Metastatic tumours

10. Unclassified tumour

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