Table 4. Open in new tab Comparison of...

	Consumption	TEE	Disease	Surplus
1983	302	2,190	2,307*	0.37	2,186	2,136	2,557	184	106	45
1988	305	2,202	2,337*	0.42	2,180	2,134	2,553	165	95	40
1994	321	2,133	2,269*	0.43	2,139	2,158	2,553	141	81	35
2000	350	2,151	2,290*	0.44	2,169	2,155	2,531	118	68	29	10.5–12.7
2005	355	2,040	2,184*	0.48	2,083	2,172	2,524	99	57	24	10.5–12.7
2010	386	2,000	2,140	0.48	2,017	2,159	2,471	80	46	20	10.5–12.7
2012	479	2,087	2,225	0.49	2,044	2,153	2,446	73	42	18	10.5–12.7
Δ 1983–2012		−102	−82		−142	17	−111	−111	−64	−27
Δ 1983–2005		−150	−123		−102	36	−34	−86	−49	−21
Δ 2005–2012		47	41		−40	−19	−78	−26	−15	−6

Consumption

TEE

Disease

Surplus

Real mpce

NSS calories

NSS cal. 7-day

Share 7-day

Authors’ cal.

Pop TEE

Adult TEE

High

Mid(=IMR)

Low

NFHS

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

1983

302

2,190

2,307*

0.37

2,186

2,136

2,557

184

106

1988

305

2,202

2,337*

0.42

2,180

2,134

2,553

165

1994

321

2,133

2,269*

0.43

2,139

2,158

2,553

141

2000

350

2,151

2,290*

0.44

2,169

2,155

2,531

118

10.5–12.7

2005

355

2,040

2,184*

0.48

2,083

2,172

2,524

10.5–12.7

2010

386

2,000

2,140

0.48

2,017

2,159

2,471

10.5–12.7

2012

479

2,087

2,225

0.49

2,044

2,153

2,446

10.5–12.7

Δ 1983–2012

−102

−82

−142

−111

−64

−27

Δ 1983–2005

−150

−123

−102

−34

−86

−49

−21

Δ 2005–2012

−40

−19

−78

−26

−15

−6

	Consumption	TEE	Disease	Surplus
1983	302	2,190	2,307*	0.37	2,186	2,136	2,557	184	106	45
1988	305	2,202	2,337*	0.42	2,180	2,134	2,553	165	95	40
1994	321	2,133	2,269*	0.43	2,139	2,158	2,553	141	81	35
2000	350	2,151	2,290*	0.44	2,169	2,155	2,531	118	68	29	10.5–12.7
2005	355	2,040	2,184*	0.48	2,083	2,172	2,524	99	57	24	10.5–12.7
2010	386	2,000	2,140	0.48	2,017	2,159	2,471	80	46	20	10.5–12.7
2012	479	2,087	2,225	0.49	2,044	2,153	2,446	73	42	18	10.5–12.7
Δ 1983–2012		−102	−82		−142	17	−111	−111	−64	−27
Δ 1983–2005		−150	−123		−102	36	−34	−86	−49	−21
Δ 2005–2012		47	41		−40	−19	−78	−26	−15	−6

Table 4.

Open in new tab

Comparison of Daily Total Energy Expenditure, Caloric Intake, Caloric Burden of Disease, and Caloric Surplus Implied by Weight Gain

	Consumption					TEE		Disease			Surplus
	Real mpce	NSS calories	NSS cal. 7-day	Share 7-day	Authors’ cal.	Pop TEE	Adult TEE	High	Mid(=IMR)	Low	NFHS
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)
1983	302	2,190	2,307*	0.37	2,186	2,136	2,557	184	106	45
1988	305	2,202	2,337*	0.42	2,180	2,134	2,553	165	95	40
1994	321	2,133	2,269*	0.43	2,139	2,158	2,553	141	81	35
2000	350	2,151	2,290*	0.44	2,169	2,155	2,531	118	68	29	10.5–12.7
2005	355	2,040	2,184*	0.48	2,083	2,172	2,524	99	57	24	10.5–12.7
2010	386	2,000	2,140	0.48	2,017	2,159	2,471	80	46	20	10.5–12.7
2012	479	2,087	2,225	0.49	2,044	2,153	2,446	73	42	18	10.5–12.7
Δ 1983–2012		−102	−82		−142	17	−111	−111	−64	−27
Δ 1983–2005		−150	−123		−102	36	−34	−86	−49	−21
Δ 2005–2012		47	41		−40	−19	−78	−26	−15	−6

	Consumption					TEE		Disease			Surplus
	Real mpce	NSS calories	NSS cal. 7-day	Share 7-day	Authors’ cal.	Pop TEE	Adult TEE	High	Mid(=IMR)	Low	NFHS
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)
1983	302	2,190	2,307*	0.37	2,186	2,136	2,557	184	106	45
1988	305	2,202	2,337*	0.42	2,180	2,134	2,553	165	95	40
1994	321	2,133	2,269*	0.43	2,139	2,158	2,553	141	81	35
2000	350	2,151	2,290*	0.44	2,169	2,155	2,531	118	68	29	10.5–12.7
2005	355	2,040	2,184*	0.48	2,083	2,172	2,524	99	57	24	10.5–12.7
2010	386	2,000	2,140	0.48	2,017	2,159	2,471	80	46	20	10.5–12.7
2012	479	2,087	2,225	0.49	2,044	2,153	2,446	73	42	18	10.5–12.7
Δ 1983–2012		−102	−82		−142	17	−111	−111	−64	−27
Δ 1983–2005		−150	−123		−102	36	−34	−86	−49	−21
Δ 2005–2012		47	41		−40	−19	−78	−26	−15	−6

Source: Authors’ analysis based on data from the 1998–1999 India Time-Use Survey, the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) rounds 2, 3, and 4, and the National Sample Survey (NSS) rounds 38, 43, 50, 55, 61, 66, and 68, with independent estimates by other authors cited below.

Note: Column 1 is the authors’ calculation of real mean per capita expenditure (mpce) using NSS Schedule 1. Column 2 is the official estimate of caloric intake from NSSO (2013) using the 30-day recall period (with Deaton and Drèze (2009) for 1988 as this is missing in the report). Column 3 is the official estimate using the new schedule type 2, which uses a 7-day recall for all food except cereals, dairy, and pulses. * indicates our imputation, based on the share of expenditures on the 7-day recall items (column 4) and the difference in caloric intake between the 30-day and 7-day schedule. Column 5 is the authors’ independent estimate of caloric intake (see appendix). Columns 6 and 7 are the authors’ population and adult total energy expenditure (TEE) estimates. Columns 8 through 10 are based on the reported coefficients for the calorie–disease slope in Duh and Spears (2017), where disease is proxied by infant mortality. Column 9 reports infant mortality rate (IMR) for India (per 1,000 live births) from the World Development Indicators and the mid-level estimate based on a slope coefficient of 1. Columns 8 and 10 multiply IMR by 1.74 and 0.426, the high- and low-end estimates reported in Duh and Spears (2017, table 8). Column 11 “Surplus” is the net caloric surplus consistent with average weight gain using the NFHS data (see text and table S1.8 in the supplementary online appendix).

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