Table 6.
Open in new tab

PPML estimates of trade cost parameters, aggregate agrifood sector

Estimate |$\sigma $|Set |$\sigma = 4$|
Domestic andDomestic and
International tradeinternational tradeinternational
flowsflowstrade flows
(1)(2)(3)
ln geographic distance−0.82***−0.82***−0.80***
(0.04)(0.02)(0.02)
Common land border0.48***0.48***0.47***
(0.08)(0.06)(0.06)
Common language0.23***0.23***0.22***
(0.09)(0.08)(0.08)
Common colonial ties0.67***0.67***0.72***
(0.26)(0.23)(0.23)
ln (1 + tariff/100)−1.77***−1.76***−3.00
(0.66)(0.46)
Regulatory distance SPS-and-TBT NTMs−0.21−0.200.23
(0.89)(0.42)(0.34)
Regulatory distance pre-shipment NTMs−1.54***−1.49***−1.64***
(0.84)(0.36)(0.35)
Regulatory distance quantity-control NTMs−30.91***−31.76***−31.30***
(9.45)(2.40)(2.36)
Fixed effectsit, jtit, jtit, jt
No. of observations12,55312,99612,996
R20.8420.9170.965
Estimate |$\sigma $|Set |$\sigma = 4$|
Domestic andDomestic and
International tradeinternational tradeinternational
flowsflowstrade flows
(1)(2)(3)
ln geographic distance−0.82***−0.82***−0.80***
(0.04)(0.02)(0.02)
Common land border0.48***0.48***0.47***
(0.08)(0.06)(0.06)
Common language0.23***0.23***0.22***
(0.09)(0.08)(0.08)
Common colonial ties0.67***0.67***0.72***
(0.26)(0.23)(0.23)
ln (1 + tariff/100)−1.77***−1.76***−3.00
(0.66)(0.46)
Regulatory distance SPS-and-TBT NTMs−0.21−0.200.23
(0.89)(0.42)(0.34)
Regulatory distance pre-shipment NTMs−1.54***−1.49***−1.64***
(0.84)(0.36)(0.35)
Regulatory distance quantity-control NTMs−30.91***−31.76***−31.30***
(9.45)(2.40)(2.36)
Fixed effectsit, jtit, jtit, jt
No. of observations12,55312,99612,996
R20.8420.9170.965

Notes: Estimations based on the full trade matrix between the 57 countries in our data panel over 2012–2015. *** indicates statistical significance at 1per cent.

Table 6.
Open in new tab

PPML estimates of trade cost parameters, aggregate agrifood sector

Estimate |$\sigma $|Set |$\sigma = 4$|
Domestic andDomestic and
International tradeinternational tradeinternational
flowsflowstrade flows
(1)(2)(3)
ln geographic distance−0.82***−0.82***−0.80***
(0.04)(0.02)(0.02)
Common land border0.48***0.48***0.47***
(0.08)(0.06)(0.06)
Common language0.23***0.23***0.22***
(0.09)(0.08)(0.08)
Common colonial ties0.67***0.67***0.72***
(0.26)(0.23)(0.23)
ln (1 + tariff/100)−1.77***−1.76***−3.00
(0.66)(0.46)
Regulatory distance SPS-and-TBT NTMs−0.21−0.200.23
(0.89)(0.42)(0.34)
Regulatory distance pre-shipment NTMs−1.54***−1.49***−1.64***
(0.84)(0.36)(0.35)
Regulatory distance quantity-control NTMs−30.91***−31.76***−31.30***
(9.45)(2.40)(2.36)
Fixed effectsit, jtit, jtit, jt
No. of observations12,55312,99612,996
R20.8420.9170.965
Estimate |$\sigma $|Set |$\sigma = 4$|
Domestic andDomestic and
International tradeinternational tradeinternational
flowsflowstrade flows
(1)(2)(3)
ln geographic distance−0.82***−0.82***−0.80***
(0.04)(0.02)(0.02)
Common land border0.48***0.48***0.47***
(0.08)(0.06)(0.06)
Common language0.23***0.23***0.22***
(0.09)(0.08)(0.08)
Common colonial ties0.67***0.67***0.72***
(0.26)(0.23)(0.23)
ln (1 + tariff/100)−1.77***−1.76***−3.00
(0.66)(0.46)
Regulatory distance SPS-and-TBT NTMs−0.21−0.200.23
(0.89)(0.42)(0.34)
Regulatory distance pre-shipment NTMs−1.54***−1.49***−1.64***
(0.84)(0.36)(0.35)
Regulatory distance quantity-control NTMs−30.91***−31.76***−31.30***
(9.45)(2.40)(2.36)
Fixed effectsit, jtit, jtit, jt
No. of observations12,55312,99612,996
R20.8420.9170.965

Notes: Estimations based on the full trade matrix between the 57 countries in our data panel over 2012–2015. *** indicates statistical significance at 1per cent.

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