| . | . | UVF (N = 164) . | BVF (N = 46) . | P-value . | Total (N = 210) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year of surgery, n (%) | 1978–1990 | 38 (22.2) | 8 (17.4) | 0.622 | 46 (21.9) |
| 1991–2000 | 39 (23.8) | 10 (21.7) | 49 (23.2) | ||
| 2001–2019 | 87 (53.0) | 28 (60.9) | 115 (54.8) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | Male | 103 (62.8) | 25 (54.3) | 0.402 | 128 (60.9) |
| Ventricle morphology, n (%) | Left | 108 (65.8) | 7 (15.2) | <0.0012 | 115 (54.8) |
| Right | 52 (31.7) | 26 (56.5) | 78 (37.1) | ||
| Indeterminate | 4 (2.4) | 13 (28.3) | 17 (8.1) | ||
| Cardiac position, n (%) | Normal | 157 (95.7) | 39 (84.8) | 0.0162 | 196 (92.9) |
| Dextrocardia/mesocardia | 7 (4.3) | 7 (15.2) | 15 (7.1) | ||
| Isomerism (heterotaxy), n (%) | None | 159 (97.0) | 30 (65.2) | <0.0012 | 189 (90.0) |
| Left | 1 (0.6) | 7 (15.2) | 8 (3.8) | ||
| Right | 4 (2.4) | 9 (19.6) | 13 (6.2) | ||
| Primary diagnosis, n (%) | Tricuspid atresia | 57 (34.8) | 0 (0.0) | <0.0012 | 57 (27.1) |
| HLHS | 35 (21.3) | 0 (0.0) | 35 (16.7) | ||
| Double-inlet left ventricle | 29 (17.7) | 1 (2.2) | 18 (8.6) | ||
| DORV/CAVSD | 5 (3.0) | 7 (15.2) | 12 (5.7) | ||
| Double-outlet right ventricle | 3 (1.8) | 15 (32.6) | 30 (14.3) | ||
| Unbalanced CAVSD | 1 (0.6) | 8 (17.4) | 9 (4.3) | ||
| Mitral atresia | 9 (5.5) | 5 (10.9) | 14 (6.7) | ||
| PA/IVS | 19 (11.6) | 1 (2.2) | 20 (9.5) | ||
| Other | 6 (3.7) | 9 (19.6) | 15 (7.1) | ||
Age (months) at surgery Mean (SD) Median (IQR) | 58.7 (69.9) 39.5 (29–55) | 71.2 (51.0) 60.5 (39–75) | 0.001a | 61.6 (66.4) 41.5 (29–64) | |
| Surgery, n (%) | Atriopulmonary | 38 (23.2) | 7 (15.2) | 0.332 | 45 (21.4) |
| Lateral tunnel | 45 (27.4) | 9 (19.6) | 54 (25.7) | ||
| Extracardiac tunnel | 79 (48.2) | 30 (65.2) | 109 (51.9) | ||
| Other | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.0) | ||
| Fenestration, n (%) | 104 (63.8) | 30 (65.2) | 1.002 | 134 (64.1) | |
| Associated surgery, n (%) | 65 (39.6) | 10 (21.7) | 0.0362 | 75 (35.7) | |
ICU stay (days) Mean (SD) Median (IQR) | 4.0 (6.3) 2 (1–4) | 6.4 (10.7) 3.0 (2–5) | 0.004a | 4.5 (7.5) 2 (2–4) | |
Chest tube drain (days) Mean (SD) Median (IQR) | 6.6 (7.7) 4 (2–8) | 9.5 (8.7) 6 (5–12) | 0.038a | 7.2 (8.0) 5 (2–8) | |
| Arrhythmia, n (%) | 23 (15.0) | 6 (14.3) | 1.00b | 29 (14.9) | |
| Postoperative low cardiac output syndrome, n (%) | 15 (11.9) | 5 (19.2) | 0.34b | 20 (13.2) | |
| Early death, n (%) | 13 (7.9) | 5 (10.9) | 0.55b | 18 (8.6) | |
| Overall early morbidity, n (%) | 31 (18.9) | 11 (23.9) | 0.53b | 42 (20.0) |
| . | . | UVF (N = 164) . | BVF (N = 46) . | P-value . | Total (N = 210) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year of surgery, n (%) | 1978–1990 | 38 (22.2) | 8 (17.4) | 0.622 | 46 (21.9) |
| 1991–2000 | 39 (23.8) | 10 (21.7) | 49 (23.2) | ||
| 2001–2019 | 87 (53.0) | 28 (60.9) | 115 (54.8) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | Male | 103 (62.8) | 25 (54.3) | 0.402 | 128 (60.9) |
| Ventricle morphology, n (%) | Left | 108 (65.8) | 7 (15.2) | <0.0012 | 115 (54.8) |
| Right | 52 (31.7) | 26 (56.5) | 78 (37.1) | ||
| Indeterminate | 4 (2.4) | 13 (28.3) | 17 (8.1) | ||
| Cardiac position, n (%) | Normal | 157 (95.7) | 39 (84.8) | 0.0162 | 196 (92.9) |
| Dextrocardia/mesocardia | 7 (4.3) | 7 (15.2) | 15 (7.1) | ||
| Isomerism (heterotaxy), n (%) | None | 159 (97.0) | 30 (65.2) | <0.0012 | 189 (90.0) |
| Left | 1 (0.6) | 7 (15.2) | 8 (3.8) | ||
| Right | 4 (2.4) | 9 (19.6) | 13 (6.2) | ||
| Primary diagnosis, n (%) | Tricuspid atresia | 57 (34.8) | 0 (0.0) | <0.0012 | 57 (27.1) |
| HLHS | 35 (21.3) | 0 (0.0) | 35 (16.7) | ||
| Double-inlet left ventricle | 29 (17.7) | 1 (2.2) | 18 (8.6) | ||
| DORV/CAVSD | 5 (3.0) | 7 (15.2) | 12 (5.7) | ||
| Double-outlet right ventricle | 3 (1.8) | 15 (32.6) | 30 (14.3) | ||
| Unbalanced CAVSD | 1 (0.6) | 8 (17.4) | 9 (4.3) | ||
| Mitral atresia | 9 (5.5) | 5 (10.9) | 14 (6.7) | ||
| PA/IVS | 19 (11.6) | 1 (2.2) | 20 (9.5) | ||
| Other | 6 (3.7) | 9 (19.6) | 15 (7.1) | ||
Age (months) at surgery Mean (SD) Median (IQR) | 58.7 (69.9) 39.5 (29–55) | 71.2 (51.0) 60.5 (39–75) | 0.001a | 61.6 (66.4) 41.5 (29–64) | |
| Surgery, n (%) | Atriopulmonary | 38 (23.2) | 7 (15.2) | 0.332 | 45 (21.4) |
| Lateral tunnel | 45 (27.4) | 9 (19.6) | 54 (25.7) | ||
| Extracardiac tunnel | 79 (48.2) | 30 (65.2) | 109 (51.9) | ||
| Other | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.0) | ||
| Fenestration, n (%) | 104 (63.8) | 30 (65.2) | 1.002 | 134 (64.1) | |
| Associated surgery, n (%) | 65 (39.6) | 10 (21.7) | 0.0362 | 75 (35.7) | |
ICU stay (days) Mean (SD) Median (IQR) | 4.0 (6.3) 2 (1–4) | 6.4 (10.7) 3.0 (2–5) | 0.004a | 4.5 (7.5) 2 (2–4) | |
Chest tube drain (days) Mean (SD) Median (IQR) | 6.6 (7.7) 4 (2–8) | 9.5 (8.7) 6 (5–12) | 0.038a | 7.2 (8.0) 5 (2–8) | |
| Arrhythmia, n (%) | 23 (15.0) | 6 (14.3) | 1.00b | 29 (14.9) | |
| Postoperative low cardiac output syndrome, n (%) | 15 (11.9) | 5 (19.2) | 0.34b | 20 (13.2) | |
| Early death, n (%) | 13 (7.9) | 5 (10.9) | 0.55b | 18 (8.6) | |
| Overall early morbidity, n (%) | 31 (18.9) | 11 (23.9) | 0.53b | 42 (20.0) |
Wilcoxon test.
Fisher's exact test.
BVF: biventricular Fontan; CAVSD: common atrioventricular septal defect; DORV: double-outlet right ventricle; HLHS: hypoplastic left heart syndrome; ICU: intensive care unit; IQR: interquartile range; IVS: intact ventricular septum; PA: pulmonary atresia; SD: standard deviation; UVF: univentricular Fontan.
Boldface are those values which are statistically significant.
| . | . | UVF (N = 164) . | BVF (N = 46) . | P-value . | Total (N = 210) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year of surgery, n (%) | 1978–1990 | 38 (22.2) | 8 (17.4) | 0.622 | 46 (21.9) |
| 1991–2000 | 39 (23.8) | 10 (21.7) | 49 (23.2) | ||
| 2001–2019 | 87 (53.0) | 28 (60.9) | 115 (54.8) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | Male | 103 (62.8) | 25 (54.3) | 0.402 | 128 (60.9) |
| Ventricle morphology, n (%) | Left | 108 (65.8) | 7 (15.2) | <0.0012 | 115 (54.8) |
| Right | 52 (31.7) | 26 (56.5) | 78 (37.1) | ||
| Indeterminate | 4 (2.4) | 13 (28.3) | 17 (8.1) | ||
| Cardiac position, n (%) | Normal | 157 (95.7) | 39 (84.8) | 0.0162 | 196 (92.9) |
| Dextrocardia/mesocardia | 7 (4.3) | 7 (15.2) | 15 (7.1) | ||
| Isomerism (heterotaxy), n (%) | None | 159 (97.0) | 30 (65.2) | <0.0012 | 189 (90.0) |
| Left | 1 (0.6) | 7 (15.2) | 8 (3.8) | ||
| Right | 4 (2.4) | 9 (19.6) | 13 (6.2) | ||
| Primary diagnosis, n (%) | Tricuspid atresia | 57 (34.8) | 0 (0.0) | <0.0012 | 57 (27.1) |
| HLHS | 35 (21.3) | 0 (0.0) | 35 (16.7) | ||
| Double-inlet left ventricle | 29 (17.7) | 1 (2.2) | 18 (8.6) | ||
| DORV/CAVSD | 5 (3.0) | 7 (15.2) | 12 (5.7) | ||
| Double-outlet right ventricle | 3 (1.8) | 15 (32.6) | 30 (14.3) | ||
| Unbalanced CAVSD | 1 (0.6) | 8 (17.4) | 9 (4.3) | ||
| Mitral atresia | 9 (5.5) | 5 (10.9) | 14 (6.7) | ||
| PA/IVS | 19 (11.6) | 1 (2.2) | 20 (9.5) | ||
| Other | 6 (3.7) | 9 (19.6) | 15 (7.1) | ||
Age (months) at surgery Mean (SD) Median (IQR) | 58.7 (69.9) 39.5 (29–55) | 71.2 (51.0) 60.5 (39–75) | 0.001a | 61.6 (66.4) 41.5 (29–64) | |
| Surgery, n (%) | Atriopulmonary | 38 (23.2) | 7 (15.2) | 0.332 | 45 (21.4) |
| Lateral tunnel | 45 (27.4) | 9 (19.6) | 54 (25.7) | ||
| Extracardiac tunnel | 79 (48.2) | 30 (65.2) | 109 (51.9) | ||
| Other | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.0) | ||
| Fenestration, n (%) | 104 (63.8) | 30 (65.2) | 1.002 | 134 (64.1) | |
| Associated surgery, n (%) | 65 (39.6) | 10 (21.7) | 0.0362 | 75 (35.7) | |
ICU stay (days) Mean (SD) Median (IQR) | 4.0 (6.3) 2 (1–4) | 6.4 (10.7) 3.0 (2–5) | 0.004a | 4.5 (7.5) 2 (2–4) | |
Chest tube drain (days) Mean (SD) Median (IQR) | 6.6 (7.7) 4 (2–8) | 9.5 (8.7) 6 (5–12) | 0.038a | 7.2 (8.0) 5 (2–8) | |
| Arrhythmia, n (%) | 23 (15.0) | 6 (14.3) | 1.00b | 29 (14.9) | |
| Postoperative low cardiac output syndrome, n (%) | 15 (11.9) | 5 (19.2) | 0.34b | 20 (13.2) | |
| Early death, n (%) | 13 (7.9) | 5 (10.9) | 0.55b | 18 (8.6) | |
| Overall early morbidity, n (%) | 31 (18.9) | 11 (23.9) | 0.53b | 42 (20.0) |
| . | . | UVF (N = 164) . | BVF (N = 46) . | P-value . | Total (N = 210) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year of surgery, n (%) | 1978–1990 | 38 (22.2) | 8 (17.4) | 0.622 | 46 (21.9) |
| 1991–2000 | 39 (23.8) | 10 (21.7) | 49 (23.2) | ||
| 2001–2019 | 87 (53.0) | 28 (60.9) | 115 (54.8) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | Male | 103 (62.8) | 25 (54.3) | 0.402 | 128 (60.9) |
| Ventricle morphology, n (%) | Left | 108 (65.8) | 7 (15.2) | <0.0012 | 115 (54.8) |
| Right | 52 (31.7) | 26 (56.5) | 78 (37.1) | ||
| Indeterminate | 4 (2.4) | 13 (28.3) | 17 (8.1) | ||
| Cardiac position, n (%) | Normal | 157 (95.7) | 39 (84.8) | 0.0162 | 196 (92.9) |
| Dextrocardia/mesocardia | 7 (4.3) | 7 (15.2) | 15 (7.1) | ||
| Isomerism (heterotaxy), n (%) | None | 159 (97.0) | 30 (65.2) | <0.0012 | 189 (90.0) |
| Left | 1 (0.6) | 7 (15.2) | 8 (3.8) | ||
| Right | 4 (2.4) | 9 (19.6) | 13 (6.2) | ||
| Primary diagnosis, n (%) | Tricuspid atresia | 57 (34.8) | 0 (0.0) | <0.0012 | 57 (27.1) |
| HLHS | 35 (21.3) | 0 (0.0) | 35 (16.7) | ||
| Double-inlet left ventricle | 29 (17.7) | 1 (2.2) | 18 (8.6) | ||
| DORV/CAVSD | 5 (3.0) | 7 (15.2) | 12 (5.7) | ||
| Double-outlet right ventricle | 3 (1.8) | 15 (32.6) | 30 (14.3) | ||
| Unbalanced CAVSD | 1 (0.6) | 8 (17.4) | 9 (4.3) | ||
| Mitral atresia | 9 (5.5) | 5 (10.9) | 14 (6.7) | ||
| PA/IVS | 19 (11.6) | 1 (2.2) | 20 (9.5) | ||
| Other | 6 (3.7) | 9 (19.6) | 15 (7.1) | ||
Age (months) at surgery Mean (SD) Median (IQR) | 58.7 (69.9) 39.5 (29–55) | 71.2 (51.0) 60.5 (39–75) | 0.001a | 61.6 (66.4) 41.5 (29–64) | |
| Surgery, n (%) | Atriopulmonary | 38 (23.2) | 7 (15.2) | 0.332 | 45 (21.4) |
| Lateral tunnel | 45 (27.4) | 9 (19.6) | 54 (25.7) | ||
| Extracardiac tunnel | 79 (48.2) | 30 (65.2) | 109 (51.9) | ||
| Other | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.0) | ||
| Fenestration, n (%) | 104 (63.8) | 30 (65.2) | 1.002 | 134 (64.1) | |
| Associated surgery, n (%) | 65 (39.6) | 10 (21.7) | 0.0362 | 75 (35.7) | |
ICU stay (days) Mean (SD) Median (IQR) | 4.0 (6.3) 2 (1–4) | 6.4 (10.7) 3.0 (2–5) | 0.004a | 4.5 (7.5) 2 (2–4) | |
Chest tube drain (days) Mean (SD) Median (IQR) | 6.6 (7.7) 4 (2–8) | 9.5 (8.7) 6 (5–12) | 0.038a | 7.2 (8.0) 5 (2–8) | |
| Arrhythmia, n (%) | 23 (15.0) | 6 (14.3) | 1.00b | 29 (14.9) | |
| Postoperative low cardiac output syndrome, n (%) | 15 (11.9) | 5 (19.2) | 0.34b | 20 (13.2) | |
| Early death, n (%) | 13 (7.9) | 5 (10.9) | 0.55b | 18 (8.6) | |
| Overall early morbidity, n (%) | 31 (18.9) | 11 (23.9) | 0.53b | 42 (20.0) |
Wilcoxon test.
Fisher's exact test.
BVF: biventricular Fontan; CAVSD: common atrioventricular septal defect; DORV: double-outlet right ventricle; HLHS: hypoplastic left heart syndrome; ICU: intensive care unit; IQR: interquartile range; IVS: intact ventricular septum; PA: pulmonary atresia; SD: standard deviation; UVF: univentricular Fontan.
Boldface are those values which are statistically significant.
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