| Outcomes . | Marginal means (Std errors)* . | Group effect . | Time effect . | Time × Group effect . | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAC . | Placebo . | ||||||||||||||
| T1 n = 42 . | T2 n = 35 . | T3 n = 29 . | T4 n = 21 . | T1 n = 43 . | T2 n = 40 . | T3 n = 34 . | T4 n = 22 . | F(1,df) . | p . | F(3,df) . | p . | F(3,df) . | p . | η2 . | |
| Symptoms (score range) | |||||||||||||||
| PANSS negative(7-49) | 21.10 (0.87) | 19.99 (0.92) | 19.12 (1.00) | 18.01(1.03) | 20.75 (0.86) | 18.32 (0.88) | 18.20 (0.90) | 16.78 (1.00) | 0.98 | .325 | 12.59 | <.001 | 0.60 | .616 | .003 |
| PANSS positive(7-49) | 17.34 (0.97) | 16.27 (1.00) | 16.28 (1.04) | 15.07 (1.10) | 18.37 (0.95) | 15.81 (0.96) | 15.50 (0.99) | 14.85 (1.07) | 0.01 | .928 | 10.14 | <.001 | 1.28 | .282 | .003 |
| PANSS General (16-112) | 34.81 (1.17) | 33.42 (1.25) | 34.28 (1.32) | 31.27 (1.46) | 36.50 (1.15) | 33.76 (1.19) | 34.07 (1.23) | 33.55 (1.42) | 0.58 | .449 | 4.29 | .006 | 0.76 | .521 | .005 |
| PANSS depression (3-21) | 7.20 (0.49) | 6.23 (0.51) | 6.83(0.53) | 5.92 (0.57) | 8.15 (0.48) | 7.40 (0.49) | 7.19 (0.50) | 8.08 (0.55) | 3.73 | .057 | 4.21 | .007 | 2.70 | .047 | .012 |
| Calgary Depression(0-27) | 1.63 (1.15) | 1.01 (1.15) | 1.69 (1.16) | 1.09 (1.17) | 2.18 (1.15) | 2.66 (1.15) | 2.79 (1.15) | 3.08 (1.17) | 7.23 | .009 | 1.32 | .269 | 3.38 | .020 | .012 |
| Extrapyramidal Symptoms (0-26) | 1.78 (0.34) | 1.47 (0.37) | 1.00 (0.40) | 0.30(0.45) | 1.21 (0.33) | 1.07 (0.34) | 1.51 (0.36) | 0.89 (0.44) | 0.01 | .920 | 1.99 | .118 | 1.45 | .229 | .019 |
| MATRICS T-scores | |||||||||||||||
| OvComp | 25.25 (2.13) | 30.57 (2.18) | 31.00 (2.27) | 31.03 (2.33) | 25.29 (2.01) | 29.16 (2.03) | 30.70 (2.07) | 29.09 (2.24) | 0.11 | .737 | 16.13 | <.001 | 0.46 | .710 | .006 |
| PS | 34.76 (2.10) | 36.72 (2.17) | 37.62 (2.24) | 37.45 (2.35) | 34.78 (2.08) | 37.42 (2.10) | 37.94 (2.15) | 38.47 (2.32) | 0.04 | .847 | 4.09 | .008 | 0.08 | .971 | .004 |
| ATT | 30.05 (2.14 | 35.69 (2.22) | 33.14 (2.29) | 32.12 (2.44) | 31.06 (2.05) | 35.37 (2.08) | 36.24 (2.14) | 34.20 (2.40) | 0.32 | .573 | 7.56 | <.001 | 0.73 | .537 | .005 |
| WM | 35.12 (2.02) | 34.76 (2.07) | 36.89 (2.14) | 36.07 (2.24) | 35.33 (2.00) | 37.69 (2.01) | 38.68 (2.06) | 37.16 (2.20) | 0.35 | .558 | 2.51 | .061 | 0.84 | .471 | .003 |
| VerL | 28.72 (1.25) | 32.63 (1.32) | 34.00 (1.41) | 34.65(1.54) | 29.57 (1.24) | 32.84 (1.27) | 33.90 (1.33) | 32.85 (1.52) | 0.02 | .887 | 12.65 | <.001 | 0.58 | .631 | .005 |
| VisL | 29.17 (2.43) | 36.21 (2.53) | 34.02 (2.63) | 38.61 (2.76) | 32.62 (2.40) | 35.68 (2.44) | 38.26 (2.50) | 36.41 (2.72) | 0.17 | .684 | 10.21 | <.001 | 2.50 | .061 | .006 |
| RaPs | 40.35(1.60) | 43.25 (1.69) | 41.84 (1.77) | 41.46 (1.90) | 38.24 (1.59) | 39.34 (1.62) | 42.06 (1.67) | 39.75 (1.87) | 0.93 | .337 | 2.76 | .044 | 1.39 | .247 | .003 |
| SC | 34.11 (2.27) | 36.88 (2.35) | 37.30 (2.52) | 35.72 (2.58) | 36.45 (2.19) | 37.79 (2.22) | 35.87 (2.29) | 37.87 (2.48) | 0.12 | .725 | 1.13 | .340 | 0.88 | .452 | .008 |
| Safety/Side effects measure | |||||||||||||||
| SAFTEE (SQRT) | 5.56 (.323) | 4.73 (.329) | 4.63 (.336) | 4.40 (.370) | 5.86 (.311) | 5.37 (.311) | 5.27 (.319) | 5.33 (.345) | 2.47 | .120 | 11.11 | <.001 | 1.04 | .379 | .008 |
| Quality of life measures | |||||||||||||||
| MANSA QoL | 55.44 (1.94) | 59.58 (2.10) | 54.68 (2.27) | 59.64 (2.49) | 54.54 (1.89) | 57.24 (1.99) | 57.92 (2.06) | 55.37 (2.36) | 0.98 | .325 | 2.43 | .067 | 2.04 | .111 | .019 |
| AQoL | 20.06 (0.70) | 18.00 (0.72) | 18.86 (0.75) | 18.70 (0.80) | 20.21 (0.68) | 19.14 (0.70) | 19.58 (0.71) | 18.90 (0.78) | 0.43 | .514 | 5.79 | .001 | 0.67 | .569 | .003 |
| Outcomes . | Marginal means (Std errors)* . | Group effect . | Time effect . | Time × Group effect . | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAC . | Placebo . | ||||||||||||||
| T1 n = 42 . | T2 n = 35 . | T3 n = 29 . | T4 n = 21 . | T1 n = 43 . | T2 n = 40 . | T3 n = 34 . | T4 n = 22 . | F(1,df) . | p . | F(3,df) . | p . | F(3,df) . | p . | η2 . | |
| Symptoms (score range) | |||||||||||||||
| PANSS negative(7-49) | 21.10 (0.87) | 19.99 (0.92) | 19.12 (1.00) | 18.01(1.03) | 20.75 (0.86) | 18.32 (0.88) | 18.20 (0.90) | 16.78 (1.00) | 0.98 | .325 | 12.59 | <.001 | 0.60 | .616 | .003 |
| PANSS positive(7-49) | 17.34 (0.97) | 16.27 (1.00) | 16.28 (1.04) | 15.07 (1.10) | 18.37 (0.95) | 15.81 (0.96) | 15.50 (0.99) | 14.85 (1.07) | 0.01 | .928 | 10.14 | <.001 | 1.28 | .282 | .003 |
| PANSS General (16-112) | 34.81 (1.17) | 33.42 (1.25) | 34.28 (1.32) | 31.27 (1.46) | 36.50 (1.15) | 33.76 (1.19) | 34.07 (1.23) | 33.55 (1.42) | 0.58 | .449 | 4.29 | .006 | 0.76 | .521 | .005 |
| PANSS depression (3-21) | 7.20 (0.49) | 6.23 (0.51) | 6.83(0.53) | 5.92 (0.57) | 8.15 (0.48) | 7.40 (0.49) | 7.19 (0.50) | 8.08 (0.55) | 3.73 | .057 | 4.21 | .007 | 2.70 | .047 | .012 |
| Calgary Depression(0-27) | 1.63 (1.15) | 1.01 (1.15) | 1.69 (1.16) | 1.09 (1.17) | 2.18 (1.15) | 2.66 (1.15) | 2.79 (1.15) | 3.08 (1.17) | 7.23 | .009 | 1.32 | .269 | 3.38 | .020 | .012 |
| Extrapyramidal Symptoms (0-26) | 1.78 (0.34) | 1.47 (0.37) | 1.00 (0.40) | 0.30(0.45) | 1.21 (0.33) | 1.07 (0.34) | 1.51 (0.36) | 0.89 (0.44) | 0.01 | .920 | 1.99 | .118 | 1.45 | .229 | .019 |
| MATRICS T-scores | |||||||||||||||
| OvComp | 25.25 (2.13) | 30.57 (2.18) | 31.00 (2.27) | 31.03 (2.33) | 25.29 (2.01) | 29.16 (2.03) | 30.70 (2.07) | 29.09 (2.24) | 0.11 | .737 | 16.13 | <.001 | 0.46 | .710 | .006 |
| PS | 34.76 (2.10) | 36.72 (2.17) | 37.62 (2.24) | 37.45 (2.35) | 34.78 (2.08) | 37.42 (2.10) | 37.94 (2.15) | 38.47 (2.32) | 0.04 | .847 | 4.09 | .008 | 0.08 | .971 | .004 |
| ATT | 30.05 (2.14 | 35.69 (2.22) | 33.14 (2.29) | 32.12 (2.44) | 31.06 (2.05) | 35.37 (2.08) | 36.24 (2.14) | 34.20 (2.40) | 0.32 | .573 | 7.56 | <.001 | 0.73 | .537 | .005 |
| WM | 35.12 (2.02) | 34.76 (2.07) | 36.89 (2.14) | 36.07 (2.24) | 35.33 (2.00) | 37.69 (2.01) | 38.68 (2.06) | 37.16 (2.20) | 0.35 | .558 | 2.51 | .061 | 0.84 | .471 | .003 |
| VerL | 28.72 (1.25) | 32.63 (1.32) | 34.00 (1.41) | 34.65(1.54) | 29.57 (1.24) | 32.84 (1.27) | 33.90 (1.33) | 32.85 (1.52) | 0.02 | .887 | 12.65 | <.001 | 0.58 | .631 | .005 |
| VisL | 29.17 (2.43) | 36.21 (2.53) | 34.02 (2.63) | 38.61 (2.76) | 32.62 (2.40) | 35.68 (2.44) | 38.26 (2.50) | 36.41 (2.72) | 0.17 | .684 | 10.21 | <.001 | 2.50 | .061 | .006 |
| RaPs | 40.35(1.60) | 43.25 (1.69) | 41.84 (1.77) | 41.46 (1.90) | 38.24 (1.59) | 39.34 (1.62) | 42.06 (1.67) | 39.75 (1.87) | 0.93 | .337 | 2.76 | .044 | 1.39 | .247 | .003 |
| SC | 34.11 (2.27) | 36.88 (2.35) | 37.30 (2.52) | 35.72 (2.58) | 36.45 (2.19) | 37.79 (2.22) | 35.87 (2.29) | 37.87 (2.48) | 0.12 | .725 | 1.13 | .340 | 0.88 | .452 | .008 |
| Safety/Side effects measure | |||||||||||||||
| SAFTEE (SQRT) | 5.56 (.323) | 4.73 (.329) | 4.63 (.336) | 4.40 (.370) | 5.86 (.311) | 5.37 (.311) | 5.27 (.319) | 5.33 (.345) | 2.47 | .120 | 11.11 | <.001 | 1.04 | .379 | .008 |
| Quality of life measures | |||||||||||||||
| MANSA QoL | 55.44 (1.94) | 59.58 (2.10) | 54.68 (2.27) | 59.64 (2.49) | 54.54 (1.89) | 57.24 (1.99) | 57.92 (2.06) | 55.37 (2.36) | 0.98 | .325 | 2.43 | .067 | 2.04 | .111 | .019 |
| AQoL | 20.06 (0.70) | 18.00 (0.72) | 18.86 (0.75) | 18.70 (0.80) | 20.21 (0.68) | 19.14 (0.70) | 19.58 (0.71) | 18.90 (0.78) | 0.43 | .514 | 5.79 | .001 | 0.67 | .569 | .003 |
Note: Grey rows relate to primary and secondary outcomes. Data in bold refer to significant differences. T1: baseline, T2: 8 weeks, T3: 24 weeks, T4: 52 weeks, df: degrees of freedom. OvComp (overall composite), PS (processing speed), ATT (attention/vigilance), WM (working memory), VerL (verbal learning), VisL (visual learning), RaPs (reasoning and problem solving), SC (social cognition), SAFTEE (SQRT) systematic inquiry about emergent clinical events–square root, MANSA QoL (Manchester short assessment of quality of life), AQoL (assessment of quality of life).
Marginal means and standard error reported as controlling for study site.
| Outcomes . | Marginal means (Std errors)* . | Group effect . | Time effect . | Time × Group effect . | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAC . | Placebo . | ||||||||||||||
| T1 n = 42 . | T2 n = 35 . | T3 n = 29 . | T4 n = 21 . | T1 n = 43 . | T2 n = 40 . | T3 n = 34 . | T4 n = 22 . | F(1,df) . | p . | F(3,df) . | p . | F(3,df) . | p . | η2 . | |
| Symptoms (score range) | |||||||||||||||
| PANSS negative(7-49) | 21.10 (0.87) | 19.99 (0.92) | 19.12 (1.00) | 18.01(1.03) | 20.75 (0.86) | 18.32 (0.88) | 18.20 (0.90) | 16.78 (1.00) | 0.98 | .325 | 12.59 | <.001 | 0.60 | .616 | .003 |
| PANSS positive(7-49) | 17.34 (0.97) | 16.27 (1.00) | 16.28 (1.04) | 15.07 (1.10) | 18.37 (0.95) | 15.81 (0.96) | 15.50 (0.99) | 14.85 (1.07) | 0.01 | .928 | 10.14 | <.001 | 1.28 | .282 | .003 |
| PANSS General (16-112) | 34.81 (1.17) | 33.42 (1.25) | 34.28 (1.32) | 31.27 (1.46) | 36.50 (1.15) | 33.76 (1.19) | 34.07 (1.23) | 33.55 (1.42) | 0.58 | .449 | 4.29 | .006 | 0.76 | .521 | .005 |
| PANSS depression (3-21) | 7.20 (0.49) | 6.23 (0.51) | 6.83(0.53) | 5.92 (0.57) | 8.15 (0.48) | 7.40 (0.49) | 7.19 (0.50) | 8.08 (0.55) | 3.73 | .057 | 4.21 | .007 | 2.70 | .047 | .012 |
| Calgary Depression(0-27) | 1.63 (1.15) | 1.01 (1.15) | 1.69 (1.16) | 1.09 (1.17) | 2.18 (1.15) | 2.66 (1.15) | 2.79 (1.15) | 3.08 (1.17) | 7.23 | .009 | 1.32 | .269 | 3.38 | .020 | .012 |
| Extrapyramidal Symptoms (0-26) | 1.78 (0.34) | 1.47 (0.37) | 1.00 (0.40) | 0.30(0.45) | 1.21 (0.33) | 1.07 (0.34) | 1.51 (0.36) | 0.89 (0.44) | 0.01 | .920 | 1.99 | .118 | 1.45 | .229 | .019 |
| MATRICS T-scores | |||||||||||||||
| OvComp | 25.25 (2.13) | 30.57 (2.18) | 31.00 (2.27) | 31.03 (2.33) | 25.29 (2.01) | 29.16 (2.03) | 30.70 (2.07) | 29.09 (2.24) | 0.11 | .737 | 16.13 | <.001 | 0.46 | .710 | .006 |
| PS | 34.76 (2.10) | 36.72 (2.17) | 37.62 (2.24) | 37.45 (2.35) | 34.78 (2.08) | 37.42 (2.10) | 37.94 (2.15) | 38.47 (2.32) | 0.04 | .847 | 4.09 | .008 | 0.08 | .971 | .004 |
| ATT | 30.05 (2.14 | 35.69 (2.22) | 33.14 (2.29) | 32.12 (2.44) | 31.06 (2.05) | 35.37 (2.08) | 36.24 (2.14) | 34.20 (2.40) | 0.32 | .573 | 7.56 | <.001 | 0.73 | .537 | .005 |
| WM | 35.12 (2.02) | 34.76 (2.07) | 36.89 (2.14) | 36.07 (2.24) | 35.33 (2.00) | 37.69 (2.01) | 38.68 (2.06) | 37.16 (2.20) | 0.35 | .558 | 2.51 | .061 | 0.84 | .471 | .003 |
| VerL | 28.72 (1.25) | 32.63 (1.32) | 34.00 (1.41) | 34.65(1.54) | 29.57 (1.24) | 32.84 (1.27) | 33.90 (1.33) | 32.85 (1.52) | 0.02 | .887 | 12.65 | <.001 | 0.58 | .631 | .005 |
| VisL | 29.17 (2.43) | 36.21 (2.53) | 34.02 (2.63) | 38.61 (2.76) | 32.62 (2.40) | 35.68 (2.44) | 38.26 (2.50) | 36.41 (2.72) | 0.17 | .684 | 10.21 | <.001 | 2.50 | .061 | .006 |
| RaPs | 40.35(1.60) | 43.25 (1.69) | 41.84 (1.77) | 41.46 (1.90) | 38.24 (1.59) | 39.34 (1.62) | 42.06 (1.67) | 39.75 (1.87) | 0.93 | .337 | 2.76 | .044 | 1.39 | .247 | .003 |
| SC | 34.11 (2.27) | 36.88 (2.35) | 37.30 (2.52) | 35.72 (2.58) | 36.45 (2.19) | 37.79 (2.22) | 35.87 (2.29) | 37.87 (2.48) | 0.12 | .725 | 1.13 | .340 | 0.88 | .452 | .008 |
| Safety/Side effects measure | |||||||||||||||
| SAFTEE (SQRT) | 5.56 (.323) | 4.73 (.329) | 4.63 (.336) | 4.40 (.370) | 5.86 (.311) | 5.37 (.311) | 5.27 (.319) | 5.33 (.345) | 2.47 | .120 | 11.11 | <.001 | 1.04 | .379 | .008 |
| Quality of life measures | |||||||||||||||
| MANSA QoL | 55.44 (1.94) | 59.58 (2.10) | 54.68 (2.27) | 59.64 (2.49) | 54.54 (1.89) | 57.24 (1.99) | 57.92 (2.06) | 55.37 (2.36) | 0.98 | .325 | 2.43 | .067 | 2.04 | .111 | .019 |
| AQoL | 20.06 (0.70) | 18.00 (0.72) | 18.86 (0.75) | 18.70 (0.80) | 20.21 (0.68) | 19.14 (0.70) | 19.58 (0.71) | 18.90 (0.78) | 0.43 | .514 | 5.79 | .001 | 0.67 | .569 | .003 |
| Outcomes . | Marginal means (Std errors)* . | Group effect . | Time effect . | Time × Group effect . | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAC . | Placebo . | ||||||||||||||
| T1 n = 42 . | T2 n = 35 . | T3 n = 29 . | T4 n = 21 . | T1 n = 43 . | T2 n = 40 . | T3 n = 34 . | T4 n = 22 . | F(1,df) . | p . | F(3,df) . | p . | F(3,df) . | p . | η2 . | |
| Symptoms (score range) | |||||||||||||||
| PANSS negative(7-49) | 21.10 (0.87) | 19.99 (0.92) | 19.12 (1.00) | 18.01(1.03) | 20.75 (0.86) | 18.32 (0.88) | 18.20 (0.90) | 16.78 (1.00) | 0.98 | .325 | 12.59 | <.001 | 0.60 | .616 | .003 |
| PANSS positive(7-49) | 17.34 (0.97) | 16.27 (1.00) | 16.28 (1.04) | 15.07 (1.10) | 18.37 (0.95) | 15.81 (0.96) | 15.50 (0.99) | 14.85 (1.07) | 0.01 | .928 | 10.14 | <.001 | 1.28 | .282 | .003 |
| PANSS General (16-112) | 34.81 (1.17) | 33.42 (1.25) | 34.28 (1.32) | 31.27 (1.46) | 36.50 (1.15) | 33.76 (1.19) | 34.07 (1.23) | 33.55 (1.42) | 0.58 | .449 | 4.29 | .006 | 0.76 | .521 | .005 |
| PANSS depression (3-21) | 7.20 (0.49) | 6.23 (0.51) | 6.83(0.53) | 5.92 (0.57) | 8.15 (0.48) | 7.40 (0.49) | 7.19 (0.50) | 8.08 (0.55) | 3.73 | .057 | 4.21 | .007 | 2.70 | .047 | .012 |
| Calgary Depression(0-27) | 1.63 (1.15) | 1.01 (1.15) | 1.69 (1.16) | 1.09 (1.17) | 2.18 (1.15) | 2.66 (1.15) | 2.79 (1.15) | 3.08 (1.17) | 7.23 | .009 | 1.32 | .269 | 3.38 | .020 | .012 |
| Extrapyramidal Symptoms (0-26) | 1.78 (0.34) | 1.47 (0.37) | 1.00 (0.40) | 0.30(0.45) | 1.21 (0.33) | 1.07 (0.34) | 1.51 (0.36) | 0.89 (0.44) | 0.01 | .920 | 1.99 | .118 | 1.45 | .229 | .019 |
| MATRICS T-scores | |||||||||||||||
| OvComp | 25.25 (2.13) | 30.57 (2.18) | 31.00 (2.27) | 31.03 (2.33) | 25.29 (2.01) | 29.16 (2.03) | 30.70 (2.07) | 29.09 (2.24) | 0.11 | .737 | 16.13 | <.001 | 0.46 | .710 | .006 |
| PS | 34.76 (2.10) | 36.72 (2.17) | 37.62 (2.24) | 37.45 (2.35) | 34.78 (2.08) | 37.42 (2.10) | 37.94 (2.15) | 38.47 (2.32) | 0.04 | .847 | 4.09 | .008 | 0.08 | .971 | .004 |
| ATT | 30.05 (2.14 | 35.69 (2.22) | 33.14 (2.29) | 32.12 (2.44) | 31.06 (2.05) | 35.37 (2.08) | 36.24 (2.14) | 34.20 (2.40) | 0.32 | .573 | 7.56 | <.001 | 0.73 | .537 | .005 |
| WM | 35.12 (2.02) | 34.76 (2.07) | 36.89 (2.14) | 36.07 (2.24) | 35.33 (2.00) | 37.69 (2.01) | 38.68 (2.06) | 37.16 (2.20) | 0.35 | .558 | 2.51 | .061 | 0.84 | .471 | .003 |
| VerL | 28.72 (1.25) | 32.63 (1.32) | 34.00 (1.41) | 34.65(1.54) | 29.57 (1.24) | 32.84 (1.27) | 33.90 (1.33) | 32.85 (1.52) | 0.02 | .887 | 12.65 | <.001 | 0.58 | .631 | .005 |
| VisL | 29.17 (2.43) | 36.21 (2.53) | 34.02 (2.63) | 38.61 (2.76) | 32.62 (2.40) | 35.68 (2.44) | 38.26 (2.50) | 36.41 (2.72) | 0.17 | .684 | 10.21 | <.001 | 2.50 | .061 | .006 |
| RaPs | 40.35(1.60) | 43.25 (1.69) | 41.84 (1.77) | 41.46 (1.90) | 38.24 (1.59) | 39.34 (1.62) | 42.06 (1.67) | 39.75 (1.87) | 0.93 | .337 | 2.76 | .044 | 1.39 | .247 | .003 |
| SC | 34.11 (2.27) | 36.88 (2.35) | 37.30 (2.52) | 35.72 (2.58) | 36.45 (2.19) | 37.79 (2.22) | 35.87 (2.29) | 37.87 (2.48) | 0.12 | .725 | 1.13 | .340 | 0.88 | .452 | .008 |
| Safety/Side effects measure | |||||||||||||||
| SAFTEE (SQRT) | 5.56 (.323) | 4.73 (.329) | 4.63 (.336) | 4.40 (.370) | 5.86 (.311) | 5.37 (.311) | 5.27 (.319) | 5.33 (.345) | 2.47 | .120 | 11.11 | <.001 | 1.04 | .379 | .008 |
| Quality of life measures | |||||||||||||||
| MANSA QoL | 55.44 (1.94) | 59.58 (2.10) | 54.68 (2.27) | 59.64 (2.49) | 54.54 (1.89) | 57.24 (1.99) | 57.92 (2.06) | 55.37 (2.36) | 0.98 | .325 | 2.43 | .067 | 2.04 | .111 | .019 |
| AQoL | 20.06 (0.70) | 18.00 (0.72) | 18.86 (0.75) | 18.70 (0.80) | 20.21 (0.68) | 19.14 (0.70) | 19.58 (0.71) | 18.90 (0.78) | 0.43 | .514 | 5.79 | .001 | 0.67 | .569 | .003 |
Note: Grey rows relate to primary and secondary outcomes. Data in bold refer to significant differences. T1: baseline, T2: 8 weeks, T3: 24 weeks, T4: 52 weeks, df: degrees of freedom. OvComp (overall composite), PS (processing speed), ATT (attention/vigilance), WM (working memory), VerL (verbal learning), VisL (visual learning), RaPs (reasoning and problem solving), SC (social cognition), SAFTEE (SQRT) systematic inquiry about emergent clinical events–square root, MANSA QoL (Manchester short assessment of quality of life), AQoL (assessment of quality of life).
Marginal means and standard error reported as controlling for study site.
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