| Study . | Design; Arms . | Sample size . | Sex (% males) . | Age . | Pathologic TNM stage . | Chemotherapy regime . | Operative characteristics . | PCR . | OS . | pCR vs. no pCR OS . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Donlon 2021 | RC | 175 | 84 | 66 (28–83) | T0 16 (10%) T1 27 (17%) T2 23 (14%) T3 86 (53%) T4 9 (6%) | FLOT | Open 123 (76%) Hybrid 19 (12%) MIE 19 (12%) | PCR: 10% Major response: 24% | 1-year: 91% 3-year: 60%. | — |
| Hoepner 2014 | RC | 46 | 92 | 62 (31–77) | T0 20 (19%) T1 14 (12%) T2 36 (35%) T3 34 (33%) T4 1 (0.9%) | Before 2010: ECF After 2010: FLOT | Open, thoraco-abdominal (95%) Open, Transhiatal (5%) | Total/subtotal: 30% Minimal/none: 55% | 5-year: 45% | pCR: 30/48 npCR: 24/57 |
| Lorenzen 2012 | RC | 120 | 80 | 59.5 | T0 18 (15%) T1/2 77 (64%) T3/4 25 (21%) | Docetaxel, Cisplatin Folinic acid | Not given | 15% | 3-year: 71.8% (PCR) and 37.7% (non-PCR) | pCR: 10/18 npCR: 39/102 |
| Thuss-Patience | RCT | 51 | 94.1 | 65 (37–74) | Not given | DCF | Not stated | 13.7 | 1 year: 88 2 year: 70.8 | pCR: 2/7 npCR: 16/44 |
| Misra 2012 | RC | 99 | 92 | <50: 9 50–80: 92 >80: 9 | T0 19 (%) T1 18 (%) T2 27 (%) T3 41 (%) T4 5 (%) | Cisplatin 5-FUDR, docetaxel, leucovorin | Open | 38% | ||
| Luc 2015 | RC | 61 | 83.6 | 64.5 (40–78) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | Docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-FU | Open, Ivor-Lewis | 3.3% | Median of 45 months | |
| Port 2007 | RC | 51 | 84 | 62 (36–76) | T0 4(7%) T1 3 (5%) T2 11 (18%) T3 22 (36%) T4 12 (20%) | Paclitaxel, Carboplatin | Not mentioned | pCR: 4.8% Major response: 11.2% | 5 year: 35% | |
| Lim 2013 | RC | 83 | 79.5 | 62 (37–79) | Not mentioned | ECF | Not mentioned | 7.69% | Median: 38 months | pCR: 6/6 npCR: 38/77 |
| Starling 2009 | RCT | 34 | 91 | 60 (41–81) | T2 7 (21%) T3 17 (79%) | Epirubicin, cisplatin, capecitabine | Not mentioned | 7.4% | Median: 17 months 1 year: 67% 2 year: 39% | pCR: 2/2 npCR:12/32 |
| Alderson 2017 | RCT (OEO5) | 897 | 90.3 | 62 (27–81) | T0 25 (3.36%) T1 77 (10.3%) T2 125 (16.8%) T3 493 (66.4%) T4 22 (2.96%) | Cisplatin, fluorouracil: 339 Epirubicin, cisplatin, capecitabine: 317 | Open: 379 Left thoracoabdominal: 52 Hybrid: 209 MIE: 18 | 3.96% | Median for CF: 23.4 months Median for ECX: 26 1 months | pCR: 25/41 npCR: 128/543 |
| Schuhmacher 2010 | RCT | 144 | 69.4 | 56 (38–70) | T0 5 (7.1%) T1 5 (7.1%) T2 36 (51.4%) T3 20 (28.6%) T4 4 (5.7%) | Cisplatin, Fluorouracil, Folinic acid | Open | 7.1% | Stopped early for poor accrual | |
| Peixoto 2014 | RC | 83 | 79.5 | 62 (37–79) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | ECF: 23 Epirubicin, cisplatin, capecitabine: 60 | Not mentioned | 7.2% | Median: 40.3 months | pCR:6/6 npCR: 39/77 |
| Geh 2000 | RCT | 23 | 78.2 | 54 (31–73) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | ECF | Open | 4.35% | Median: 12 2 year: 30 | pCR: 1/1 npCR: 7/22 |
| Melcher | RCT | 27 | 54 (29–71) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | ECF | Open | 0% | Median: 14 2 year: 32 | ||
| Bamias | RCT | 62 | 59 (28–79) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | ECF | Open | 10% | Median: 12 2 year: 23 | ||
| Bradley 2019 | RC | 44 | 70.5 | 70 (35–85) | T2 1 (2.3%) T3 17 (38.6%) T4 26 (43.2%) | ECX/ECF | Total gastrectomy 8 Subtotal gastrectomy 2 Oesophagectomy 7 | 2.27% | Median: 42.6 | |
| Mesenas 2008 | RC | 99 | 80 | 62 | T0 8 (8%) T1 6 (6%) T2 22 (22%) T3 53 (54%) T4 10 (10%) | ECF | Open | 8% | Median OS of 22 months | |
| Ott et al. 2011 | RC | 114 | 95 | 58.7 (10.3) | T0 12 (11%) T1 16 (13%) T2 31 (81%) T3 48 (29%) T4 1 (5%) | Cisplatin Folinic acid, leucovorin | Open; Transhiatal with cervical anastomosis, OR Abdominothoracic with intrathoracic anastomosis | 31% | Median OS of 108 months | |
| Burmeister 2005 | RCT | 256 | 83 | 61 (41–80) | NA | 35Gy/2.3Gy/15f Cisplatin, flurouracil | Thoraco-abdominal approach; | 9.09 (6/66) % | Median OS 22.2 months | |
| Stahl et al. | RCT | 101 | 91.5 | NA | T3 108 T4 11 | 30Gy/2Gy/15f Fluorouracil, folinic acid, cisplatin, etoposide | Right transthoracic oesophagectomy; Extended total gastrectomy with resection of the lower oesophagus | Chemotherapy: 1.9% CRT: 14.3% | Chemo: OS 21 months; 5 years – 24.4% CRT: OS 30.8 months; 5 years—39.5% | |
| Burmeister et al. 2011 | RCT | 75 | 88 | 61 (36–75) | T2 67 T3 8 | 35Gy/2.3Gy/15f Cisplatin, fluorouracil | Thoracoscopically assisted three-stage dissection; Ivor-Lewis two-stage approach | Chemotherapy: 8% CRT: 31% | Chemo: 29 months; 5 years – 36% CRT: 32 months; 5 years—45% | |
| Shapiro et al. | RCT | 368 | 75% | 60 (55–67) | T1 1 T2 26 T3 150 T4 0 | 41.4Gy/1.8Gy/23f Carboplatin, paclitaxel | Transthoracic oesophageal resection; Transhiatal oesophageal resection | CRT: 29% | CRT: 48.6 months 5 year OS – 47% | pCR: 33/47 npCR: 57/113 |
| Mariette et al. | RCT | 195 | 85.6 | 57.8 (36.9–76.4) | T0 34 T1 49 T2 32 T3 43 T4 12 | 45Gy/1.8Gy/25f Cisplatin, fluorouracil | transthoracic esophagectomy | 33.3% | Median – 31.8 months. 5 years: 41.1 | pCR: 23/27 npCR: 19/49 |
| Walsh et al | RCT | 113 | 73.4 | 65 (47–75) | T0 13 T1 3 T2 35 T3 51 T4 8 | 30Gy/2Gy/15f Fluorouracil, folinic acid, cisplatin, etoposide | total gastrectomy and distal esophagectomy; Lewis–Tanner operation; McKeown operation; Transhiatal oesophageal resection | 25% | Median: 16 months 3 year survival: 37% | pCR: 11/13 npCR: 15/32 |
| Urba et al. | RCT | 100 | 80 | 62 (39–75) | NA | 45Gy/1.5Gy Cisplatin, fluorouracil, vinblastine | Transhiatal Esophagectomy | 24.3% | Median: 16.9 3 year survival: 30% | pCR: 6/9 npCR: 5/28 |
| Tepper et al. | RCT | 475 | 93 | 59.9 (38–77) | NA | 50.4 Gy/1.8 Gy Cisplatin, fluorouracil | Ivor-Lewis two-stage approach | 40% | Median OS 4.48 years. 5 year survival: 39% | |
| von Dobeln | RCT | 181 | 82.3 | 63 (37–75) | T1 2 T2 62 T3 117 T4 | 40 Gy/2 Gy/20f Cisplatin, fluorouracil | thoracoabdominal Ivor–Lewis resection; McKeown operation | CRT: 28% NAC: 9% | CRT: 42.2%, 31.4 months NAC: 39.6%, 36 months | |
| Kamarajah | RC | 718 | 320 (87.0) 296 (84.6) | 63.0 (9.9) 64.5 (9.5) | T1 120 T2 120 T3 231 T4 24 | FLOT vs CROSS | Ivor Lewis, McKeown, thoracoabdominal, trans-hiatal | NAC: 10.1% CRT: 17.7% | — | |
| Klevebro | RCT | 181 | 77 (85) 72 (80) | 63 (37–75) 63 (38–74) | T1 2 T2 62 T3 117 | Cisplatin, 5-FU, 40 Gy radiotherapy | Ivor Lewis, McKeown | NAC: 9% CRT:28% | — |
| Study . | Design; Arms . | Sample size . | Sex (% males) . | Age . | Pathologic TNM stage . | Chemotherapy regime . | Operative characteristics . | PCR . | OS . | pCR vs. no pCR OS . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Donlon 2021 | RC | 175 | 84 | 66 (28–83) | T0 16 (10%) T1 27 (17%) T2 23 (14%) T3 86 (53%) T4 9 (6%) | FLOT | Open 123 (76%) Hybrid 19 (12%) MIE 19 (12%) | PCR: 10% Major response: 24% | 1-year: 91% 3-year: 60%. | — |
| Hoepner 2014 | RC | 46 | 92 | 62 (31–77) | T0 20 (19%) T1 14 (12%) T2 36 (35%) T3 34 (33%) T4 1 (0.9%) | Before 2010: ECF After 2010: FLOT | Open, thoraco-abdominal (95%) Open, Transhiatal (5%) | Total/subtotal: 30% Minimal/none: 55% | 5-year: 45% | pCR: 30/48 npCR: 24/57 |
| Lorenzen 2012 | RC | 120 | 80 | 59.5 | T0 18 (15%) T1/2 77 (64%) T3/4 25 (21%) | Docetaxel, Cisplatin Folinic acid | Not given | 15% | 3-year: 71.8% (PCR) and 37.7% (non-PCR) | pCR: 10/18 npCR: 39/102 |
| Thuss-Patience | RCT | 51 | 94.1 | 65 (37–74) | Not given | DCF | Not stated | 13.7 | 1 year: 88 2 year: 70.8 | pCR: 2/7 npCR: 16/44 |
| Misra 2012 | RC | 99 | 92 | <50: 9 50–80: 92 >80: 9 | T0 19 (%) T1 18 (%) T2 27 (%) T3 41 (%) T4 5 (%) | Cisplatin 5-FUDR, docetaxel, leucovorin | Open | 38% | ||
| Luc 2015 | RC | 61 | 83.6 | 64.5 (40–78) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | Docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-FU | Open, Ivor-Lewis | 3.3% | Median of 45 months | |
| Port 2007 | RC | 51 | 84 | 62 (36–76) | T0 4(7%) T1 3 (5%) T2 11 (18%) T3 22 (36%) T4 12 (20%) | Paclitaxel, Carboplatin | Not mentioned | pCR: 4.8% Major response: 11.2% | 5 year: 35% | |
| Lim 2013 | RC | 83 | 79.5 | 62 (37–79) | Not mentioned | ECF | Not mentioned | 7.69% | Median: 38 months | pCR: 6/6 npCR: 38/77 |
| Starling 2009 | RCT | 34 | 91 | 60 (41–81) | T2 7 (21%) T3 17 (79%) | Epirubicin, cisplatin, capecitabine | Not mentioned | 7.4% | Median: 17 months 1 year: 67% 2 year: 39% | pCR: 2/2 npCR:12/32 |
| Alderson 2017 | RCT (OEO5) | 897 | 90.3 | 62 (27–81) | T0 25 (3.36%) T1 77 (10.3%) T2 125 (16.8%) T3 493 (66.4%) T4 22 (2.96%) | Cisplatin, fluorouracil: 339 Epirubicin, cisplatin, capecitabine: 317 | Open: 379 Left thoracoabdominal: 52 Hybrid: 209 MIE: 18 | 3.96% | Median for CF: 23.4 months Median for ECX: 26 1 months | pCR: 25/41 npCR: 128/543 |
| Schuhmacher 2010 | RCT | 144 | 69.4 | 56 (38–70) | T0 5 (7.1%) T1 5 (7.1%) T2 36 (51.4%) T3 20 (28.6%) T4 4 (5.7%) | Cisplatin, Fluorouracil, Folinic acid | Open | 7.1% | Stopped early for poor accrual | |
| Peixoto 2014 | RC | 83 | 79.5 | 62 (37–79) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | ECF: 23 Epirubicin, cisplatin, capecitabine: 60 | Not mentioned | 7.2% | Median: 40.3 months | pCR:6/6 npCR: 39/77 |
| Geh 2000 | RCT | 23 | 78.2 | 54 (31–73) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | ECF | Open | 4.35% | Median: 12 2 year: 30 | pCR: 1/1 npCR: 7/22 |
| Melcher | RCT | 27 | 54 (29–71) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | ECF | Open | 0% | Median: 14 2 year: 32 | ||
| Bamias | RCT | 62 | 59 (28–79) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | ECF | Open | 10% | Median: 12 2 year: 23 | ||
| Bradley 2019 | RC | 44 | 70.5 | 70 (35–85) | T2 1 (2.3%) T3 17 (38.6%) T4 26 (43.2%) | ECX/ECF | Total gastrectomy 8 Subtotal gastrectomy 2 Oesophagectomy 7 | 2.27% | Median: 42.6 | |
| Mesenas 2008 | RC | 99 | 80 | 62 | T0 8 (8%) T1 6 (6%) T2 22 (22%) T3 53 (54%) T4 10 (10%) | ECF | Open | 8% | Median OS of 22 months | |
| Ott et al. 2011 | RC | 114 | 95 | 58.7 (10.3) | T0 12 (11%) T1 16 (13%) T2 31 (81%) T3 48 (29%) T4 1 (5%) | Cisplatin Folinic acid, leucovorin | Open; Transhiatal with cervical anastomosis, OR Abdominothoracic with intrathoracic anastomosis | 31% | Median OS of 108 months | |
| Burmeister 2005 | RCT | 256 | 83 | 61 (41–80) | NA | 35Gy/2.3Gy/15f Cisplatin, flurouracil | Thoraco-abdominal approach; | 9.09 (6/66) % | Median OS 22.2 months | |
| Stahl et al. | RCT | 101 | 91.5 | NA | T3 108 T4 11 | 30Gy/2Gy/15f Fluorouracil, folinic acid, cisplatin, etoposide | Right transthoracic oesophagectomy; Extended total gastrectomy with resection of the lower oesophagus | Chemotherapy: 1.9% CRT: 14.3% | Chemo: OS 21 months; 5 years – 24.4% CRT: OS 30.8 months; 5 years—39.5% | |
| Burmeister et al. 2011 | RCT | 75 | 88 | 61 (36–75) | T2 67 T3 8 | 35Gy/2.3Gy/15f Cisplatin, fluorouracil | Thoracoscopically assisted three-stage dissection; Ivor-Lewis two-stage approach | Chemotherapy: 8% CRT: 31% | Chemo: 29 months; 5 years – 36% CRT: 32 months; 5 years—45% | |
| Shapiro et al. | RCT | 368 | 75% | 60 (55–67) | T1 1 T2 26 T3 150 T4 0 | 41.4Gy/1.8Gy/23f Carboplatin, paclitaxel | Transthoracic oesophageal resection; Transhiatal oesophageal resection | CRT: 29% | CRT: 48.6 months 5 year OS – 47% | pCR: 33/47 npCR: 57/113 |
| Mariette et al. | RCT | 195 | 85.6 | 57.8 (36.9–76.4) | T0 34 T1 49 T2 32 T3 43 T4 12 | 45Gy/1.8Gy/25f Cisplatin, fluorouracil | transthoracic esophagectomy | 33.3% | Median – 31.8 months. 5 years: 41.1 | pCR: 23/27 npCR: 19/49 |
| Walsh et al | RCT | 113 | 73.4 | 65 (47–75) | T0 13 T1 3 T2 35 T3 51 T4 8 | 30Gy/2Gy/15f Fluorouracil, folinic acid, cisplatin, etoposide | total gastrectomy and distal esophagectomy; Lewis–Tanner operation; McKeown operation; Transhiatal oesophageal resection | 25% | Median: 16 months 3 year survival: 37% | pCR: 11/13 npCR: 15/32 |
| Urba et al. | RCT | 100 | 80 | 62 (39–75) | NA | 45Gy/1.5Gy Cisplatin, fluorouracil, vinblastine | Transhiatal Esophagectomy | 24.3% | Median: 16.9 3 year survival: 30% | pCR: 6/9 npCR: 5/28 |
| Tepper et al. | RCT | 475 | 93 | 59.9 (38–77) | NA | 50.4 Gy/1.8 Gy Cisplatin, fluorouracil | Ivor-Lewis two-stage approach | 40% | Median OS 4.48 years. 5 year survival: 39% | |
| von Dobeln | RCT | 181 | 82.3 | 63 (37–75) | T1 2 T2 62 T3 117 T4 | 40 Gy/2 Gy/20f Cisplatin, fluorouracil | thoracoabdominal Ivor–Lewis resection; McKeown operation | CRT: 28% NAC: 9% | CRT: 42.2%, 31.4 months NAC: 39.6%, 36 months | |
| Kamarajah | RC | 718 | 320 (87.0) 296 (84.6) | 63.0 (9.9) 64.5 (9.5) | T1 120 T2 120 T3 231 T4 24 | FLOT vs CROSS | Ivor Lewis, McKeown, thoracoabdominal, trans-hiatal | NAC: 10.1% CRT: 17.7% | — | |
| Klevebro | RCT | 181 | 77 (85) 72 (80) | 63 (37–75) 63 (38–74) | T1 2 T2 62 T3 117 | Cisplatin, 5-FU, 40 Gy radiotherapy | Ivor Lewis, McKeown | NAC: 9% CRT:28% | — |
RCT: randomized controlled trial; RC: retrospective cohort study; CRT: chemoradiotherapy.
| Study . | Design; Arms . | Sample size . | Sex (% males) . | Age . | Pathologic TNM stage . | Chemotherapy regime . | Operative characteristics . | PCR . | OS . | pCR vs. no pCR OS . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Donlon 2021 | RC | 175 | 84 | 66 (28–83) | T0 16 (10%) T1 27 (17%) T2 23 (14%) T3 86 (53%) T4 9 (6%) | FLOT | Open 123 (76%) Hybrid 19 (12%) MIE 19 (12%) | PCR: 10% Major response: 24% | 1-year: 91% 3-year: 60%. | — |
| Hoepner 2014 | RC | 46 | 92 | 62 (31–77) | T0 20 (19%) T1 14 (12%) T2 36 (35%) T3 34 (33%) T4 1 (0.9%) | Before 2010: ECF After 2010: FLOT | Open, thoraco-abdominal (95%) Open, Transhiatal (5%) | Total/subtotal: 30% Minimal/none: 55% | 5-year: 45% | pCR: 30/48 npCR: 24/57 |
| Lorenzen 2012 | RC | 120 | 80 | 59.5 | T0 18 (15%) T1/2 77 (64%) T3/4 25 (21%) | Docetaxel, Cisplatin Folinic acid | Not given | 15% | 3-year: 71.8% (PCR) and 37.7% (non-PCR) | pCR: 10/18 npCR: 39/102 |
| Thuss-Patience | RCT | 51 | 94.1 | 65 (37–74) | Not given | DCF | Not stated | 13.7 | 1 year: 88 2 year: 70.8 | pCR: 2/7 npCR: 16/44 |
| Misra 2012 | RC | 99 | 92 | <50: 9 50–80: 92 >80: 9 | T0 19 (%) T1 18 (%) T2 27 (%) T3 41 (%) T4 5 (%) | Cisplatin 5-FUDR, docetaxel, leucovorin | Open | 38% | ||
| Luc 2015 | RC | 61 | 83.6 | 64.5 (40–78) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | Docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-FU | Open, Ivor-Lewis | 3.3% | Median of 45 months | |
| Port 2007 | RC | 51 | 84 | 62 (36–76) | T0 4(7%) T1 3 (5%) T2 11 (18%) T3 22 (36%) T4 12 (20%) | Paclitaxel, Carboplatin | Not mentioned | pCR: 4.8% Major response: 11.2% | 5 year: 35% | |
| Lim 2013 | RC | 83 | 79.5 | 62 (37–79) | Not mentioned | ECF | Not mentioned | 7.69% | Median: 38 months | pCR: 6/6 npCR: 38/77 |
| Starling 2009 | RCT | 34 | 91 | 60 (41–81) | T2 7 (21%) T3 17 (79%) | Epirubicin, cisplatin, capecitabine | Not mentioned | 7.4% | Median: 17 months 1 year: 67% 2 year: 39% | pCR: 2/2 npCR:12/32 |
| Alderson 2017 | RCT (OEO5) | 897 | 90.3 | 62 (27–81) | T0 25 (3.36%) T1 77 (10.3%) T2 125 (16.8%) T3 493 (66.4%) T4 22 (2.96%) | Cisplatin, fluorouracil: 339 Epirubicin, cisplatin, capecitabine: 317 | Open: 379 Left thoracoabdominal: 52 Hybrid: 209 MIE: 18 | 3.96% | Median for CF: 23.4 months Median for ECX: 26 1 months | pCR: 25/41 npCR: 128/543 |
| Schuhmacher 2010 | RCT | 144 | 69.4 | 56 (38–70) | T0 5 (7.1%) T1 5 (7.1%) T2 36 (51.4%) T3 20 (28.6%) T4 4 (5.7%) | Cisplatin, Fluorouracil, Folinic acid | Open | 7.1% | Stopped early for poor accrual | |
| Peixoto 2014 | RC | 83 | 79.5 | 62 (37–79) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | ECF: 23 Epirubicin, cisplatin, capecitabine: 60 | Not mentioned | 7.2% | Median: 40.3 months | pCR:6/6 npCR: 39/77 |
| Geh 2000 | RCT | 23 | 78.2 | 54 (31–73) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | ECF | Open | 4.35% | Median: 12 2 year: 30 | pCR: 1/1 npCR: 7/22 |
| Melcher | RCT | 27 | 54 (29–71) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | ECF | Open | 0% | Median: 14 2 year: 32 | ||
| Bamias | RCT | 62 | 59 (28–79) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | ECF | Open | 10% | Median: 12 2 year: 23 | ||
| Bradley 2019 | RC | 44 | 70.5 | 70 (35–85) | T2 1 (2.3%) T3 17 (38.6%) T4 26 (43.2%) | ECX/ECF | Total gastrectomy 8 Subtotal gastrectomy 2 Oesophagectomy 7 | 2.27% | Median: 42.6 | |
| Mesenas 2008 | RC | 99 | 80 | 62 | T0 8 (8%) T1 6 (6%) T2 22 (22%) T3 53 (54%) T4 10 (10%) | ECF | Open | 8% | Median OS of 22 months | |
| Ott et al. 2011 | RC | 114 | 95 | 58.7 (10.3) | T0 12 (11%) T1 16 (13%) T2 31 (81%) T3 48 (29%) T4 1 (5%) | Cisplatin Folinic acid, leucovorin | Open; Transhiatal with cervical anastomosis, OR Abdominothoracic with intrathoracic anastomosis | 31% | Median OS of 108 months | |
| Burmeister 2005 | RCT | 256 | 83 | 61 (41–80) | NA | 35Gy/2.3Gy/15f Cisplatin, flurouracil | Thoraco-abdominal approach; | 9.09 (6/66) % | Median OS 22.2 months | |
| Stahl et al. | RCT | 101 | 91.5 | NA | T3 108 T4 11 | 30Gy/2Gy/15f Fluorouracil, folinic acid, cisplatin, etoposide | Right transthoracic oesophagectomy; Extended total gastrectomy with resection of the lower oesophagus | Chemotherapy: 1.9% CRT: 14.3% | Chemo: OS 21 months; 5 years – 24.4% CRT: OS 30.8 months; 5 years—39.5% | |
| Burmeister et al. 2011 | RCT | 75 | 88 | 61 (36–75) | T2 67 T3 8 | 35Gy/2.3Gy/15f Cisplatin, fluorouracil | Thoracoscopically assisted three-stage dissection; Ivor-Lewis two-stage approach | Chemotherapy: 8% CRT: 31% | Chemo: 29 months; 5 years – 36% CRT: 32 months; 5 years—45% | |
| Shapiro et al. | RCT | 368 | 75% | 60 (55–67) | T1 1 T2 26 T3 150 T4 0 | 41.4Gy/1.8Gy/23f Carboplatin, paclitaxel | Transthoracic oesophageal resection; Transhiatal oesophageal resection | CRT: 29% | CRT: 48.6 months 5 year OS – 47% | pCR: 33/47 npCR: 57/113 |
| Mariette et al. | RCT | 195 | 85.6 | 57.8 (36.9–76.4) | T0 34 T1 49 T2 32 T3 43 T4 12 | 45Gy/1.8Gy/25f Cisplatin, fluorouracil | transthoracic esophagectomy | 33.3% | Median – 31.8 months. 5 years: 41.1 | pCR: 23/27 npCR: 19/49 |
| Walsh et al | RCT | 113 | 73.4 | 65 (47–75) | T0 13 T1 3 T2 35 T3 51 T4 8 | 30Gy/2Gy/15f Fluorouracil, folinic acid, cisplatin, etoposide | total gastrectomy and distal esophagectomy; Lewis–Tanner operation; McKeown operation; Transhiatal oesophageal resection | 25% | Median: 16 months 3 year survival: 37% | pCR: 11/13 npCR: 15/32 |
| Urba et al. | RCT | 100 | 80 | 62 (39–75) | NA | 45Gy/1.5Gy Cisplatin, fluorouracil, vinblastine | Transhiatal Esophagectomy | 24.3% | Median: 16.9 3 year survival: 30% | pCR: 6/9 npCR: 5/28 |
| Tepper et al. | RCT | 475 | 93 | 59.9 (38–77) | NA | 50.4 Gy/1.8 Gy Cisplatin, fluorouracil | Ivor-Lewis two-stage approach | 40% | Median OS 4.48 years. 5 year survival: 39% | |
| von Dobeln | RCT | 181 | 82.3 | 63 (37–75) | T1 2 T2 62 T3 117 T4 | 40 Gy/2 Gy/20f Cisplatin, fluorouracil | thoracoabdominal Ivor–Lewis resection; McKeown operation | CRT: 28% NAC: 9% | CRT: 42.2%, 31.4 months NAC: 39.6%, 36 months | |
| Kamarajah | RC | 718 | 320 (87.0) 296 (84.6) | 63.0 (9.9) 64.5 (9.5) | T1 120 T2 120 T3 231 T4 24 | FLOT vs CROSS | Ivor Lewis, McKeown, thoracoabdominal, trans-hiatal | NAC: 10.1% CRT: 17.7% | — | |
| Klevebro | RCT | 181 | 77 (85) 72 (80) | 63 (37–75) 63 (38–74) | T1 2 T2 62 T3 117 | Cisplatin, 5-FU, 40 Gy radiotherapy | Ivor Lewis, McKeown | NAC: 9% CRT:28% | — |
| Study . | Design; Arms . | Sample size . | Sex (% males) . | Age . | Pathologic TNM stage . | Chemotherapy regime . | Operative characteristics . | PCR . | OS . | pCR vs. no pCR OS . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Donlon 2021 | RC | 175 | 84 | 66 (28–83) | T0 16 (10%) T1 27 (17%) T2 23 (14%) T3 86 (53%) T4 9 (6%) | FLOT | Open 123 (76%) Hybrid 19 (12%) MIE 19 (12%) | PCR: 10% Major response: 24% | 1-year: 91% 3-year: 60%. | — |
| Hoepner 2014 | RC | 46 | 92 | 62 (31–77) | T0 20 (19%) T1 14 (12%) T2 36 (35%) T3 34 (33%) T4 1 (0.9%) | Before 2010: ECF After 2010: FLOT | Open, thoraco-abdominal (95%) Open, Transhiatal (5%) | Total/subtotal: 30% Minimal/none: 55% | 5-year: 45% | pCR: 30/48 npCR: 24/57 |
| Lorenzen 2012 | RC | 120 | 80 | 59.5 | T0 18 (15%) T1/2 77 (64%) T3/4 25 (21%) | Docetaxel, Cisplatin Folinic acid | Not given | 15% | 3-year: 71.8% (PCR) and 37.7% (non-PCR) | pCR: 10/18 npCR: 39/102 |
| Thuss-Patience | RCT | 51 | 94.1 | 65 (37–74) | Not given | DCF | Not stated | 13.7 | 1 year: 88 2 year: 70.8 | pCR: 2/7 npCR: 16/44 |
| Misra 2012 | RC | 99 | 92 | <50: 9 50–80: 92 >80: 9 | T0 19 (%) T1 18 (%) T2 27 (%) T3 41 (%) T4 5 (%) | Cisplatin 5-FUDR, docetaxel, leucovorin | Open | 38% | ||
| Luc 2015 | RC | 61 | 83.6 | 64.5 (40–78) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | Docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-FU | Open, Ivor-Lewis | 3.3% | Median of 45 months | |
| Port 2007 | RC | 51 | 84 | 62 (36–76) | T0 4(7%) T1 3 (5%) T2 11 (18%) T3 22 (36%) T4 12 (20%) | Paclitaxel, Carboplatin | Not mentioned | pCR: 4.8% Major response: 11.2% | 5 year: 35% | |
| Lim 2013 | RC | 83 | 79.5 | 62 (37–79) | Not mentioned | ECF | Not mentioned | 7.69% | Median: 38 months | pCR: 6/6 npCR: 38/77 |
| Starling 2009 | RCT | 34 | 91 | 60 (41–81) | T2 7 (21%) T3 17 (79%) | Epirubicin, cisplatin, capecitabine | Not mentioned | 7.4% | Median: 17 months 1 year: 67% 2 year: 39% | pCR: 2/2 npCR:12/32 |
| Alderson 2017 | RCT (OEO5) | 897 | 90.3 | 62 (27–81) | T0 25 (3.36%) T1 77 (10.3%) T2 125 (16.8%) T3 493 (66.4%) T4 22 (2.96%) | Cisplatin, fluorouracil: 339 Epirubicin, cisplatin, capecitabine: 317 | Open: 379 Left thoracoabdominal: 52 Hybrid: 209 MIE: 18 | 3.96% | Median for CF: 23.4 months Median for ECX: 26 1 months | pCR: 25/41 npCR: 128/543 |
| Schuhmacher 2010 | RCT | 144 | 69.4 | 56 (38–70) | T0 5 (7.1%) T1 5 (7.1%) T2 36 (51.4%) T3 20 (28.6%) T4 4 (5.7%) | Cisplatin, Fluorouracil, Folinic acid | Open | 7.1% | Stopped early for poor accrual | |
| Peixoto 2014 | RC | 83 | 79.5 | 62 (37–79) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | ECF: 23 Epirubicin, cisplatin, capecitabine: 60 | Not mentioned | 7.2% | Median: 40.3 months | pCR:6/6 npCR: 39/77 |
| Geh 2000 | RCT | 23 | 78.2 | 54 (31–73) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | ECF | Open | 4.35% | Median: 12 2 year: 30 | pCR: 1/1 npCR: 7/22 |
| Melcher | RCT | 27 | 54 (29–71) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | ECF | Open | 0% | Median: 14 2 year: 32 | ||
| Bamias | RCT | 62 | 59 (28–79) | T0 (%) T1 (%) T2 (%) T3 (%) T4 (%) | ECF | Open | 10% | Median: 12 2 year: 23 | ||
| Bradley 2019 | RC | 44 | 70.5 | 70 (35–85) | T2 1 (2.3%) T3 17 (38.6%) T4 26 (43.2%) | ECX/ECF | Total gastrectomy 8 Subtotal gastrectomy 2 Oesophagectomy 7 | 2.27% | Median: 42.6 | |
| Mesenas 2008 | RC | 99 | 80 | 62 | T0 8 (8%) T1 6 (6%) T2 22 (22%) T3 53 (54%) T4 10 (10%) | ECF | Open | 8% | Median OS of 22 months | |
| Ott et al. 2011 | RC | 114 | 95 | 58.7 (10.3) | T0 12 (11%) T1 16 (13%) T2 31 (81%) T3 48 (29%) T4 1 (5%) | Cisplatin Folinic acid, leucovorin | Open; Transhiatal with cervical anastomosis, OR Abdominothoracic with intrathoracic anastomosis | 31% | Median OS of 108 months | |
| Burmeister 2005 | RCT | 256 | 83 | 61 (41–80) | NA | 35Gy/2.3Gy/15f Cisplatin, flurouracil | Thoraco-abdominal approach; | 9.09 (6/66) % | Median OS 22.2 months | |
| Stahl et al. | RCT | 101 | 91.5 | NA | T3 108 T4 11 | 30Gy/2Gy/15f Fluorouracil, folinic acid, cisplatin, etoposide | Right transthoracic oesophagectomy; Extended total gastrectomy with resection of the lower oesophagus | Chemotherapy: 1.9% CRT: 14.3% | Chemo: OS 21 months; 5 years – 24.4% CRT: OS 30.8 months; 5 years—39.5% | |
| Burmeister et al. 2011 | RCT | 75 | 88 | 61 (36–75) | T2 67 T3 8 | 35Gy/2.3Gy/15f Cisplatin, fluorouracil | Thoracoscopically assisted three-stage dissection; Ivor-Lewis two-stage approach | Chemotherapy: 8% CRT: 31% | Chemo: 29 months; 5 years – 36% CRT: 32 months; 5 years—45% | |
| Shapiro et al. | RCT | 368 | 75% | 60 (55–67) | T1 1 T2 26 T3 150 T4 0 | 41.4Gy/1.8Gy/23f Carboplatin, paclitaxel | Transthoracic oesophageal resection; Transhiatal oesophageal resection | CRT: 29% | CRT: 48.6 months 5 year OS – 47% | pCR: 33/47 npCR: 57/113 |
| Mariette et al. | RCT | 195 | 85.6 | 57.8 (36.9–76.4) | T0 34 T1 49 T2 32 T3 43 T4 12 | 45Gy/1.8Gy/25f Cisplatin, fluorouracil | transthoracic esophagectomy | 33.3% | Median – 31.8 months. 5 years: 41.1 | pCR: 23/27 npCR: 19/49 |
| Walsh et al | RCT | 113 | 73.4 | 65 (47–75) | T0 13 T1 3 T2 35 T3 51 T4 8 | 30Gy/2Gy/15f Fluorouracil, folinic acid, cisplatin, etoposide | total gastrectomy and distal esophagectomy; Lewis–Tanner operation; McKeown operation; Transhiatal oesophageal resection | 25% | Median: 16 months 3 year survival: 37% | pCR: 11/13 npCR: 15/32 |
| Urba et al. | RCT | 100 | 80 | 62 (39–75) | NA | 45Gy/1.5Gy Cisplatin, fluorouracil, vinblastine | Transhiatal Esophagectomy | 24.3% | Median: 16.9 3 year survival: 30% | pCR: 6/9 npCR: 5/28 |
| Tepper et al. | RCT | 475 | 93 | 59.9 (38–77) | NA | 50.4 Gy/1.8 Gy Cisplatin, fluorouracil | Ivor-Lewis two-stage approach | 40% | Median OS 4.48 years. 5 year survival: 39% | |
| von Dobeln | RCT | 181 | 82.3 | 63 (37–75) | T1 2 T2 62 T3 117 T4 | 40 Gy/2 Gy/20f Cisplatin, fluorouracil | thoracoabdominal Ivor–Lewis resection; McKeown operation | CRT: 28% NAC: 9% | CRT: 42.2%, 31.4 months NAC: 39.6%, 36 months | |
| Kamarajah | RC | 718 | 320 (87.0) 296 (84.6) | 63.0 (9.9) 64.5 (9.5) | T1 120 T2 120 T3 231 T4 24 | FLOT vs CROSS | Ivor Lewis, McKeown, thoracoabdominal, trans-hiatal | NAC: 10.1% CRT: 17.7% | — | |
| Klevebro | RCT | 181 | 77 (85) 72 (80) | 63 (37–75) 63 (38–74) | T1 2 T2 62 T3 117 | Cisplatin, 5-FU, 40 Gy radiotherapy | Ivor Lewis, McKeown | NAC: 9% CRT:28% | — |
RCT: randomized controlled trial; RC: retrospective cohort study; CRT: chemoradiotherapy.
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