Latent classes, conventional breeding sample: means of demographic variables and ANOVA comparisons across groups
| . | Mean . | Analysis of variance comparison P-value . | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable . | Group 1 . | Group 2 . | Group 3 . | Group 4 . | Group 1 vs. 2 . | Group 1 vs. 3 . | Group 1 vs. 4 . | Group 2 vs. 3 . | Group 2 vs. 4 . | Group 3 vs. 4 . |
| Number of respondents in each group | 299 | 640 | 313 | 171 | ||||||
| Share of respondents in each group (per cent) | 21 | 45 | 22 | 11 | ||||||
| Sociodemographic variables (group-specific fraction of respondents in each category) | ||||||||||
| Male | 0.55 (0.50) | 0.45 (0.50) | 0.26 (0.44) | 0.24 (0.43) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.77 |
| Millennial born after 1981 | 0.66 (0.48) | 0.64 (0.48) | 0.26 (0.44) | 0.27 (0.44) | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.80 |
| Income |$\ge {\rm{\ }}$|$99,922/year | 0.40 (0.49) | 0.47 (0.50) | 0.49 (0.50) | 0.40 (0.49) | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.92 | 0.59 | 0.10 | 0.06 |
| White | 0.81 (0.39) | 0.69 (0.46) | 0.84 (0.37) | 0.83 (0.37) | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.53 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.87 |
| Education |$\ge $| bachelor's degree | 0.62 (0.49) | 0.58 (0.49) | 0.62 (0.48) | 0.48 (0.50) | 0.21 | 0.91 | 0.00 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
| Family size |$\ge 3$| | 0.51 (0.50) | 0.57 (0.50) | 0.55 (0.50) | 0.54 (0.50) | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0.52 | 0.71 | 0.58 | 0.81 |
| Number of children under 18 |$\ge 1$| | 0.61 (0.49) | 0.57 (0.49) | 0.61 (0.49) | 0.59 (0.49) | 0.28 | 0.93 | 0.69 | 0.35 | 0.71 | 0.74 |
| Frequency of consumption |$\ge $| once/week | 0.37 (0.48) | 0.41 (0.49) | 0.20 (0.40) | 0.19 (0.40) | 0.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.95 |
| Respondents’ ratings for the most trusted sources of information (1 = strongly do not trust, 5 = strongly trust) | ||||||||||
| Scientific groupsa | 4.15 (0.72) | 3.75 (0.85) | 3.97 (0.71) | 3.70 (0.80) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.46 | 0.00 |
| Producer-oriented groupsb | 3.99 (0.73) | 3.67 (0.78) | 3.64 (0.71) | 3.52 (0.74) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 0.10 |
| Universities | 4.06 (0.90) | 3.68 (1.06) | 3.69 (0.88) | 3.38 (0.91) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.88 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Governmentc | 3.89 (0.85) | 3.47 (0.95) | 3.39 (0.85) | 3.33 (0.83) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 0.48 |
| Consumer-oriented groupsd | 3.88 (0.82) | 3.45 (0.95) | 3.34 (0.76) | 3.16 (0.83) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.04 |
| Social media, media, friends, and family memberse | 3.74 (0.88) | 3.37 (0.90) | 2.94 (0.72) | 2.98 (0.73) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.68 |
| Respondents’ ratings for the level of knowledge about breeding technologies (1 = completely uninformed, 5 = completely informed) | ||||||||||
| Knowledge of genetic engineering | 3.66 (1.23) | 3.44 (1.18) | 2.75 (1.18) | 2.73 (1.28) | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
| Knowledge of CRISPR | 3.38 (1.30) | 3.24 (1.19) | 2.50 (1.14) | 2.47 (1.20) | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
| Respondents’ ratings on the perception of breeding technologies (1 = highly risky to eat, highly unnatural, completely unethical, 5 = totally safe to eat, completely natural, completely ethical) | ||||||||||
| CRISPR is safe | 3.51 (1.16) | 3.38 (1.09) | 3.16 (1.08) | 2.98 (1.04) | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.08 |
| Genetic engineering is safe | 3.32 (1.29) | 3.37 (1.19) | 3.05 (1.20) | 2.83 (1.22) | 0.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 |
| CRISPR is natural | 3.18 (1.34) | 3.09 (1.25) | 2.38 (1.04) | 2.45 (1.01) | 0.31 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.58 |
| Genetic engineering is natural | 2.94 (1.34) | 3.06 (1.32) | 2.23 (1.10) | 2.23 (1.10) | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.98 |
| CRISPR is ethical and morally acceptable | 3.44 (1.24) | 3.36 (1.20) | 3.03 (1.09) | 2.91 (1.09) | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.30 |
| Genetic engineering is ethical and morally acceptable | 3.16 (1.34) | 3.30 (1.26) | 2.85 (1.23) | 2.77 (1.26) | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.51 |
| . | Mean . | Analysis of variance comparison P-value . | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable . | Group 1 . | Group 2 . | Group 3 . | Group 4 . | Group 1 vs. 2 . | Group 1 vs. 3 . | Group 1 vs. 4 . | Group 2 vs. 3 . | Group 2 vs. 4 . | Group 3 vs. 4 . |
| Number of respondents in each group | 299 | 640 | 313 | 171 | ||||||
| Share of respondents in each group (per cent) | 21 | 45 | 22 | 11 | ||||||
| Sociodemographic variables (group-specific fraction of respondents in each category) | ||||||||||
| Male | 0.55 (0.50) | 0.45 (0.50) | 0.26 (0.44) | 0.24 (0.43) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.77 |
| Millennial born after 1981 | 0.66 (0.48) | 0.64 (0.48) | 0.26 (0.44) | 0.27 (0.44) | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.80 |
| Income |$\ge {\rm{\ }}$|$99,922/year | 0.40 (0.49) | 0.47 (0.50) | 0.49 (0.50) | 0.40 (0.49) | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.92 | 0.59 | 0.10 | 0.06 |
| White | 0.81 (0.39) | 0.69 (0.46) | 0.84 (0.37) | 0.83 (0.37) | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.53 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.87 |
| Education |$\ge $| bachelor's degree | 0.62 (0.49) | 0.58 (0.49) | 0.62 (0.48) | 0.48 (0.50) | 0.21 | 0.91 | 0.00 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
| Family size |$\ge 3$| | 0.51 (0.50) | 0.57 (0.50) | 0.55 (0.50) | 0.54 (0.50) | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0.52 | 0.71 | 0.58 | 0.81 |
| Number of children under 18 |$\ge 1$| | 0.61 (0.49) | 0.57 (0.49) | 0.61 (0.49) | 0.59 (0.49) | 0.28 | 0.93 | 0.69 | 0.35 | 0.71 | 0.74 |
| Frequency of consumption |$\ge $| once/week | 0.37 (0.48) | 0.41 (0.49) | 0.20 (0.40) | 0.19 (0.40) | 0.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.95 |
| Respondents’ ratings for the most trusted sources of information (1 = strongly do not trust, 5 = strongly trust) | ||||||||||
| Scientific groupsa | 4.15 (0.72) | 3.75 (0.85) | 3.97 (0.71) | 3.70 (0.80) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.46 | 0.00 |
| Producer-oriented groupsb | 3.99 (0.73) | 3.67 (0.78) | 3.64 (0.71) | 3.52 (0.74) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 0.10 |
| Universities | 4.06 (0.90) | 3.68 (1.06) | 3.69 (0.88) | 3.38 (0.91) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.88 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Governmentc | 3.89 (0.85) | 3.47 (0.95) | 3.39 (0.85) | 3.33 (0.83) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 0.48 |
| Consumer-oriented groupsd | 3.88 (0.82) | 3.45 (0.95) | 3.34 (0.76) | 3.16 (0.83) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.04 |
| Social media, media, friends, and family memberse | 3.74 (0.88) | 3.37 (0.90) | 2.94 (0.72) | 2.98 (0.73) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.68 |
| Respondents’ ratings for the level of knowledge about breeding technologies (1 = completely uninformed, 5 = completely informed) | ||||||||||
| Knowledge of genetic engineering | 3.66 (1.23) | 3.44 (1.18) | 2.75 (1.18) | 2.73 (1.28) | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
| Knowledge of CRISPR | 3.38 (1.30) | 3.24 (1.19) | 2.50 (1.14) | 2.47 (1.20) | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
| Respondents’ ratings on the perception of breeding technologies (1 = highly risky to eat, highly unnatural, completely unethical, 5 = totally safe to eat, completely natural, completely ethical) | ||||||||||
| CRISPR is safe | 3.51 (1.16) | 3.38 (1.09) | 3.16 (1.08) | 2.98 (1.04) | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.08 |
| Genetic engineering is safe | 3.32 (1.29) | 3.37 (1.19) | 3.05 (1.20) | 2.83 (1.22) | 0.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 |
| CRISPR is natural | 3.18 (1.34) | 3.09 (1.25) | 2.38 (1.04) | 2.45 (1.01) | 0.31 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.58 |
| Genetic engineering is natural | 2.94 (1.34) | 3.06 (1.32) | 2.23 (1.10) | 2.23 (1.10) | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.98 |
| CRISPR is ethical and morally acceptable | 3.44 (1.24) | 3.36 (1.20) | 3.03 (1.09) | 2.91 (1.09) | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.30 |
| Genetic engineering is ethical and morally acceptable | 3.16 (1.34) | 3.30 (1.26) | 2.85 (1.23) | 2.77 (1.26) | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.51 |
Scientific groups include medical professionals (e.g. your primary physician), scientific associations (e.g. American Association for the Advancement of Science), and scientific journals (e.g. Nature, Science).
Producer-oriented groups include individual farmers, farmer's organizations (e.g. California Table Grape Commission), food manufacturers (e.g. Nestle, General Mills), and food retailers (e.g. Walmart, Safeway).
Government includes local government (e.g. local mayor) and government agencies (e.g. US Department of Agriculture).
Consumer-oriented groups include activist groups (e.g. Green America) and consumer organization (e.g. American Council of Consumers).
Social, media, family, and friends includes newspaper, TV, magazines, friends, and family members.
Note: Standard deviations are shown in the parentheses.
Latent classes, conventional breeding sample: means of demographic variables and ANOVA comparisons across groups
| . | Mean . | Analysis of variance comparison P-value . | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable . | Group 1 . | Group 2 . | Group 3 . | Group 4 . | Group 1 vs. 2 . | Group 1 vs. 3 . | Group 1 vs. 4 . | Group 2 vs. 3 . | Group 2 vs. 4 . | Group 3 vs. 4 . |
| Number of respondents in each group | 299 | 640 | 313 | 171 | ||||||
| Share of respondents in each group (per cent) | 21 | 45 | 22 | 11 | ||||||
| Sociodemographic variables (group-specific fraction of respondents in each category) | ||||||||||
| Male | 0.55 (0.50) | 0.45 (0.50) | 0.26 (0.44) | 0.24 (0.43) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.77 |
| Millennial born after 1981 | 0.66 (0.48) | 0.64 (0.48) | 0.26 (0.44) | 0.27 (0.44) | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.80 |
| Income |$\ge {\rm{\ }}$|$99,922/year | 0.40 (0.49) | 0.47 (0.50) | 0.49 (0.50) | 0.40 (0.49) | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.92 | 0.59 | 0.10 | 0.06 |
| White | 0.81 (0.39) | 0.69 (0.46) | 0.84 (0.37) | 0.83 (0.37) | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.53 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.87 |
| Education |$\ge $| bachelor's degree | 0.62 (0.49) | 0.58 (0.49) | 0.62 (0.48) | 0.48 (0.50) | 0.21 | 0.91 | 0.00 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
| Family size |$\ge 3$| | 0.51 (0.50) | 0.57 (0.50) | 0.55 (0.50) | 0.54 (0.50) | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0.52 | 0.71 | 0.58 | 0.81 |
| Number of children under 18 |$\ge 1$| | 0.61 (0.49) | 0.57 (0.49) | 0.61 (0.49) | 0.59 (0.49) | 0.28 | 0.93 | 0.69 | 0.35 | 0.71 | 0.74 |
| Frequency of consumption |$\ge $| once/week | 0.37 (0.48) | 0.41 (0.49) | 0.20 (0.40) | 0.19 (0.40) | 0.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.95 |
| Respondents’ ratings for the most trusted sources of information (1 = strongly do not trust, 5 = strongly trust) | ||||||||||
| Scientific groupsa | 4.15 (0.72) | 3.75 (0.85) | 3.97 (0.71) | 3.70 (0.80) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.46 | 0.00 |
| Producer-oriented groupsb | 3.99 (0.73) | 3.67 (0.78) | 3.64 (0.71) | 3.52 (0.74) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 0.10 |
| Universities | 4.06 (0.90) | 3.68 (1.06) | 3.69 (0.88) | 3.38 (0.91) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.88 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Governmentc | 3.89 (0.85) | 3.47 (0.95) | 3.39 (0.85) | 3.33 (0.83) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 0.48 |
| Consumer-oriented groupsd | 3.88 (0.82) | 3.45 (0.95) | 3.34 (0.76) | 3.16 (0.83) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.04 |
| Social media, media, friends, and family memberse | 3.74 (0.88) | 3.37 (0.90) | 2.94 (0.72) | 2.98 (0.73) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.68 |
| Respondents’ ratings for the level of knowledge about breeding technologies (1 = completely uninformed, 5 = completely informed) | ||||||||||
| Knowledge of genetic engineering | 3.66 (1.23) | 3.44 (1.18) | 2.75 (1.18) | 2.73 (1.28) | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
| Knowledge of CRISPR | 3.38 (1.30) | 3.24 (1.19) | 2.50 (1.14) | 2.47 (1.20) | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
| Respondents’ ratings on the perception of breeding technologies (1 = highly risky to eat, highly unnatural, completely unethical, 5 = totally safe to eat, completely natural, completely ethical) | ||||||||||
| CRISPR is safe | 3.51 (1.16) | 3.38 (1.09) | 3.16 (1.08) | 2.98 (1.04) | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.08 |
| Genetic engineering is safe | 3.32 (1.29) | 3.37 (1.19) | 3.05 (1.20) | 2.83 (1.22) | 0.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 |
| CRISPR is natural | 3.18 (1.34) | 3.09 (1.25) | 2.38 (1.04) | 2.45 (1.01) | 0.31 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.58 |
| Genetic engineering is natural | 2.94 (1.34) | 3.06 (1.32) | 2.23 (1.10) | 2.23 (1.10) | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.98 |
| CRISPR is ethical and morally acceptable | 3.44 (1.24) | 3.36 (1.20) | 3.03 (1.09) | 2.91 (1.09) | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.30 |
| Genetic engineering is ethical and morally acceptable | 3.16 (1.34) | 3.30 (1.26) | 2.85 (1.23) | 2.77 (1.26) | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.51 |
| . | Mean . | Analysis of variance comparison P-value . | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable . | Group 1 . | Group 2 . | Group 3 . | Group 4 . | Group 1 vs. 2 . | Group 1 vs. 3 . | Group 1 vs. 4 . | Group 2 vs. 3 . | Group 2 vs. 4 . | Group 3 vs. 4 . |
| Number of respondents in each group | 299 | 640 | 313 | 171 | ||||||
| Share of respondents in each group (per cent) | 21 | 45 | 22 | 11 | ||||||
| Sociodemographic variables (group-specific fraction of respondents in each category) | ||||||||||
| Male | 0.55 (0.50) | 0.45 (0.50) | 0.26 (0.44) | 0.24 (0.43) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.77 |
| Millennial born after 1981 | 0.66 (0.48) | 0.64 (0.48) | 0.26 (0.44) | 0.27 (0.44) | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.80 |
| Income |$\ge {\rm{\ }}$|$99,922/year | 0.40 (0.49) | 0.47 (0.50) | 0.49 (0.50) | 0.40 (0.49) | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.92 | 0.59 | 0.10 | 0.06 |
| White | 0.81 (0.39) | 0.69 (0.46) | 0.84 (0.37) | 0.83 (0.37) | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.53 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.87 |
| Education |$\ge $| bachelor's degree | 0.62 (0.49) | 0.58 (0.49) | 0.62 (0.48) | 0.48 (0.50) | 0.21 | 0.91 | 0.00 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
| Family size |$\ge 3$| | 0.51 (0.50) | 0.57 (0.50) | 0.55 (0.50) | 0.54 (0.50) | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0.52 | 0.71 | 0.58 | 0.81 |
| Number of children under 18 |$\ge 1$| | 0.61 (0.49) | 0.57 (0.49) | 0.61 (0.49) | 0.59 (0.49) | 0.28 | 0.93 | 0.69 | 0.35 | 0.71 | 0.74 |
| Frequency of consumption |$\ge $| once/week | 0.37 (0.48) | 0.41 (0.49) | 0.20 (0.40) | 0.19 (0.40) | 0.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.95 |
| Respondents’ ratings for the most trusted sources of information (1 = strongly do not trust, 5 = strongly trust) | ||||||||||
| Scientific groupsa | 4.15 (0.72) | 3.75 (0.85) | 3.97 (0.71) | 3.70 (0.80) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.46 | 0.00 |
| Producer-oriented groupsb | 3.99 (0.73) | 3.67 (0.78) | 3.64 (0.71) | 3.52 (0.74) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 0.10 |
| Universities | 4.06 (0.90) | 3.68 (1.06) | 3.69 (0.88) | 3.38 (0.91) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.88 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Governmentc | 3.89 (0.85) | 3.47 (0.95) | 3.39 (0.85) | 3.33 (0.83) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 0.48 |
| Consumer-oriented groupsd | 3.88 (0.82) | 3.45 (0.95) | 3.34 (0.76) | 3.16 (0.83) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.04 |
| Social media, media, friends, and family memberse | 3.74 (0.88) | 3.37 (0.90) | 2.94 (0.72) | 2.98 (0.73) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.68 |
| Respondents’ ratings for the level of knowledge about breeding technologies (1 = completely uninformed, 5 = completely informed) | ||||||||||
| Knowledge of genetic engineering | 3.66 (1.23) | 3.44 (1.18) | 2.75 (1.18) | 2.73 (1.28) | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
| Knowledge of CRISPR | 3.38 (1.30) | 3.24 (1.19) | 2.50 (1.14) | 2.47 (1.20) | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.82 |
| Respondents’ ratings on the perception of breeding technologies (1 = highly risky to eat, highly unnatural, completely unethical, 5 = totally safe to eat, completely natural, completely ethical) | ||||||||||
| CRISPR is safe | 3.51 (1.16) | 3.38 (1.09) | 3.16 (1.08) | 2.98 (1.04) | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.08 |
| Genetic engineering is safe | 3.32 (1.29) | 3.37 (1.19) | 3.05 (1.20) | 2.83 (1.22) | 0.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 |
| CRISPR is natural | 3.18 (1.34) | 3.09 (1.25) | 2.38 (1.04) | 2.45 (1.01) | 0.31 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.58 |
| Genetic engineering is natural | 2.94 (1.34) | 3.06 (1.32) | 2.23 (1.10) | 2.23 (1.10) | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.98 |
| CRISPR is ethical and morally acceptable | 3.44 (1.24) | 3.36 (1.20) | 3.03 (1.09) | 2.91 (1.09) | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.30 |
| Genetic engineering is ethical and morally acceptable | 3.16 (1.34) | 3.30 (1.26) | 2.85 (1.23) | 2.77 (1.26) | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.51 |
Scientific groups include medical professionals (e.g. your primary physician), scientific associations (e.g. American Association for the Advancement of Science), and scientific journals (e.g. Nature, Science).
Producer-oriented groups include individual farmers, farmer's organizations (e.g. California Table Grape Commission), food manufacturers (e.g. Nestle, General Mills), and food retailers (e.g. Walmart, Safeway).
Government includes local government (e.g. local mayor) and government agencies (e.g. US Department of Agriculture).
Consumer-oriented groups include activist groups (e.g. Green America) and consumer organization (e.g. American Council of Consumers).
Social, media, family, and friends includes newspaper, TV, magazines, friends, and family members.
Note: Standard deviations are shown in the parentheses.
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