| . | Absolute (in SD units) . | Relative (in percent) . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | FEi . | MLM . | FEd . | FEi . | MLM . | FEd . |
| (a) Matched subsample | ||||||
| Individual | 20.6 | 24.5 | 20.6 | 4.8 | 6.8 | 4.8 |
| (0.2) | (0.3) | (0.2) | (0.1) | (0.2) | (0.1) | |
| Household | 48.1 | 41.2 | 44.1 | 26.1 | 19.1 | 21.9 |
| (0.3) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (0.3) | |
| School | 10.6 | 24.5 | 20.6 | 1.3 | 6.8 | 4.8 |
| (0.3) | (0.2) | (0.4) | (0.1) | (0.1) | (0.2) | |
| Sorting | 22.5 | 19.4 | 23.8 | 5.7 | 4.3 | 6.4 |
| (0.3) | (0.8) | (0.3) | (0.1) | (0.4) | (0.2) | |
| Community | 33.0 | 38.3 | 33.0 | 12.3 | 16.5 | 12.3 |
| (1.0) | (0.5) | (1.0) | (0.7) | (0.4) | (0.7) | |
| Residual | 66.5 | 64.3 | 66.5 | 49.9 | 46.5 | 49.9 |
| (0.4) | (0.6) | (0.4) | (0.5) | (0.6) | (0.5) | |
| (b) Full sample | ||||||
| Individual | 21.3 | 25.0 | 21.3 | 4.5 | 6.3 | 4.5 |
| (0.2) | (0.3) | (0.2) | (0.1) | (0.2) | (0.1) | |
| Household | 45.6 | 43.4 | 44.4 | 20.8 | 18.8 | 19.7 |
| (0.4) | (0.5) | (0.4) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (0.4) | |
| School | 25.1 | 31.2 | 28.2 | 6.3 | 9.8 | 7.9 |
| (0.8) | (0.5) | (0.7) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (0.3) | |
| Sorting | 31.4 | 29.5 | 30.5 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 9.3 |
| (0.7) | (1.3) | (0.7) | (0.3) | (0.6) | (0.3) | |
| Community | 36.0 | 38.1 | 36.0 | 13.0 | 14.5 | 13.0 |
| (1.8) | (0.6) | (1.8) | (1.1) | (0.4) | (1.1) | |
| Residual | 67.5 | 64.7 | 67.5 | 45.5 | 41.9 | 45.5 |
| (0.5) | (0.7) | (0.5) | (0.8) | (0.9) | (0.8) | |
| . | Absolute (in SD units) . | Relative (in percent) . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | FEi . | MLM . | FEd . | FEi . | MLM . | FEd . |
| (a) Matched subsample | ||||||
| Individual | 20.6 | 24.5 | 20.6 | 4.8 | 6.8 | 4.8 |
| (0.2) | (0.3) | (0.2) | (0.1) | (0.2) | (0.1) | |
| Household | 48.1 | 41.2 | 44.1 | 26.1 | 19.1 | 21.9 |
| (0.3) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (0.3) | |
| School | 10.6 | 24.5 | 20.6 | 1.3 | 6.8 | 4.8 |
| (0.3) | (0.2) | (0.4) | (0.1) | (0.1) | (0.2) | |
| Sorting | 22.5 | 19.4 | 23.8 | 5.7 | 4.3 | 6.4 |
| (0.3) | (0.8) | (0.3) | (0.1) | (0.4) | (0.2) | |
| Community | 33.0 | 38.3 | 33.0 | 12.3 | 16.5 | 12.3 |
| (1.0) | (0.5) | (1.0) | (0.7) | (0.4) | (0.7) | |
| Residual | 66.5 | 64.3 | 66.5 | 49.9 | 46.5 | 49.9 |
| (0.4) | (0.6) | (0.4) | (0.5) | (0.6) | (0.5) | |
| (b) Full sample | ||||||
| Individual | 21.3 | 25.0 | 21.3 | 4.5 | 6.3 | 4.5 |
| (0.2) | (0.3) | (0.2) | (0.1) | (0.2) | (0.1) | |
| Household | 45.6 | 43.4 | 44.4 | 20.8 | 18.8 | 19.7 |
| (0.4) | (0.5) | (0.4) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (0.4) | |
| School | 25.1 | 31.2 | 28.2 | 6.3 | 9.8 | 7.9 |
| (0.8) | (0.5) | (0.7) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (0.3) | |
| Sorting | 31.4 | 29.5 | 30.5 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 9.3 |
| (0.7) | (1.3) | (0.7) | (0.3) | (0.6) | (0.3) | |
| Community | 36.0 | 38.1 | 36.0 | 13.0 | 14.5 | 13.0 |
| (1.8) | (0.6) | (1.8) | (1.1) | (0.4) | (1.1) | |
| Residual | 67.5 | 64.7 | 67.5 | 45.5 | 41.9 | 45.5 |
| (0.5) | (0.7) | (0.5) | (0.8) | (0.9) | (0.8) | |
Source: Authors’ elaboration.
Note: Columns indicate the outcome transformation and decomposition method, abbreviated as FEi = indirect fixed effects, MLM = mixed-effects linear model, and FEd = direct fixed effects; “absolute” refers to standard deviation units (×100); “relative” is as a percentage of the total variance; standard errors (in parentheses) calculated via a clustered bootstrap procedure; matched subsample refers to children attending the main local public school in each location; SD units are standard deviation units.
| . | Absolute (in SD units) . | Relative (in percent) . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | FEi . | MLM . | FEd . | FEi . | MLM . | FEd . |
| (a) Matched subsample | ||||||
| Individual | 20.6 | 24.5 | 20.6 | 4.8 | 6.8 | 4.8 |
| (0.2) | (0.3) | (0.2) | (0.1) | (0.2) | (0.1) | |
| Household | 48.1 | 41.2 | 44.1 | 26.1 | 19.1 | 21.9 |
| (0.3) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (0.3) | |
| School | 10.6 | 24.5 | 20.6 | 1.3 | 6.8 | 4.8 |
| (0.3) | (0.2) | (0.4) | (0.1) | (0.1) | (0.2) | |
| Sorting | 22.5 | 19.4 | 23.8 | 5.7 | 4.3 | 6.4 |
| (0.3) | (0.8) | (0.3) | (0.1) | (0.4) | (0.2) | |
| Community | 33.0 | 38.3 | 33.0 | 12.3 | 16.5 | 12.3 |
| (1.0) | (0.5) | (1.0) | (0.7) | (0.4) | (0.7) | |
| Residual | 66.5 | 64.3 | 66.5 | 49.9 | 46.5 | 49.9 |
| (0.4) | (0.6) | (0.4) | (0.5) | (0.6) | (0.5) | |
| (b) Full sample | ||||||
| Individual | 21.3 | 25.0 | 21.3 | 4.5 | 6.3 | 4.5 |
| (0.2) | (0.3) | (0.2) | (0.1) | (0.2) | (0.1) | |
| Household | 45.6 | 43.4 | 44.4 | 20.8 | 18.8 | 19.7 |
| (0.4) | (0.5) | (0.4) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (0.4) | |
| School | 25.1 | 31.2 | 28.2 | 6.3 | 9.8 | 7.9 |
| (0.8) | (0.5) | (0.7) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (0.3) | |
| Sorting | 31.4 | 29.5 | 30.5 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 9.3 |
| (0.7) | (1.3) | (0.7) | (0.3) | (0.6) | (0.3) | |
| Community | 36.0 | 38.1 | 36.0 | 13.0 | 14.5 | 13.0 |
| (1.8) | (0.6) | (1.8) | (1.1) | (0.4) | (1.1) | |
| Residual | 67.5 | 64.7 | 67.5 | 45.5 | 41.9 | 45.5 |
| (0.5) | (0.7) | (0.5) | (0.8) | (0.9) | (0.8) | |
| . | Absolute (in SD units) . | Relative (in percent) . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | FEi . | MLM . | FEd . | FEi . | MLM . | FEd . |
| (a) Matched subsample | ||||||
| Individual | 20.6 | 24.5 | 20.6 | 4.8 | 6.8 | 4.8 |
| (0.2) | (0.3) | (0.2) | (0.1) | (0.2) | (0.1) | |
| Household | 48.1 | 41.2 | 44.1 | 26.1 | 19.1 | 21.9 |
| (0.3) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (0.3) | |
| School | 10.6 | 24.5 | 20.6 | 1.3 | 6.8 | 4.8 |
| (0.3) | (0.2) | (0.4) | (0.1) | (0.1) | (0.2) | |
| Sorting | 22.5 | 19.4 | 23.8 | 5.7 | 4.3 | 6.4 |
| (0.3) | (0.8) | (0.3) | (0.1) | (0.4) | (0.2) | |
| Community | 33.0 | 38.3 | 33.0 | 12.3 | 16.5 | 12.3 |
| (1.0) | (0.5) | (1.0) | (0.7) | (0.4) | (0.7) | |
| Residual | 66.5 | 64.3 | 66.5 | 49.9 | 46.5 | 49.9 |
| (0.4) | (0.6) | (0.4) | (0.5) | (0.6) | (0.5) | |
| (b) Full sample | ||||||
| Individual | 21.3 | 25.0 | 21.3 | 4.5 | 6.3 | 4.5 |
| (0.2) | (0.3) | (0.2) | (0.1) | (0.2) | (0.1) | |
| Household | 45.6 | 43.4 | 44.4 | 20.8 | 18.8 | 19.7 |
| (0.4) | (0.5) | (0.4) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (0.4) | |
| School | 25.1 | 31.2 | 28.2 | 6.3 | 9.8 | 7.9 |
| (0.8) | (0.5) | (0.7) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (0.3) | |
| Sorting | 31.4 | 29.5 | 30.5 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 9.3 |
| (0.7) | (1.3) | (0.7) | (0.3) | (0.6) | (0.3) | |
| Community | 36.0 | 38.1 | 36.0 | 13.0 | 14.5 | 13.0 |
| (1.8) | (0.6) | (1.8) | (1.1) | (0.4) | (1.1) | |
| Residual | 67.5 | 64.7 | 67.5 | 45.5 | 41.9 | 45.5 |
| (0.5) | (0.7) | (0.5) | (0.8) | (0.9) | (0.8) | |
Source: Authors’ elaboration.
Note: Columns indicate the outcome transformation and decomposition method, abbreviated as FEi = indirect fixed effects, MLM = mixed-effects linear model, and FEd = direct fixed effects; “absolute” refers to standard deviation units (×100); “relative” is as a percentage of the total variance; standard errors (in parentheses) calculated via a clustered bootstrap procedure; matched subsample refers to children attending the main local public school in each location; SD units are standard deviation units.
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