Table 2. Open in new tab Balance...

	Dependent variable:
25% discount	0.037	−0.064	0.057	0.011	0.380	0.012	−0.068	−0.012
	(0.071)	(0.073)	(1.546)	(0.894)	(0.816)	(0.079)	(0.070)	(0.067)
50% discount	0.013	−0.056	0.781	−0.762	0.152	0.005	0.010	−0.055
	(0.070)	(0.073)	(1.533)	(0.890)	(0.812)	(0.078)	(0.070)	(0.067)
75% discount	0.049	0.020	1.239	0.958	−0.522	0.032	0.040	0.025
	(0.072)	(0.074)	(1.564)	(0.908)	(0.825)	(0.080)	(0.071)	(0.068)
90% discount	−0.074	0.077	2.484	−0.188	−1.040	−0.003	−0.018	−0.006
	(0.072)	(0.074)	(1.559)	(0.902)	(0.823)	(0.079)	(0.071)	(0.068)
10% discount × discussion	−0.014	−0.056	0.741	−0.227	0.240	−0.104	−0.004	−0.067
	(0.072)	(0.074)	(1.560)	(0.906)	(0.823)	(0.079)	(0.071)	(0.068)
25% discount × discussion	−0.037	0.008	1.798	−0.884	−0.067	−0.040	0.048	0.019
	(0.071)	(0.074)	(1.548)	(0.899)	(0.814)	(0.079)	(0.070)	(0.067)
50% discount × discussion	−0.036	0.080	1.691	0.537	−1.270	−0.027	0.060	0.033
	(0.071)	(0.073)	(1.544)	(0.900)	(0.818)	(0.079)	(0.070)	(0.067)
75% discount × discussion	−0.064	−0.021	−0.319	−0.784	0.856	−0.069	−0.030	−0.118*
	(0.071)	(0.073)	(1.537)	(0.893)	(0.808)	(0.078)	(0.070)	(0.067)
90% discount × discussion	0.037	−0.077	−1.386	0.152	1.124	−0.150*	−0.041	−0.033
	(0.070)	(0.072)	(1.516)	(0.877)	(0.797)	(0.077)	(0.069)	(0.066)
F-statistics	0.334	0.574	0.708	0.443	1.226	1.283	0.362	0.925
\|$\Pr (\gt F)$\|	0.892	0.72	0.618	0.818	0.295	0.269	0.874	0.464
Observations	687	687	687	682	684	687	687	686

Dependent variable:

Brahmin

Chhetri

Age

Educ.

Father educ.

Family income

Hindu

Married

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

25% discount

0.037

−0.064

0.057

0.011

0.380

0.012

−0.068

−0.012

(0.071)

(0.073)

(1.546)

(0.894)

(0.816)

(0.079)

(0.070)

(0.067)

50% discount

0.013

−0.056

0.781

−0.762

0.152

0.005

0.010

−0.055

(0.070)

(0.073)

(1.533)

(0.890)

(0.812)

(0.078)

(0.070)

(0.067)

75% discount

0.049

0.020

1.239

0.958

−0.522

0.032

0.040

0.025

(0.072)

(0.074)

(1.564)

(0.908)

(0.825)

(0.080)

(0.071)

(0.068)

90% discount

−0.074

0.077

2.484

−0.188

−1.040

−0.003

−0.018

−0.006

(0.072)

(0.074)

(1.559)

(0.902)

(0.823)

(0.079)

(0.071)

(0.068)

10% discount × discussion

−0.014

−0.056

0.741

−0.227

0.240

−0.104

−0.004

−0.067

(0.072)

(0.074)

(1.560)

(0.906)

(0.823)

(0.079)

(0.071)

(0.068)

25% discount × discussion

−0.037

0.008

1.798

−0.884

−0.067

−0.040

0.048

0.019

(0.071)

(0.074)

(1.548)

(0.899)

(0.814)

(0.079)

(0.070)

(0.067)

50% discount × discussion

−0.036

0.080

1.691

0.537

−1.270

−0.027

0.060

0.033

(0.071)

(0.073)

(1.544)

(0.900)

(0.818)

(0.079)

(0.070)

(0.067)

75% discount × discussion

−0.064

−0.021

−0.319

−0.784

0.856

−0.069

−0.030

−0.118*

(0.071)

(0.073)

(1.537)

(0.893)

(0.808)

(0.078)

(0.070)

(0.067)

90% discount × discussion

0.037

−0.077

−1.386

0.152

1.124

−0.150*

−0.041

−0.033

(0.070)

(0.072)

(1.516)

(0.877)

(0.797)

(0.077)

(0.069)

(0.066)

F-statistics

0.334

0.574

0.708

0.443

1.226

1.283

0.362

0.925

|$\Pr (\gt F)$|

0.892

0.72

0.618

0.818

0.295

0.269

0.874

0.464

Observations

687

682

684

687

686

	Dependent variable:
25% discount	0.037	−0.064	0.057	0.011	0.380	0.012	−0.068	−0.012
	(0.071)	(0.073)	(1.546)	(0.894)	(0.816)	(0.079)	(0.070)	(0.067)
50% discount	0.013	−0.056	0.781	−0.762	0.152	0.005	0.010	−0.055
	(0.070)	(0.073)	(1.533)	(0.890)	(0.812)	(0.078)	(0.070)	(0.067)
75% discount	0.049	0.020	1.239	0.958	−0.522	0.032	0.040	0.025
	(0.072)	(0.074)	(1.564)	(0.908)	(0.825)	(0.080)	(0.071)	(0.068)
90% discount	−0.074	0.077	2.484	−0.188	−1.040	−0.003	−0.018	−0.006
	(0.072)	(0.074)	(1.559)	(0.902)	(0.823)	(0.079)	(0.071)	(0.068)
10% discount × discussion	−0.014	−0.056	0.741	−0.227	0.240	−0.104	−0.004	−0.067
	(0.072)	(0.074)	(1.560)	(0.906)	(0.823)	(0.079)	(0.071)	(0.068)
25% discount × discussion	−0.037	0.008	1.798	−0.884	−0.067	−0.040	0.048	0.019
	(0.071)	(0.074)	(1.548)	(0.899)	(0.814)	(0.079)	(0.070)	(0.067)
50% discount × discussion	−0.036	0.080	1.691	0.537	−1.270	−0.027	0.060	0.033
	(0.071)	(0.073)	(1.544)	(0.900)	(0.818)	(0.079)	(0.070)	(0.067)
75% discount × discussion	−0.064	−0.021	−0.319	−0.784	0.856	−0.069	−0.030	−0.118*
	(0.071)	(0.073)	(1.537)	(0.893)	(0.808)	(0.078)	(0.070)	(0.067)
90% discount × discussion	0.037	−0.077	−1.386	0.152	1.124	−0.150*	−0.041	−0.033
	(0.070)	(0.072)	(1.516)	(0.877)	(0.797)	(0.077)	(0.069)	(0.066)
F-statistics	0.334	0.574	0.708	0.443	1.226	1.283	0.362	0.925
\|$\Pr (\gt F)$\|	0.892	0.72	0.618	0.818	0.295	0.269	0.874	0.464
Observations	687	687	687	682	684	687	687	686

Table 2.

Open in new tab

Balance Exercise across Treatment Arms—Demographic Characteristics

	Dependent variable:
	Brahmin	Chhetri	Age	Educ.	Father educ.	Family income	Hindu	Married
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
25% discount	0.037	−0.064	0.057	0.011	0.380	0.012	−0.068	−0.012
	(0.071)	(0.073)	(1.546)	(0.894)	(0.816)	(0.079)	(0.070)	(0.067)
50% discount	0.013	−0.056	0.781	−0.762	0.152	0.005	0.010	−0.055
	(0.070)	(0.073)	(1.533)	(0.890)	(0.812)	(0.078)	(0.070)	(0.067)
75% discount	0.049	0.020	1.239	0.958	−0.522	0.032	0.040	0.025
	(0.072)	(0.074)	(1.564)	(0.908)	(0.825)	(0.080)	(0.071)	(0.068)
90% discount	−0.074	0.077	2.484	−0.188	−1.040	−0.003	−0.018	−0.006
	(0.072)	(0.074)	(1.559)	(0.902)	(0.823)	(0.079)	(0.071)	(0.068)
10% discount × discussion	−0.014	−0.056	0.741	−0.227	0.240	−0.104	−0.004	−0.067
	(0.072)	(0.074)	(1.560)	(0.906)	(0.823)	(0.079)	(0.071)	(0.068)
25% discount × discussion	−0.037	0.008	1.798	−0.884	−0.067	−0.040	0.048	0.019
	(0.071)	(0.074)	(1.548)	(0.899)	(0.814)	(0.079)	(0.070)	(0.067)
50% discount × discussion	−0.036	0.080	1.691	0.537	−1.270	−0.027	0.060	0.033
	(0.071)	(0.073)	(1.544)	(0.900)	(0.818)	(0.079)	(0.070)	(0.067)
75% discount × discussion	−0.064	−0.021	−0.319	−0.784	0.856	−0.069	−0.030	−0.118*
	(0.071)	(0.073)	(1.537)	(0.893)	(0.808)	(0.078)	(0.070)	(0.067)
90% discount × discussion	0.037	−0.077	−1.386	0.152	1.124	−0.150*	−0.041	−0.033
	(0.070)	(0.072)	(1.516)	(0.877)	(0.797)	(0.077)	(0.069)	(0.066)
F-statistics	0.334	0.574	0.708	0.443	1.226	1.283	0.362	0.925
\|$\Pr (\gt F)$\|	0.892	0.72	0.618	0.818	0.295	0.269	0.874	0.464
Observations	687	687	687	682	684	687	687	686

	Dependent variable:
	Brahmin	Chhetri	Age	Educ.	Father educ.	Family income	Hindu	Married
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
25% discount	0.037	−0.064	0.057	0.011	0.380	0.012	−0.068	−0.012
	(0.071)	(0.073)	(1.546)	(0.894)	(0.816)	(0.079)	(0.070)	(0.067)
50% discount	0.013	−0.056	0.781	−0.762	0.152	0.005	0.010	−0.055
	(0.070)	(0.073)	(1.533)	(0.890)	(0.812)	(0.078)	(0.070)	(0.067)
75% discount	0.049	0.020	1.239	0.958	−0.522	0.032	0.040	0.025
	(0.072)	(0.074)	(1.564)	(0.908)	(0.825)	(0.080)	(0.071)	(0.068)
90% discount	−0.074	0.077	2.484	−0.188	−1.040	−0.003	−0.018	−0.006
	(0.072)	(0.074)	(1.559)	(0.902)	(0.823)	(0.079)	(0.071)	(0.068)
10% discount × discussion	−0.014	−0.056	0.741	−0.227	0.240	−0.104	−0.004	−0.067
	(0.072)	(0.074)	(1.560)	(0.906)	(0.823)	(0.079)	(0.071)	(0.068)
25% discount × discussion	−0.037	0.008	1.798	−0.884	−0.067	−0.040	0.048	0.019
	(0.071)	(0.074)	(1.548)	(0.899)	(0.814)	(0.079)	(0.070)	(0.067)
50% discount × discussion	−0.036	0.080	1.691	0.537	−1.270	−0.027	0.060	0.033
	(0.071)	(0.073)	(1.544)	(0.900)	(0.818)	(0.079)	(0.070)	(0.067)
75% discount × discussion	−0.064	−0.021	−0.319	−0.784	0.856	−0.069	−0.030	−0.118*
	(0.071)	(0.073)	(1.537)	(0.893)	(0.808)	(0.078)	(0.070)	(0.067)
90% discount × discussion	0.037	−0.077	−1.386	0.152	1.124	−0.150*	−0.041	−0.033
	(0.070)	(0.072)	(1.516)	(0.877)	(0.797)	(0.077)	(0.069)	(0.066)
F-statistics	0.334	0.574	0.708	0.443	1.226	1.283	0.362	0.925
\|$\Pr (\gt F)$\|	0.892	0.72	0.618	0.818	0.295	0.269	0.874	0.464
Observations	687	687	687	682	684	687	687	686

Source: Authors’ calculation.

Note: The table shows the balance across different treatment arms on demographic characteristics. The characteristic indicated in the column headings is regressed on treatment dummies. The columns include the following variables: (1) Brahmin household, (2) Chhetri household, (3) age, (4) years of schooling, (5) years of father’s schooling, (6) family income of Rs. 0–25,000 per month, (7) Hindu religion, and (8) whether an individual is married. The F-statistics are from the joint hypothesis testing under the null that the coefficients on the subsidy-plus-discussion group are jointly equal to zero. The p-values corresponding to the respective F-statistic are reported. Standard errors are presented in parentheses. All regressions account for the stratification variable. Table S3.2 in the supplementary online appendix performs a similar balance exercise to the table above, albeit after excluding non-compliers in the subsidy-plus-discussion group.

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