Table 9. Open in new tab Discussion...

	Dependent variable:
Mid discount	0.095	0.067	0.165**	0.178**	0.213**	0.195**	0.147	0.120
	(0.101)	(0.101)	(0.082)	(0.082)	(0.090)	(0.091)	(0.106)	(0.106)
High discount	0.288***	0.268***	0.364***	0.356***	0.434***	0.420***	0.296***	0.277***
	(0.089)	(0.088)	(0.068)	(0.068)	(0.079)	(0.080)	(0.093)	(0.092)
Low discount × discussion	−0.011	−0.053	0.087	0.053	0.084	0.063	0.056	0.027
	(0.096)	(0.095)	(0.076)	(0.077)	(0.086)	(0.087)	(0.098)	(0.099)
Mid discount × discussion	0.133	0.142	0.154	0.075	0.146	0.170	0.144	0.116
	(0.137)	(0.137)	(0.110)	(0.113)	(0.125)	(0.125)	(0.151)	(0.154)
High discount × discussion	0.071	0.047	0.061	0.035	0.029	0.016	0.067	0.050
	(0.092)	(0.093)	(0.076)	(0.076)	(0.080)	(0.080)	(0.095)	(0.095)
Low discount × high stigma	−0.108	−0.140*	−0.010	0.013	0.016	0.034	−0.083	−0.087
	(0.083)	(0.083)	(0.083)	(0.083)	(0.079)	(0.080)	(0.085)	(0.085)
Mid discount × high stigma	0.022	0.033	0.004	−0.018	−0.090	−0.021	−0.068	−0.036
	(0.109)	(0.110)	(0.113)	(0.112)	(0.111)	(0.115)	(0.110)	(0.111)
High discount × high stigma	−0.011	−0.022	−0.068	−0.048	−0.178**	−0.149*	−0.010	0.003
	(0.084)	(0.085)	(0.084)	(0.084)	(0.079)	(0.080)	(0.084)	(0.084)
Low discount × high stigma × discussion	0.220*	0.253**	0.088	0.116	0.086	0.084	0.094	0.100
	(0.127)	(0.127)	(0.134)	(0.134)	(0.127)	(0.128)	(0.129)	(0.128)
Mid discount × high stigma × discussion	0.145	0.088	0.182	0.310*	0.162	0.044	0.134	0.131
	(0.180)	(0.181)	(0.185)	(0.186)	(0.179)	(0.183)	(0.188)	(0.191)
High discount × high stigma × discussion	0.144	0.125	0.230*	0.205	0.276**	0.228*	0.139	0.113
	(0.123)	(0.122)	(0.125)	(0.125)	(0.121)	(0.122)	(0.124)	(0.122)
Add controls	—	X	—	X	—	X	—	X
Prop. redeem low discount	0.19	—	0.176	—	0.188	—	0.204	—
Obs. low discount cell	58	—	91	—	64	—	49	—
Observations	568	561	569	561	570	561	567	560
R²	0.174	0.212	0.174	0.214	0.179	0.211	0.169	0.208

Dependent variable:

Redemption

Kept in shed

Temp. untouch.

Did not purchase

Stigma index

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Mid discount

0.095

0.067

0.165**

0.178**

0.213**

0.195**

0.147

0.120

(0.101)

(0.082)

(0.090)

(0.091)

(0.106)

High discount

0.288***

0.268***

0.364***

0.356***

0.434***

0.420***

0.296***

0.277***

(0.089)

(0.088)

(0.068)

(0.079)

(0.080)

(0.093)

(0.092)

Low discount × discussion

−0.011

−0.053

0.087

0.053

0.084

0.063

0.056

0.027

(0.096)

(0.095)

(0.076)

(0.077)

(0.086)

(0.087)

(0.098)

(0.099)

Mid discount × discussion

0.133

0.142

0.154

0.075

0.146

0.170

0.144

0.116

(0.137)

(0.110)

(0.113)

(0.125)

(0.151)

(0.154)

High discount × discussion

0.071

0.047

0.061

0.035

0.029

0.016

0.067

0.050

(0.092)

(0.093)

(0.076)

(0.080)

(0.095)

Low discount × high stigma

−0.108

−0.140*

−0.010

0.013

0.016

0.034

−0.083

−0.087

(0.083)

(0.079)

(0.080)

(0.085)

Mid discount × high stigma

0.022

0.033

0.004

−0.018

−0.090

−0.021

−0.068

−0.036

(0.109)

(0.110)

(0.113)

(0.112)

(0.111)

(0.115)

(0.110)

(0.111)

High discount × high stigma

−0.011

−0.022

−0.068

−0.048

−0.178**

−0.149*

−0.010

0.003

(0.084)

(0.085)

(0.084)

(0.079)

(0.080)

(0.084)

Low discount × high stigma × discussion

0.220*

0.253**

0.088

0.116

0.086

0.084

0.094

0.100

(0.127)

(0.134)

(0.127)

(0.128)

(0.129)

(0.128)

Mid discount × high stigma × discussion

0.145

0.088

0.182

0.310*

0.162

0.044

0.134

0.131

(0.180)

(0.181)

(0.185)

(0.186)

(0.179)

(0.183)

(0.188)

(0.191)

High discount × high stigma × discussion

0.144

0.125

0.230*

0.205

0.276**

0.228*

0.139

0.113

(0.123)

(0.122)

(0.125)

(0.121)

(0.122)

(0.124)

(0.122)

Add controls

—

Prop. redeem low discount

0.19

—

0.176

—

0.188

—

0.204

—

Obs. low discount cell

—

Observations

568

561

569

561

570

561

567

560

R²

0.174

0.212

0.174

0.214

0.179

0.211

0.169

0.208

	Dependent variable:
Mid discount	0.095	0.067	0.165**	0.178**	0.213**	0.195**	0.147	0.120
	(0.101)	(0.101)	(0.082)	(0.082)	(0.090)	(0.091)	(0.106)	(0.106)
High discount	0.288***	0.268***	0.364***	0.356***	0.434***	0.420***	0.296***	0.277***
	(0.089)	(0.088)	(0.068)	(0.068)	(0.079)	(0.080)	(0.093)	(0.092)
Low discount × discussion	−0.011	−0.053	0.087	0.053	0.084	0.063	0.056	0.027
	(0.096)	(0.095)	(0.076)	(0.077)	(0.086)	(0.087)	(0.098)	(0.099)
Mid discount × discussion	0.133	0.142	0.154	0.075	0.146	0.170	0.144	0.116
	(0.137)	(0.137)	(0.110)	(0.113)	(0.125)	(0.125)	(0.151)	(0.154)
High discount × discussion	0.071	0.047	0.061	0.035	0.029	0.016	0.067	0.050
	(0.092)	(0.093)	(0.076)	(0.076)	(0.080)	(0.080)	(0.095)	(0.095)
Low discount × high stigma	−0.108	−0.140*	−0.010	0.013	0.016	0.034	−0.083	−0.087
	(0.083)	(0.083)	(0.083)	(0.083)	(0.079)	(0.080)	(0.085)	(0.085)
Mid discount × high stigma	0.022	0.033	0.004	−0.018	−0.090	−0.021	−0.068	−0.036
	(0.109)	(0.110)	(0.113)	(0.112)	(0.111)	(0.115)	(0.110)	(0.111)
High discount × high stigma	−0.011	−0.022	−0.068	−0.048	−0.178**	−0.149*	−0.010	0.003
	(0.084)	(0.085)	(0.084)	(0.084)	(0.079)	(0.080)	(0.084)	(0.084)
Low discount × high stigma × discussion	0.220*	0.253**	0.088	0.116	0.086	0.084	0.094	0.100
	(0.127)	(0.127)	(0.134)	(0.134)	(0.127)	(0.128)	(0.129)	(0.128)
Mid discount × high stigma × discussion	0.145	0.088	0.182	0.310*	0.162	0.044	0.134	0.131
	(0.180)	(0.181)	(0.185)	(0.186)	(0.179)	(0.183)	(0.188)	(0.191)
High discount × high stigma × discussion	0.144	0.125	0.230*	0.205	0.276**	0.228*	0.139	0.113
	(0.123)	(0.122)	(0.125)	(0.125)	(0.121)	(0.122)	(0.124)	(0.122)
Add controls	—	X	—	X	—	X	—	X
Prop. redeem low discount	0.19	—	0.176	—	0.188	—	0.204	—
Obs. low discount cell	58	—	91	—	64	—	49	—
Observations	568	561	569	561	570	561	567	560
R²	0.174	0.212	0.174	0.214	0.179	0.211	0.169	0.208

Table 9.

Open in new tab

Discussion Intervention, Discount and Coupon Redemption by Baseline Psychological Cost

	Dependent variable:
	Redemption
	Kept in shed	Kept in shed	Temp. untouch.	Temp. untouch.	Did not purchase	Did not purchase	Stigma index	Stigma index
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
Mid discount	0.095	0.067	0.165**	0.178**	0.213**	0.195**	0.147	0.120
	(0.101)	(0.101)	(0.082)	(0.082)	(0.090)	(0.091)	(0.106)	(0.106)
High discount	0.288***	0.268***	0.364***	0.356***	0.434***	0.420***	0.296***	0.277***
	(0.089)	(0.088)	(0.068)	(0.068)	(0.079)	(0.080)	(0.093)	(0.092)
Low discount × discussion	−0.011	−0.053	0.087	0.053	0.084	0.063	0.056	0.027
	(0.096)	(0.095)	(0.076)	(0.077)	(0.086)	(0.087)	(0.098)	(0.099)
Mid discount × discussion	0.133	0.142	0.154	0.075	0.146	0.170	0.144	0.116
	(0.137)	(0.137)	(0.110)	(0.113)	(0.125)	(0.125)	(0.151)	(0.154)
High discount × discussion	0.071	0.047	0.061	0.035	0.029	0.016	0.067	0.050
	(0.092)	(0.093)	(0.076)	(0.076)	(0.080)	(0.080)	(0.095)	(0.095)
Low discount × high stigma	−0.108	−0.140*	−0.010	0.013	0.016	0.034	−0.083	−0.087
	(0.083)	(0.083)	(0.083)	(0.083)	(0.079)	(0.080)	(0.085)	(0.085)
Mid discount × high stigma	0.022	0.033	0.004	−0.018	−0.090	−0.021	−0.068	−0.036
	(0.109)	(0.110)	(0.113)	(0.112)	(0.111)	(0.115)	(0.110)	(0.111)
High discount × high stigma	−0.011	−0.022	−0.068	−0.048	−0.178**	−0.149*	−0.010	0.003
	(0.084)	(0.085)	(0.084)	(0.084)	(0.079)	(0.080)	(0.084)	(0.084)
Low discount × high stigma × discussion	0.220*	0.253**	0.088	0.116	0.086	0.084	0.094	0.100
	(0.127)	(0.127)	(0.134)	(0.134)	(0.127)	(0.128)	(0.129)	(0.128)
Mid discount × high stigma × discussion	0.145	0.088	0.182	0.310*	0.162	0.044	0.134	0.131
	(0.180)	(0.181)	(0.185)	(0.186)	(0.179)	(0.183)	(0.188)	(0.191)
High discount × high stigma × discussion	0.144	0.125	0.230*	0.205	0.276**	0.228*	0.139	0.113
	(0.123)	(0.122)	(0.125)	(0.125)	(0.121)	(0.122)	(0.124)	(0.122)
Add controls	—	X	—	X	—	X	—	X
Prop. redeem low discount	0.19	—	0.176	—	0.188	—	0.204	—
Obs. low discount cell	58	—	91	—	64	—	49	—
Observations	568	561	569	561	570	561	567	560
R²	0.174	0.212	0.174	0.214	0.179	0.211	0.169	0.208

	Dependent variable:
	Redemption
	Kept in shed	Kept in shed	Temp. untouch.	Temp. untouch.	Did not purchase	Did not purchase	Stigma index	Stigma index
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
Mid discount	0.095	0.067	0.165**	0.178**	0.213**	0.195**	0.147	0.120
	(0.101)	(0.101)	(0.082)	(0.082)	(0.090)	(0.091)	(0.106)	(0.106)
High discount	0.288***	0.268***	0.364***	0.356***	0.434***	0.420***	0.296***	0.277***
	(0.089)	(0.088)	(0.068)	(0.068)	(0.079)	(0.080)	(0.093)	(0.092)
Low discount × discussion	−0.011	−0.053	0.087	0.053	0.084	0.063	0.056	0.027
	(0.096)	(0.095)	(0.076)	(0.077)	(0.086)	(0.087)	(0.098)	(0.099)
Mid discount × discussion	0.133	0.142	0.154	0.075	0.146	0.170	0.144	0.116
	(0.137)	(0.137)	(0.110)	(0.113)	(0.125)	(0.125)	(0.151)	(0.154)
High discount × discussion	0.071	0.047	0.061	0.035	0.029	0.016	0.067	0.050
	(0.092)	(0.093)	(0.076)	(0.076)	(0.080)	(0.080)	(0.095)	(0.095)
Low discount × high stigma	−0.108	−0.140*	−0.010	0.013	0.016	0.034	−0.083	−0.087
	(0.083)	(0.083)	(0.083)	(0.083)	(0.079)	(0.080)	(0.085)	(0.085)
Mid discount × high stigma	0.022	0.033	0.004	−0.018	−0.090	−0.021	−0.068	−0.036
	(0.109)	(0.110)	(0.113)	(0.112)	(0.111)	(0.115)	(0.110)	(0.111)
High discount × high stigma	−0.011	−0.022	−0.068	−0.048	−0.178**	−0.149*	−0.010	0.003
	(0.084)	(0.085)	(0.084)	(0.084)	(0.079)	(0.080)	(0.084)	(0.084)
Low discount × high stigma × discussion	0.220*	0.253**	0.088	0.116	0.086	0.084	0.094	0.100
	(0.127)	(0.127)	(0.134)	(0.134)	(0.127)	(0.128)	(0.129)	(0.128)
Mid discount × high stigma × discussion	0.145	0.088	0.182	0.310*	0.162	0.044	0.134	0.131
	(0.180)	(0.181)	(0.185)	(0.186)	(0.179)	(0.183)	(0.188)	(0.191)
High discount × high stigma × discussion	0.144	0.125	0.230*	0.205	0.276**	0.228*	0.139	0.113
	(0.123)	(0.122)	(0.125)	(0.125)	(0.121)	(0.122)	(0.124)	(0.122)
Add controls	—	X	—	X	—	X	—	X
Prop. redeem low discount	0.19	—	0.176	—	0.188	—	0.204	—
Obs. low discount cell	58	—	91	—	64	—	49	—
Observations	568	561	569	561	570	561	567	560
R²	0.174	0.212	0.174	0.214	0.179	0.211	0.169	0.208

Source: Authors’ calculations.

Note: The first two columns use the status of being kept in a shed to define the high-psychological-cost subgroup in the baseline. Columns (3)–(4) use whether an individual is considered temporarily untouchable during menstruation to denote the high-psychological-cost subgroup. Columns (5)–(6) consider individuals who purchased sanitary pads by themselves during the last menstrual cycle in the low-psychological-cost subgroup. Columns (7)–(8) use available stigma measures to create an index, which is then used to categorize the high-psychological-cost group (high stigma group). Specifically, for columns (7)–(8) we use the sum of the following indicator variables to form an index of stigma: (a) kept in a shed; (b) not permitted in the kitchen; (c) not permitted in holy places; (d) considered untouchable during menstruation; (e) did not purchase pad during the last cycle. The high stigma category represents an index value greater than 2. All specifications control for the stratification variable. Additionally, the even columns include controls for compliance probability, caste indicators, education, age, age squared, and family-income indicators. White standard errors, which account for heteroskedasticity, are presented in parentheses. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01. The marker X denotes inclusion of the designated controls in the model specification.

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