Table 4. Open in new tab The...

	Group 1: 26%–31%	Group 2: 31%–35%	Group 3: 35%–51%	Difference in means	Difference in means	Difference in means
Number of farmers	181		353		178
Total area	78	25	65	21	60	22	13**	5**	18**
Livestock density	1.16	0.24	1.11	0.23	1.10	0.21	0.05	0.01	0.06**
Yield (l/cow)	8,034	936	7,185	1,067	6,175	1,120	849**	1,010**	1,859**
Share of grassland	0.35	0.08	0.44	0.10	0.56	0.10	−0.09**	−0.12**	−0.21**
Concentrates (euros/cow)	478	157	370	126	254	100	108**	116**	224**
Share of farm-produced food	0.25	0.13	0.31	0.16	0.41	0.19	−0.06**	−0.1**	−0.16**
Share of organic farm	0.05	0.23	0.03	0.18	0.12	0.32	0.02	−0.09**	−0.07**
Gross margin (euros/l)	222	38	234	44	258	52	−12**	−24**	−36**
Unit of agricultural workers	1.87	0.65	1.71	0.61	1.69	0.78	0.16**	0.02	0.18**
Capital (euros/1,000 l)	907	244	903	290	973	311	4	−70**	−66**
Debts (euros/1,000 l)	390	200	347	212	348	233	43**	−1	42*

Group 1: 26%–31%

Group 2: 31%–35%

Group 3: 35%–51%

Difference in means

Mean

s.d.

Mean

s.d.

Mean

s.d.

G1/G2

G2/G3

G1/G3

Number of farmers

181

353

178

Total area

13**

5**

18**

Livestock density

1.16

0.24

1.11

0.23

1.10

0.21

0.05

0.01

0.06**

Yield (l/cow)

8,034

936

7,185

1,067

6,175

1,120

849**

1,010**

1,859**

Share of grassland

0.35

0.08

0.44

0.10

0.56

0.10

−0.09**

−0.12**

−0.21**

Concentrates (euros/cow)

478

157

370

126

254

100

108**

116**

224**

Share of farm-produced food

0.25

0.13

0.31

0.16

0.41

0.19

−0.06**

−0.1**

−0.16**

Share of organic farm

0.05

0.23

0.03

0.18

0.12

0.32

0.02

−0.09**

−0.07**

Gross margin (euros/l)

222

234

258

−12**

−24**

−36**

Unit of agricultural workers

1.87

0.65

1.71

0.61

1.69

0.78

0.16**

0.02

0.18**

Capital (euros/1,000 l)

907

244

903

290

973

311

−70**

−66**

Debts (euros/1,000 l)

390

200

347

212

348

233

43**

−1

42*

	Group 1: 26%–31%	Group 2: 31%–35%	Group 3: 35%–51%	Difference in means	Difference in means	Difference in means
Number of farmers	181		353		178
Total area	78	25	65	21	60	22	13**	5**	18**
Livestock density	1.16	0.24	1.11	0.23	1.10	0.21	0.05	0.01	0.06**
Yield (l/cow)	8,034	936	7,185	1,067	6,175	1,120	849**	1,010**	1,859**
Share of grassland	0.35	0.08	0.44	0.10	0.56	0.10	−0.09**	−0.12**	−0.21**
Concentrates (euros/cow)	478	157	370	126	254	100	108**	116**	224**
Share of farm-produced food	0.25	0.13	0.31	0.16	0.41	0.19	−0.06**	−0.1**	−0.16**
Share of organic farm	0.05	0.23	0.03	0.18	0.12	0.32	0.02	−0.09**	−0.07**
Gross margin (euros/l)	222	38	234	44	258	52	−12**	−24**	−36**
Unit of agricultural workers	1.87	0.65	1.71	0.61	1.69	0.78	0.16**	0.02	0.18**
Capital (euros/1,000 l)	907	244	903	290	973	311	4	−70**	−66**
Debts (euros/1,000 l)	390	200	347	212	348	233	43**	−1	42*

Table 4.

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The characteristics of farms according to their flexibility

	Group 1: 26%–31%		Group 2: 31%–35%		Group 3: 35%–51%		Difference in means	Difference in means	Difference in means
	Mean	s.d.	Mean	s.d.	Mean	s.d.	G1/G2	G2/G3	G1/G3
Number of farmers	181		353		178
Total area	78	25	65	21	60	22	13**	5**	18**
Livestock density	1.16	0.24	1.11	0.23	1.10	0.21	0.05	0.01	0.06**
Yield (l/cow)	8,034	936	7,185	1,067	6,175	1,120	849**	1,010**	1,859**
Share of grassland	0.35	0.08	0.44	0.10	0.56	0.10	−0.09**	−0.12**	−0.21**
Concentrates (euros/cow)	478	157	370	126	254	100	108**	116**	224**
Share of farm-produced food	0.25	0.13	0.31	0.16	0.41	0.19	−0.06**	−0.1**	−0.16**
Share of organic farm	0.05	0.23	0.03	0.18	0.12	0.32	0.02	−0.09**	−0.07**
Gross margin (euros/l)	222	38	234	44	258	52	−12**	−24**	−36**
Unit of agricultural workers	1.87	0.65	1.71	0.61	1.69	0.78	0.16**	0.02	0.18**
Capital (euros/1,000 l)	907	244	903	290	973	311	4	−70**	−66**
Debts (euros/1,000 l)	390	200	347	212	348	233	43**	−1	42*

	Group 1: 26%–31%		Group 2: 31%–35%		Group 3: 35%–51%		Difference in means	Difference in means	Difference in means
	Mean	s.d.	Mean	s.d.	Mean	s.d.	G1/G2	G2/G3	G1/G3
Number of farmers	181		353		178
Total area	78	25	65	21	60	22	13**	5**	18**
Livestock density	1.16	0.24	1.11	0.23	1.10	0.21	0.05	0.01	0.06**
Yield (l/cow)	8,034	936	7,185	1,067	6,175	1,120	849**	1,010**	1,859**
Share of grassland	0.35	0.08	0.44	0.10	0.56	0.10	−0.09**	−0.12**	−0.21**
Concentrates (euros/cow)	478	157	370	126	254	100	108**	116**	224**
Share of farm-produced food	0.25	0.13	0.31	0.16	0.41	0.19	−0.06**	−0.1**	−0.16**
Share of organic farm	0.05	0.23	0.03	0.18	0.12	0.32	0.02	−0.09**	−0.07**
Gross margin (euros/l)	222	38	234	44	258	52	−12**	−24**	−36**
Unit of agricultural workers	1.87	0.65	1.71	0.61	1.69	0.78	0.16**	0.02	0.18**
Capital (euros/1,000 l)	907	244	903	290	973	311	4	−70**	−66**
Debts (euros/1,000 l)	390	200	347	212	348	233	43**	−1	42*

This denotes the difference in means between the groups significantly different from zero at the 10 per cent level.

This denotes the difference in means between the groups significantly different from zero at the 5 per cent level.

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