Table A1.
Open in new tab

Descriptive statistics of variables used in the regression analysis and PSM

Variable nameMeanStandard deviation
Log real wage6.1430.569
Firm average wage553.772219.159
The firm average wage of females485.224198.107
The firm average wage of males630.202262.926
Female (dummy)0.4370.496
Individual’s age42.88212.445
Individual’s age squared1993.7841102.232
Tertiary education0.2640.441
Secondary education0.6210.485
Primary education0.1140.318
Managers0.0940.292
Professionals0.1100.313
Technicians and associated professionals0.1800.384
Clerical support workers0.1060.308
Service and sales workers0.0240.152
Skilled agricultural workers0.0010.028
Craft and related trade workers0.1770.382
Plant and machine operators0.2380.426
Elementary occupations0.0670.250
Firm size5.0761.413
Firm size squared27.76214.945
Firm age2.6730.549
Firm age squared7.4482.469
Share of managers at the firm0.2530.178
Foreign firm (dummy)0.3780.485
All exporters (goods and services)0.8290.376
Firm gender pay gap−0.2030.212
Liquidity ratio0.1070.157
Log capital–labor ratio9.7761.692
Importer (dummy)0.8010.399
Log importance of automation goods per employee2.7453.796
Process innovation (dummy), extended . over years0.5690.495
Product innovation (dummy), extended over years0.4320.495
Marketing innovation (dummy), extended over years0.3700.483
Organizational innovation (dummy), extended over years0.4240.494
Technological innovation (dummy), extended over years0.6650.472
Importance of automation goods per employee ≥5000 EUR (dummy)0.0130.111
Importance of automation goods per employee <5000 EUR (dummy)0.0160.127
Automation (dummy)0.0460.210
Conveyors (dummy)0.0020.041
Dedicated machinery including robots (dummy)0.0090.094
Industrial robots (dummy)0.0000.016
Machine tools (dummy)0.0170.128
Numerically controlled machines (dummy)0.0010.038
Other textile dedicated machinery (dummy)0.0070.081
Regulating instruments (dummy)0.0110.105
Tools for industrial work (dummy)0.0310.174
Weaving and knitting machines (dummy)0.0010.023
Welding machines (dummy)0.0040.066
Share of females among employees0.4030.391
Share of female managers0.3680.492
Northern Estonia0.5420.498
Log number of employees1.4531.207
Log firm average wage5.8630.505
Log average wage of females5.8390.495
Log average wage of males5.9200.540
Log labor productivity9.8541.084
Variable nameMeanStandard deviation
Log real wage6.1430.569
Firm average wage553.772219.159
The firm average wage of females485.224198.107
The firm average wage of males630.202262.926
Female (dummy)0.4370.496
Individual’s age42.88212.445
Individual’s age squared1993.7841102.232
Tertiary education0.2640.441
Secondary education0.6210.485
Primary education0.1140.318
Managers0.0940.292
Professionals0.1100.313
Technicians and associated professionals0.1800.384
Clerical support workers0.1060.308
Service and sales workers0.0240.152
Skilled agricultural workers0.0010.028
Craft and related trade workers0.1770.382
Plant and machine operators0.2380.426
Elementary occupations0.0670.250
Firm size5.0761.413
Firm size squared27.76214.945
Firm age2.6730.549
Firm age squared7.4482.469
Share of managers at the firm0.2530.178
Foreign firm (dummy)0.3780.485
All exporters (goods and services)0.8290.376
Firm gender pay gap−0.2030.212
Liquidity ratio0.1070.157
Log capital–labor ratio9.7761.692
Importer (dummy)0.8010.399
Log importance of automation goods per employee2.7453.796
Process innovation (dummy), extended . over years0.5690.495
Product innovation (dummy), extended over years0.4320.495
Marketing innovation (dummy), extended over years0.3700.483
Organizational innovation (dummy), extended over years0.4240.494
Technological innovation (dummy), extended over years0.6650.472
Importance of automation goods per employee ≥5000 EUR (dummy)0.0130.111
Importance of automation goods per employee <5000 EUR (dummy)0.0160.127
Automation (dummy)0.0460.210
Conveyors (dummy)0.0020.041
Dedicated machinery including robots (dummy)0.0090.094
Industrial robots (dummy)0.0000.016
Machine tools (dummy)0.0170.128
Numerically controlled machines (dummy)0.0010.038
Other textile dedicated machinery (dummy)0.0070.081
Regulating instruments (dummy)0.0110.105
Tools for industrial work (dummy)0.0310.174
Weaving and knitting machines (dummy)0.0010.023
Welding machines (dummy)0.0040.066
Share of females among employees0.4030.391
Share of female managers0.3680.492
Northern Estonia0.5420.498
Log number of employees1.4531.207
Log firm average wage5.8630.505
Log average wage of females5.8390.495
Log average wage of males5.9200.540
Log labor productivity9.8541.084
Table A1.
Open in new tab

Descriptive statistics of variables used in the regression analysis and PSM

Variable nameMeanStandard deviation
Log real wage6.1430.569
Firm average wage553.772219.159
The firm average wage of females485.224198.107
The firm average wage of males630.202262.926
Female (dummy)0.4370.496
Individual’s age42.88212.445
Individual’s age squared1993.7841102.232
Tertiary education0.2640.441
Secondary education0.6210.485
Primary education0.1140.318
Managers0.0940.292
Professionals0.1100.313
Technicians and associated professionals0.1800.384
Clerical support workers0.1060.308
Service and sales workers0.0240.152
Skilled agricultural workers0.0010.028
Craft and related trade workers0.1770.382
Plant and machine operators0.2380.426
Elementary occupations0.0670.250
Firm size5.0761.413
Firm size squared27.76214.945
Firm age2.6730.549
Firm age squared7.4482.469
Share of managers at the firm0.2530.178
Foreign firm (dummy)0.3780.485
All exporters (goods and services)0.8290.376
Firm gender pay gap−0.2030.212
Liquidity ratio0.1070.157
Log capital–labor ratio9.7761.692
Importer (dummy)0.8010.399
Log importance of automation goods per employee2.7453.796
Process innovation (dummy), extended . over years0.5690.495
Product innovation (dummy), extended over years0.4320.495
Marketing innovation (dummy), extended over years0.3700.483
Organizational innovation (dummy), extended over years0.4240.494
Technological innovation (dummy), extended over years0.6650.472
Importance of automation goods per employee ≥5000 EUR (dummy)0.0130.111
Importance of automation goods per employee <5000 EUR (dummy)0.0160.127
Automation (dummy)0.0460.210
Conveyors (dummy)0.0020.041
Dedicated machinery including robots (dummy)0.0090.094
Industrial robots (dummy)0.0000.016
Machine tools (dummy)0.0170.128
Numerically controlled machines (dummy)0.0010.038
Other textile dedicated machinery (dummy)0.0070.081
Regulating instruments (dummy)0.0110.105
Tools for industrial work (dummy)0.0310.174
Weaving and knitting machines (dummy)0.0010.023
Welding machines (dummy)0.0040.066
Share of females among employees0.4030.391
Share of female managers0.3680.492
Northern Estonia0.5420.498
Log number of employees1.4531.207
Log firm average wage5.8630.505
Log average wage of females5.8390.495
Log average wage of males5.9200.540
Log labor productivity9.8541.084
Variable nameMeanStandard deviation
Log real wage6.1430.569
Firm average wage553.772219.159
The firm average wage of females485.224198.107
The firm average wage of males630.202262.926
Female (dummy)0.4370.496
Individual’s age42.88212.445
Individual’s age squared1993.7841102.232
Tertiary education0.2640.441
Secondary education0.6210.485
Primary education0.1140.318
Managers0.0940.292
Professionals0.1100.313
Technicians and associated professionals0.1800.384
Clerical support workers0.1060.308
Service and sales workers0.0240.152
Skilled agricultural workers0.0010.028
Craft and related trade workers0.1770.382
Plant and machine operators0.2380.426
Elementary occupations0.0670.250
Firm size5.0761.413
Firm size squared27.76214.945
Firm age2.6730.549
Firm age squared7.4482.469
Share of managers at the firm0.2530.178
Foreign firm (dummy)0.3780.485
All exporters (goods and services)0.8290.376
Firm gender pay gap−0.2030.212
Liquidity ratio0.1070.157
Log capital–labor ratio9.7761.692
Importer (dummy)0.8010.399
Log importance of automation goods per employee2.7453.796
Process innovation (dummy), extended . over years0.5690.495
Product innovation (dummy), extended over years0.4320.495
Marketing innovation (dummy), extended over years0.3700.483
Organizational innovation (dummy), extended over years0.4240.494
Technological innovation (dummy), extended over years0.6650.472
Importance of automation goods per employee ≥5000 EUR (dummy)0.0130.111
Importance of automation goods per employee <5000 EUR (dummy)0.0160.127
Automation (dummy)0.0460.210
Conveyors (dummy)0.0020.041
Dedicated machinery including robots (dummy)0.0090.094
Industrial robots (dummy)0.0000.016
Machine tools (dummy)0.0170.128
Numerically controlled machines (dummy)0.0010.038
Other textile dedicated machinery (dummy)0.0070.081
Regulating instruments (dummy)0.0110.105
Tools for industrial work (dummy)0.0310.174
Weaving and knitting machines (dummy)0.0010.023
Welding machines (dummy)0.0040.066
Share of females among employees0.4030.391
Share of female managers0.3680.492
Northern Estonia0.5420.498
Log number of employees1.4531.207
Log firm average wage5.8630.505
Log average wage of females5.8390.495
Log average wage of males5.9200.540
Log labor productivity9.8541.084
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