Table 1: Open in new tab Demographics...

Primary surgical treatment for IE (n = 115)

Primary surgical treatment for SD (n = 35)

P-value

Age (years)

[65.0–76.0]

69.9

[60.0–74.9]

0.488^a

Sex (%)

Male

80.9%

(93/115)

77.1%

(27/35)

0.629^b

Female

19.1%

(22/115)

22.9%

(8/35)

0.629^b

BMI (kg/m²)

26.5

[24.0–29.4]

26.1

[23.0–29.2]

0.515^a

Underlying conditions/comorbidities

Hypertension

75.7%

(87/115)

71.4%

(25/35)

0.615^b

Diabetes

35.7%

(41/115)

25.7%

(9/35)

0.275^b

Hyperlipidaemia

39.1%

(45/115)

34.3%

(12/35)

0.605^b

Smoking

21.4%

(24/112)

25.7%

(9/35)

0.596^b

COPD

12.2%

(14/115)

20.6%

(7/34)

0.223^c

Peripheral artery disease

6.1%

(7/115)

14.3%

(5/35)

0.141^c

Preoperative CKD

51.3%

(59/115)

37.1%

(13/35)

0.142^b

Preoperative haemodialysis

9.6%

(10/104)

13.8%

(4/29)

0.529^c

Preoperative stroke

29.6%

(34/115)

25.7%

(9/35)

0.659^b

Coronary artery disease

31.3%

(36/115)

28.6%

(10/35)

0.759^b

Septic embolism

42.2%

(46/109)

35.3%

(12/34)

0.417^b

Malignancy

18.3%

(21/115)

20.0%

(7/35)

0.817^b

Immunosuppression

4.3%

(5/115)

(0/35)

0.100^c

Intravenous drug abuse

(0/115)

2.9%

(1/35)

0.087^c

Manifestation and surgical therapy of IE

Aortic valve IE

72.2%

(83/115)

60.0%

(21/35)

0.171^b

Mitral valve IE

38.3%

(44/115)

51.4%

(18/35)

0.166^b

Tricuspid valve IE

6.1%

(7/115)

11.4%

(4/35)

0.311^c

Prosthetic valve IE

25.2%

(29/115)

31.4%

(11/35)

0.467^b

Perivalvular infection

25.4%

(29/114)

34.3%

(12/35)

0.305^b

CPB time

98.5

[79.0–148.5]

109.0

[78.0–151.0]

0.549^a

Cross-clamp time

71.0

[55.0–99.3]

68.0

[47.0–104.3]

0.613^a

Manifestation and therapy of SD

Back pain

80.5%

(70/87)

80.0%

(24/30)

0.956^b

Spinal level

Cervical

6.5%

(7/107)

11.4%

(4/35)

0.367^c

Thoracic

20.6%

(22/107)

20.0%

(7/35)

0.943^b

Lumbosacral

63.6%

(68/107)

57.1%

(20/35)

0.498^b

Multilevel

9.3%

(10/107)

11.4%

(4/35)

0.724^c

Segments affected (n)

57.0%

(57/100)

54.5%

(18/33)

0.805^b

29.0%

(29/100)

30.3%

(10/33)

0.887^b

14.0%

(14/100)

15.2%

(5/33)

0.871^c

Prior infiltration

18.1%

(19/105)

3.2%

(1/31)

0.020^c

Psoas abscess

28.6%

(30/105)

28.1%

(9/32)

0.961^b

Epidural abscess

21.2%

(7/33)

30.8%

(4/13)

0.501^c

Spinal fusion

Bone graft

8.8%

(5/57)

(0/14)

0.130^c

Cage

40.4%

(23/57)

57.1%

(8/14)

0.256^b

Microbiology

Bacteraemia

89.1%

(98/110)

91.2%

(31/34)

0.723^b

Detected pathogen blood culture

S.aureus

18.6%

(19/102)

40.6%

(13/32)

0.011^b

CoNS

12.7%

(13/102)

9.4%

(3/32)

0.599^c

Streptococcus species

20.6%

(21/102)

12.5%

(4/32)

0.306^b

Enterococcus species

30.4%

(31/102)

18.8%

(6/32)

0.199^b

Gram-negative species

2.0%

(2/102)

(0/32)

0.294^c

Blood-culture negative

9.8%

(10/102)

12.5%

(4/32)

0.669^c

Detected pathogen valve

S.aureus

7.7%

(4/52)

19.0%

(4/21)

0.178^c

CoNS

9.6%

(5/52)

9.5%

(2/21)

0.990^c

Streptococcus species

11.5%

(6/52)

(0/21)

0.038^c

Enterococcus species

30.8%

(16/52)

19.0%

(4/21)

0.309^b

Gram-negative species

1.9%

(1/52)

(0/21)

0.408^c

Without pathogen detection

36.5%

(19/52)

47.6%

(10/21)

0.381^c

Detected pathogen disc tissue

S.aureus

15.8%

(9/57)

40.0%

(10/25)

0.017^b

CoNS

5.3%

(3/57)

8.0%

(2/25)

0.641^c

Streptococcus species

12.3%

(7/57)

20.0%

(5/25)

0.374^c

Enterococcus species

14.0%

(8/57)

16.0%

(4/25)

0.818^c

Gram-negative species

3.5%

(2/57)

(0/25)

0.224^c

Without pathogen detection

43.9%

(25/57)

8.0%

(2/25)

0.001^c

Primary surgical treatment for IE (n = 115)

Primary surgical treatment for SD (n = 35)

P-value

Age (years)

[65.0–76.0]

69.9

[60.0–74.9]

0.488^a

Sex (%)

Male

80.9%

(93/115)

77.1%

(27/35)

0.629^b

Female

19.1%

(22/115)

22.9%

(8/35)

0.629^b

BMI (kg/m²)

26.5

[24.0–29.4]

26.1

[23.0–29.2]

0.515^a

Underlying conditions/comorbidities

Hypertension

75.7%

(87/115)

71.4%

(25/35)

0.615^b

Diabetes

35.7%

(41/115)

25.7%

(9/35)

0.275^b

Hyperlipidaemia

39.1%

(45/115)

34.3%

(12/35)

0.605^b

Smoking

21.4%

(24/112)

25.7%

(9/35)

0.596^b

COPD

12.2%

(14/115)

20.6%

(7/34)

0.223^c

Peripheral artery disease

6.1%

(7/115)

14.3%

(5/35)

0.141^c

Preoperative CKD

51.3%

(59/115)

37.1%

(13/35)

0.142^b

Preoperative haemodialysis

9.6%

(10/104)

13.8%

(4/29)

0.529^c

Preoperative stroke

29.6%

(34/115)

25.7%

(9/35)

0.659^b

Coronary artery disease

31.3%

(36/115)

28.6%

(10/35)

0.759^b

Septic embolism

42.2%

(46/109)

35.3%

(12/34)

0.417^b

Malignancy

18.3%

(21/115)

20.0%

(7/35)

0.817^b

Immunosuppression

4.3%

(5/115)

(0/35)

0.100^c

Intravenous drug abuse

(0/115)

2.9%

(1/35)

0.087^c

Manifestation and surgical therapy of IE

Aortic valve IE

72.2%

(83/115)

60.0%

(21/35)

0.171^b

Mitral valve IE

38.3%

(44/115)

51.4%

(18/35)

0.166^b

Tricuspid valve IE

6.1%

(7/115)

11.4%

(4/35)

0.311^c

Prosthetic valve IE

25.2%

(29/115)

31.4%

(11/35)

0.467^b

Perivalvular infection

25.4%

(29/114)

34.3%

(12/35)

0.305^b

CPB time

98.5

[79.0–148.5]

109.0

[78.0–151.0]

0.549^a

Cross-clamp time

71.0

[55.0–99.3]

68.0

[47.0–104.3]

0.613^a

Manifestation and therapy of SD

Back pain

80.5%

(70/87)

80.0%

(24/30)

0.956^b

Spinal level

Cervical

6.5%

(7/107)

11.4%

(4/35)

0.367^c

Thoracic

20.6%

(22/107)

20.0%

(7/35)

0.943^b

Lumbosacral

63.6%

(68/107)

57.1%

(20/35)

0.498^b

Multilevel

9.3%

(10/107)

11.4%

(4/35)

0.724^c

Segments affected (n)

57.0%

(57/100)

54.5%

(18/33)

0.805^b

29.0%

(29/100)

30.3%

(10/33)

0.887^b

14.0%

(14/100)

15.2%

(5/33)

0.871^c

Prior infiltration

18.1%

(19/105)

3.2%

(1/31)

0.020^c

Psoas abscess

28.6%

(30/105)

28.1%

(9/32)

0.961^b

Epidural abscess

21.2%

(7/33)

30.8%

(4/13)

0.501^c

Spinal fusion

Bone graft

8.8%

(5/57)

(0/14)

0.130^c

Cage

40.4%

(23/57)

57.1%

(8/14)

0.256^b

Microbiology

Bacteraemia

89.1%

(98/110)

91.2%

(31/34)

0.723^b

Detected pathogen blood culture

S.aureus

18.6%

(19/102)

40.6%

(13/32)

0.011^b

CoNS

12.7%

(13/102)

9.4%

(3/32)

0.599^c

Streptococcus species

20.6%

(21/102)

12.5%

(4/32)

0.306^b

Enterococcus species

30.4%

(31/102)

18.8%

(6/32)

0.199^b

Gram-negative species

2.0%

(2/102)

(0/32)

0.294^c

Blood-culture negative

9.8%

(10/102)

12.5%

(4/32)

0.669^c

Detected pathogen valve

S.aureus

7.7%

(4/52)

19.0%

(4/21)

0.178^c

CoNS

9.6%

(5/52)

9.5%

(2/21)

0.990^c

Streptococcus species

11.5%

(6/52)

(0/21)

0.038^c

Enterococcus species

30.8%

(16/52)

19.0%

(4/21)

0.309^b

Gram-negative species

1.9%

(1/52)

(0/21)

0.408^c

Without pathogen detection

36.5%

(19/52)

47.6%

(10/21)

0.381^c

Detected pathogen disc tissue

S.aureus

15.8%

(9/57)

40.0%

(10/25)

0.017^b

CoNS

5.3%

(3/57)

8.0%

(2/25)

0.641^c

Streptococcus species

12.3%

(7/57)

20.0%

(5/25)

0.374^c

Enterococcus species

14.0%

(8/57)

16.0%

(4/25)

0.818^c

Gram-negative species

3.5%

(2/57)

(0/25)

0.224^c

Without pathogen detection

43.9%

(25/57)

8.0%

(2/25)

0.001^c

Table 1:

Open in new tab

Demographics and preoperative characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis and concomitant spondylodiscitis

	Primary surgical treatment for IE (n = 115)		Primary surgical treatment for SD (n = 35)		P-value
Age (years)	70	[65.0–76.0]	69.9	[60.0–74.9]	0.488^a
Sex (%)
Male	80.9%	(93/115)	77.1%	(27/35)	0.629^b
Female	19.1%	(22/115)	22.9%	(8/35)	0.629^b
BMI (kg/m²)	26.5	[24.0–29.4]	26.1	[23.0–29.2]	0.515^a
Underlying conditions/comorbidities
Hypertension	75.7%	(87/115)	71.4%	(25/35)	0.615^b
Diabetes	35.7%	(41/115)	25.7%	(9/35)	0.275^b
Hyperlipidaemia	39.1%	(45/115)	34.3%	(12/35)	0.605^b
Smoking	21.4%	(24/112)	25.7%	(9/35)	0.596^b
COPD	12.2%	(14/115)	20.6%	(7/34)	0.223^c
Peripheral artery disease	6.1%	(7/115)	14.3%	(5/35)	0.141^c
Preoperative CKD	51.3%	(59/115)	37.1%	(13/35)	0.142^b
Preoperative haemodialysis	9.6%	(10/104)	13.8%	(4/29)	0.529^c
Preoperative stroke	29.6%	(34/115)	25.7%	(9/35)	0.659^b
Coronary artery disease	31.3%	(36/115)	28.6%	(10/35)	0.759^b
Septic embolism	42.2%	(46/109)	35.3%	(12/34)	0.417^b
Malignancy	18.3%	(21/115)	20.0%	(7/35)	0.817^b
Immunosuppression	4.3%	(5/115)	0%	(0/35)	0.100^c
Intravenous drug abuse	0%	(0/115)	2.9%	(1/35)	0.087^c
Manifestation and surgical therapy of IE
Aortic valve IE	72.2%	(83/115)	60.0%	(21/35)	0.171^b
Mitral valve IE	38.3%	(44/115)	51.4%	(18/35)	0.166^b
Tricuspid valve IE	6.1%	(7/115)	11.4%	(4/35)	0.311^c
Prosthetic valve IE	25.2%	(29/115)	31.4%	(11/35)	0.467^b
Perivalvular infection	25.4%	(29/114)	34.3%	(12/35)	0.305^b
CPB time	98.5	[79.0–148.5]	109.0	[78.0–151.0]	0.549^a
Cross-clamp time	71.0	[55.0–99.3]	68.0	[47.0–104.3]	0.613^a
Manifestation and therapy of SD
Back pain	80.5%	(70/87)	80.0%	(24/30)	0.956^b
Spinal level
Cervical	6.5%	(7/107)	11.4%	(4/35)	0.367^c
Thoracic	20.6%	(22/107)	20.0%	(7/35)	0.943^b
Lumbosacral	63.6%	(68/107)	57.1%	(20/35)	0.498^b
Multilevel	9.3%	(10/107)	11.4%	(4/35)	0.724^c
Segments affected (n)
1	57.0%	(57/100)	54.5%	(18/33)	0.805^b
2	29.0%	(29/100)	30.3%	(10/33)	0.887^b
>2	14.0%	(14/100)	15.2%	(5/33)	0.871^c
Prior infiltration	18.1%	(19/105)	3.2%	(1/31)	0.020^c
Psoas abscess	28.6%	(30/105)	28.1%	(9/32)	0.961^b
Epidural abscess	21.2%	(7/33)	30.8%	(4/13)	0.501^c
Spinal fusion
Bone graft	8.8%	(5/57)	0%	(0/14)	0.130^c
Cage	40.4%	(23/57)	57.1%	(8/14)	0.256^b
Microbiology
Bacteraemia	89.1%	(98/110)	91.2%	(31/34)	0.723^b
Detected pathogen blood culture
S.aureus	18.6%	(19/102)	40.6%	(13/32)	0.011^b
CoNS	12.7%	(13/102)	9.4%	(3/32)	0.599^c
Streptococcus species	20.6%	(21/102)	12.5%	(4/32)	0.306^b
Enterococcus species	30.4%	(31/102)	18.8%	(6/32)	0.199^b
Gram-negative species	2.0%	(2/102)	0%	(0/32)	0.294^c
Blood-culture negative	9.8%	(10/102)	12.5%	(4/32)	0.669^c
Detected pathogen valve
S.aureus	7.7%	(4/52)	19.0%	(4/21)	0.178^c
CoNS	9.6%	(5/52)	9.5%	(2/21)	0.990^c
Streptococcus species	11.5%	(6/52)	0%	(0/21)	0.038^c
Enterococcus species	30.8%	(16/52)	19.0%	(4/21)	0.309^b
Gram-negative species	1.9%	(1/52)	0%	(0/21)	0.408^c
Without pathogen detection	36.5%	(19/52)	47.6%	(10/21)	0.381^c
Detected pathogen disc tissue
S.aureus	15.8%	(9/57)	40.0%	(10/25)	0.017^b
CoNS	5.3%	(3/57)	8.0%	(2/25)	0.641^c
Streptococcus species	12.3%	(7/57)	20.0%	(5/25)	0.374^c
Enterococcus species	14.0%	(8/57)	16.0%	(4/25)	0.818^c
Gram-negative species	3.5%	(2/57)	0%	(0/25)	0.224^c
Without pathogen detection	43.9%	(25/57)	8.0%	(2/25)	0.001^c

	Primary surgical treatment for IE (n = 115)		Primary surgical treatment for SD (n = 35)		P-value
Age (years)	70	[65.0–76.0]	69.9	[60.0–74.9]	0.488^a
Sex (%)
Male	80.9%	(93/115)	77.1%	(27/35)	0.629^b
Female	19.1%	(22/115)	22.9%	(8/35)	0.629^b
BMI (kg/m²)	26.5	[24.0–29.4]	26.1	[23.0–29.2]	0.515^a
Underlying conditions/comorbidities
Hypertension	75.7%	(87/115)	71.4%	(25/35)	0.615^b
Diabetes	35.7%	(41/115)	25.7%	(9/35)	0.275^b
Hyperlipidaemia	39.1%	(45/115)	34.3%	(12/35)	0.605^b
Smoking	21.4%	(24/112)	25.7%	(9/35)	0.596^b
COPD	12.2%	(14/115)	20.6%	(7/34)	0.223^c
Peripheral artery disease	6.1%	(7/115)	14.3%	(5/35)	0.141^c
Preoperative CKD	51.3%	(59/115)	37.1%	(13/35)	0.142^b
Preoperative haemodialysis	9.6%	(10/104)	13.8%	(4/29)	0.529^c
Preoperative stroke	29.6%	(34/115)	25.7%	(9/35)	0.659^b
Coronary artery disease	31.3%	(36/115)	28.6%	(10/35)	0.759^b
Septic embolism	42.2%	(46/109)	35.3%	(12/34)	0.417^b
Malignancy	18.3%	(21/115)	20.0%	(7/35)	0.817^b
Immunosuppression	4.3%	(5/115)	0%	(0/35)	0.100^c
Intravenous drug abuse	0%	(0/115)	2.9%	(1/35)	0.087^c
Manifestation and surgical therapy of IE
Aortic valve IE	72.2%	(83/115)	60.0%	(21/35)	0.171^b
Mitral valve IE	38.3%	(44/115)	51.4%	(18/35)	0.166^b
Tricuspid valve IE	6.1%	(7/115)	11.4%	(4/35)	0.311^c
Prosthetic valve IE	25.2%	(29/115)	31.4%	(11/35)	0.467^b
Perivalvular infection	25.4%	(29/114)	34.3%	(12/35)	0.305^b
CPB time	98.5	[79.0–148.5]	109.0	[78.0–151.0]	0.549^a
Cross-clamp time	71.0	[55.0–99.3]	68.0	[47.0–104.3]	0.613^a
Manifestation and therapy of SD
Back pain	80.5%	(70/87)	80.0%	(24/30)	0.956^b
Spinal level
Cervical	6.5%	(7/107)	11.4%	(4/35)	0.367^c
Thoracic	20.6%	(22/107)	20.0%	(7/35)	0.943^b
Lumbosacral	63.6%	(68/107)	57.1%	(20/35)	0.498^b
Multilevel	9.3%	(10/107)	11.4%	(4/35)	0.724^c
Segments affected (n)
1	57.0%	(57/100)	54.5%	(18/33)	0.805^b
2	29.0%	(29/100)	30.3%	(10/33)	0.887^b
>2	14.0%	(14/100)	15.2%	(5/33)	0.871^c
Prior infiltration	18.1%	(19/105)	3.2%	(1/31)	0.020^c
Psoas abscess	28.6%	(30/105)	28.1%	(9/32)	0.961^b
Epidural abscess	21.2%	(7/33)	30.8%	(4/13)	0.501^c
Spinal fusion
Bone graft	8.8%	(5/57)	0%	(0/14)	0.130^c
Cage	40.4%	(23/57)	57.1%	(8/14)	0.256^b
Microbiology
Bacteraemia	89.1%	(98/110)	91.2%	(31/34)	0.723^b
Detected pathogen blood culture
S.aureus	18.6%	(19/102)	40.6%	(13/32)	0.011^b
CoNS	12.7%	(13/102)	9.4%	(3/32)	0.599^c
Streptococcus species	20.6%	(21/102)	12.5%	(4/32)	0.306^b
Enterococcus species	30.4%	(31/102)	18.8%	(6/32)	0.199^b
Gram-negative species	2.0%	(2/102)	0%	(0/32)	0.294^c
Blood-culture negative	9.8%	(10/102)	12.5%	(4/32)	0.669^c
Detected pathogen valve
S.aureus	7.7%	(4/52)	19.0%	(4/21)	0.178^c
CoNS	9.6%	(5/52)	9.5%	(2/21)	0.990^c
Streptococcus species	11.5%	(6/52)	0%	(0/21)	0.038^c
Enterococcus species	30.8%	(16/52)	19.0%	(4/21)	0.309^b
Gram-negative species	1.9%	(1/52)	0%	(0/21)	0.408^c
Without pathogen detection	36.5%	(19/52)	47.6%	(10/21)	0.381^c
Detected pathogen disc tissue
S.aureus	15.8%	(9/57)	40.0%	(10/25)	0.017^b
CoNS	5.3%	(3/57)	8.0%	(2/25)	0.641^c
Streptococcus species	12.3%	(7/57)	20.0%	(5/25)	0.374^c
Enterococcus species	14.0%	(8/57)	16.0%	(4/25)	0.818^c
Gram-negative species	3.5%	(2/57)	0%	(0/25)	0.224^c
Without pathogen detection	43.9%	(25/57)	8.0%	(2/25)	0.001^c

Mann–Whitney U-test.

Chi-square test.

Fisher’s exact test.

BMI: body mass index; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CoNS: coagulase-negative Staphylococci; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; IE: infective endocarditis; SD: spondylodiscitis.

Values in bold differed significantly.

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