Table 5a.

Regression Models to Impute Consumption into 2010/11 Using Variables from 2018/19 NLSS

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
Original modelModel 1Model 2Model 3Model 4Model 5
North Central−0.184***−0.184***−0.187***−0.263***−0.188***−0.242***
(0.0140)(0.0139)(0.0140)(0.0134)(0.0139)(0.0135)
North East−0.415***−0.411***−0.392***−0.473***−0.412***−0.474***
(0.0171)(0.0170)(0.0166)(0.0158)(0.0170)(0.0166)
North West−0.325***−0.322***−0.298***−0.362***−0.319***−0.376***
(0.0152)(0.0151)(0.0143)(0.0141)(0.0150)(0.0152)
South East−0.285***−0.283***−0.276***−0.335***−0.283***−0.331***
(0.0141)(0.0140)(0.0139)(0.0135)(0.0140)(0.0139)
South South−0.109***−0.110***−0.0995***−0.129***−0.114***−0.0954***
(0.0140)(0.0140)(0.0138)(0.0136)(0.0140)(0.0139)
HH Male−0.115***−0.113***−0.113***−0.122***−0.121***−0.122***
(0.0119)(0.0119)(0.0119)(0.0119)(0.0118)(0.0123)
Dependency ratio−0.603***−0.603***−0.606***−0.608***−0.599***−0.591***
(0.0172)(0.0172)(0.0172)(0.0172)(0.0171)(0.0175)
HH waged empoyment0.0611***0.0342***
(0.0109)(0.00991)
HH nonfarm employment0.0569***0.0377***0.0409***0.0452***
(0.00899)(0.00820)(0.00819)(0.00827)
Main floor: cement0.0258***0.0286***0.0349***0.0410***0.0304***0.0464***
(0.00895)(0.00892)(0.00884)(0.00897)(0.00891)(0.00924)
Main cook fuel: wood−0.184***−0.189***−0.201***−0.226***−0.189***−0.226***
(0.0106)(0.0105)(0.0103)(0.0104)(0.0106)(0.0110)
No toilet−0.0558***−0.0610***−0.0621***−0.0679***
(0.00942)(0.00944)(0.00942)(0.00984)
Air conditioner0.120***0.122***0.122***0.128***0.121***0.132***
(0.0333)(0.0333)(0.0334)(0.0334)(0.0331)(0.0338)
Washing machine0.146***0.151***0.154***0.158***0.144***0.142***
(0.0340)(0.0345)(0.0346)(0.0351)(0.0337)(0.0347)
Cars and other vehicles0.174***0.177***0.178***0.185***0.181***0.200***
(0.0157)(0.0157)(0.0157)(0.0161)(0.0157)(0.0166)
Generator0.135***0.134***0.136***0.144***0.136***0.159***
(0.0105)(0.0105)(0.0105)(0.0106)(0.0105)(0.0109)
Microwave0.140***0.138***0.142***0.154***0.135***0.153***
(0.0333)(0.0337)(0.0338)(0.0339)(0.0333)(0.0335)
TV set0.106***0.112***0.121***0.135***0.110***0.150***
(0.0102)(0.0102)(0.0101)(0.0102)(0.0102)(0.0105)
Computer0.133***0.140***0.141***0.150***0.130***0.157***
(0.0209)(0.0210)(0.0210)(0.0212)(0.0209)(0.0217)
Imported rice0.146***0.150***0.151***0.150***
(0.00965)(0.00960)(0.00960)(0.00958)
Beef0.149***0.149***0.151***0.163***0.150***
(0.00785)(0.00786)(0.00784)(0.00799)(0.00786)
Fresh fish0.140***0.140***0.136***0.136***0.139***
(0.0103)(0.0103)(0.0102)(0.0103)(0.0102)
Recharge cards0.131***0.135***0.138***0.145***0.136***0.165***
(0.0113)(0.0113)(0.0113)(0.0114)(0.0114)(0.0116)
1.115***1.139***1.104***1.205***1.156***1.306***
(0.0265)(0.0263)(0.0255)(0.0251)(0.0260)(0.0260)
21,58021,58021,58021,58021,58021,580
0.5350.5340.5320.5240.5330.502
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
Original modelModel 1Model 2Model 3Model 4Model 5
North Central−0.184***−0.184***−0.187***−0.263***−0.188***−0.242***
(0.0140)(0.0139)(0.0140)(0.0134)(0.0139)(0.0135)
North East−0.415***−0.411***−0.392***−0.473***−0.412***−0.474***
(0.0171)(0.0170)(0.0166)(0.0158)(0.0170)(0.0166)
North West−0.325***−0.322***−0.298***−0.362***−0.319***−0.376***
(0.0152)(0.0151)(0.0143)(0.0141)(0.0150)(0.0152)
South East−0.285***−0.283***−0.276***−0.335***−0.283***−0.331***
(0.0141)(0.0140)(0.0139)(0.0135)(0.0140)(0.0139)
South South−0.109***−0.110***−0.0995***−0.129***−0.114***−0.0954***
(0.0140)(0.0140)(0.0138)(0.0136)(0.0140)(0.0139)
HH Male−0.115***−0.113***−0.113***−0.122***−0.121***−0.122***
(0.0119)(0.0119)(0.0119)(0.0119)(0.0118)(0.0123)
Dependency ratio−0.603***−0.603***−0.606***−0.608***−0.599***−0.591***
(0.0172)(0.0172)(0.0172)(0.0172)(0.0171)(0.0175)
HH waged empoyment0.0611***0.0342***
(0.0109)(0.00991)
HH nonfarm employment0.0569***0.0377***0.0409***0.0452***
(0.00899)(0.00820)(0.00819)(0.00827)
Main floor: cement0.0258***0.0286***0.0349***0.0410***0.0304***0.0464***
(0.00895)(0.00892)(0.00884)(0.00897)(0.00891)(0.00924)
Main cook fuel: wood−0.184***−0.189***−0.201***−0.226***−0.189***−0.226***
(0.0106)(0.0105)(0.0103)(0.0104)(0.0106)(0.0110)
No toilet−0.0558***−0.0610***−0.0621***−0.0679***
(0.00942)(0.00944)(0.00942)(0.00984)
Air conditioner0.120***0.122***0.122***0.128***0.121***0.132***
(0.0333)(0.0333)(0.0334)(0.0334)(0.0331)(0.0338)
Washing machine0.146***0.151***0.154***0.158***0.144***0.142***
(0.0340)(0.0345)(0.0346)(0.0351)(0.0337)(0.0347)
Cars and other vehicles0.174***0.177***0.178***0.185***0.181***0.200***
(0.0157)(0.0157)(0.0157)(0.0161)(0.0157)(0.0166)
Generator0.135***0.134***0.136***0.144***0.136***0.159***
(0.0105)(0.0105)(0.0105)(0.0106)(0.0105)(0.0109)
Microwave0.140***0.138***0.142***0.154***0.135***0.153***
(0.0333)(0.0337)(0.0338)(0.0339)(0.0333)(0.0335)
TV set0.106***0.112***0.121***0.135***0.110***0.150***
(0.0102)(0.0102)(0.0101)(0.0102)(0.0102)(0.0105)
Computer0.133***0.140***0.141***0.150***0.130***0.157***
(0.0209)(0.0210)(0.0210)(0.0212)(0.0209)(0.0217)
Imported rice0.146***0.150***0.151***0.150***
(0.00965)(0.00960)(0.00960)(0.00958)
Beef0.149***0.149***0.151***0.163***0.150***
(0.00785)(0.00786)(0.00784)(0.00799)(0.00786)
Fresh fish0.140***0.140***0.136***0.136***0.139***
(0.0103)(0.0103)(0.0102)(0.0103)(0.0102)
Recharge cards0.131***0.135***0.138***0.145***0.136***0.165***
(0.0113)(0.0113)(0.0113)(0.0114)(0.0114)(0.0116)
1.115***1.139***1.104***1.205***1.156***1.306***
(0.0265)(0.0263)(0.0255)(0.0251)(0.0260)(0.0260)
21,58021,58021,58021,58021,58021,580
0.5350.5340.5320.5240.5330.502

Source: Authors’ analysis based on data from 2019/19 Nigerian Living Standards Survey.

Note: Robust standard errors in parentheses ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1. The table shows the results of the consumption model used for survey-to-survey imputation purposes. Data are from the 2018/19 NLSS and comprise a series of nonmonetary indicators that are comparable between the baseline (NLSS) and target survey (GHS). Household consumption is spatially and temporally deflated and expressed in 2011PPP.

Table 5a.

Regression Models to Impute Consumption into 2010/11 Using Variables from 2018/19 NLSS

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
Original modelModel 1Model 2Model 3Model 4Model 5
North Central−0.184***−0.184***−0.187***−0.263***−0.188***−0.242***
(0.0140)(0.0139)(0.0140)(0.0134)(0.0139)(0.0135)
North East−0.415***−0.411***−0.392***−0.473***−0.412***−0.474***
(0.0171)(0.0170)(0.0166)(0.0158)(0.0170)(0.0166)
North West−0.325***−0.322***−0.298***−0.362***−0.319***−0.376***
(0.0152)(0.0151)(0.0143)(0.0141)(0.0150)(0.0152)
South East−0.285***−0.283***−0.276***−0.335***−0.283***−0.331***
(0.0141)(0.0140)(0.0139)(0.0135)(0.0140)(0.0139)
South South−0.109***−0.110***−0.0995***−0.129***−0.114***−0.0954***
(0.0140)(0.0140)(0.0138)(0.0136)(0.0140)(0.0139)
HH Male−0.115***−0.113***−0.113***−0.122***−0.121***−0.122***
(0.0119)(0.0119)(0.0119)(0.0119)(0.0118)(0.0123)
Dependency ratio−0.603***−0.603***−0.606***−0.608***−0.599***−0.591***
(0.0172)(0.0172)(0.0172)(0.0172)(0.0171)(0.0175)
HH waged empoyment0.0611***0.0342***
(0.0109)(0.00991)
HH nonfarm employment0.0569***0.0377***0.0409***0.0452***
(0.00899)(0.00820)(0.00819)(0.00827)
Main floor: cement0.0258***0.0286***0.0349***0.0410***0.0304***0.0464***
(0.00895)(0.00892)(0.00884)(0.00897)(0.00891)(0.00924)
Main cook fuel: wood−0.184***−0.189***−0.201***−0.226***−0.189***−0.226***
(0.0106)(0.0105)(0.0103)(0.0104)(0.0106)(0.0110)
No toilet−0.0558***−0.0610***−0.0621***−0.0679***
(0.00942)(0.00944)(0.00942)(0.00984)
Air conditioner0.120***0.122***0.122***0.128***0.121***0.132***
(0.0333)(0.0333)(0.0334)(0.0334)(0.0331)(0.0338)
Washing machine0.146***0.151***0.154***0.158***0.144***0.142***
(0.0340)(0.0345)(0.0346)(0.0351)(0.0337)(0.0347)
Cars and other vehicles0.174***0.177***0.178***0.185***0.181***0.200***
(0.0157)(0.0157)(0.0157)(0.0161)(0.0157)(0.0166)
Generator0.135***0.134***0.136***0.144***0.136***0.159***
(0.0105)(0.0105)(0.0105)(0.0106)(0.0105)(0.0109)
Microwave0.140***0.138***0.142***0.154***0.135***0.153***
(0.0333)(0.0337)(0.0338)(0.0339)(0.0333)(0.0335)
TV set0.106***0.112***0.121***0.135***0.110***0.150***
(0.0102)(0.0102)(0.0101)(0.0102)(0.0102)(0.0105)
Computer0.133***0.140***0.141***0.150***0.130***0.157***
(0.0209)(0.0210)(0.0210)(0.0212)(0.0209)(0.0217)
Imported rice0.146***0.150***0.151***0.150***
(0.00965)(0.00960)(0.00960)(0.00958)
Beef0.149***0.149***0.151***0.163***0.150***
(0.00785)(0.00786)(0.00784)(0.00799)(0.00786)
Fresh fish0.140***0.140***0.136***0.136***0.139***
(0.0103)(0.0103)(0.0102)(0.0103)(0.0102)
Recharge cards0.131***0.135***0.138***0.145***0.136***0.165***
(0.0113)(0.0113)(0.0113)(0.0114)(0.0114)(0.0116)
1.115***1.139***1.104***1.205***1.156***1.306***
(0.0265)(0.0263)(0.0255)(0.0251)(0.0260)(0.0260)
21,58021,58021,58021,58021,58021,580
0.5350.5340.5320.5240.5330.502
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
Original modelModel 1Model 2Model 3Model 4Model 5
North Central−0.184***−0.184***−0.187***−0.263***−0.188***−0.242***
(0.0140)(0.0139)(0.0140)(0.0134)(0.0139)(0.0135)
North East−0.415***−0.411***−0.392***−0.473***−0.412***−0.474***
(0.0171)(0.0170)(0.0166)(0.0158)(0.0170)(0.0166)
North West−0.325***−0.322***−0.298***−0.362***−0.319***−0.376***
(0.0152)(0.0151)(0.0143)(0.0141)(0.0150)(0.0152)
South East−0.285***−0.283***−0.276***−0.335***−0.283***−0.331***
(0.0141)(0.0140)(0.0139)(0.0135)(0.0140)(0.0139)
South South−0.109***−0.110***−0.0995***−0.129***−0.114***−0.0954***
(0.0140)(0.0140)(0.0138)(0.0136)(0.0140)(0.0139)
HH Male−0.115***−0.113***−0.113***−0.122***−0.121***−0.122***
(0.0119)(0.0119)(0.0119)(0.0119)(0.0118)(0.0123)
Dependency ratio−0.603***−0.603***−0.606***−0.608***−0.599***−0.591***
(0.0172)(0.0172)(0.0172)(0.0172)(0.0171)(0.0175)
HH waged empoyment0.0611***0.0342***
(0.0109)(0.00991)
HH nonfarm employment0.0569***0.0377***0.0409***0.0452***
(0.00899)(0.00820)(0.00819)(0.00827)
Main floor: cement0.0258***0.0286***0.0349***0.0410***0.0304***0.0464***
(0.00895)(0.00892)(0.00884)(0.00897)(0.00891)(0.00924)
Main cook fuel: wood−0.184***−0.189***−0.201***−0.226***−0.189***−0.226***
(0.0106)(0.0105)(0.0103)(0.0104)(0.0106)(0.0110)
No toilet−0.0558***−0.0610***−0.0621***−0.0679***
(0.00942)(0.00944)(0.00942)(0.00984)
Air conditioner0.120***0.122***0.122***0.128***0.121***0.132***
(0.0333)(0.0333)(0.0334)(0.0334)(0.0331)(0.0338)
Washing machine0.146***0.151***0.154***0.158***0.144***0.142***
(0.0340)(0.0345)(0.0346)(0.0351)(0.0337)(0.0347)
Cars and other vehicles0.174***0.177***0.178***0.185***0.181***0.200***
(0.0157)(0.0157)(0.0157)(0.0161)(0.0157)(0.0166)
Generator0.135***0.134***0.136***0.144***0.136***0.159***
(0.0105)(0.0105)(0.0105)(0.0106)(0.0105)(0.0109)
Microwave0.140***0.138***0.142***0.154***0.135***0.153***
(0.0333)(0.0337)(0.0338)(0.0339)(0.0333)(0.0335)
TV set0.106***0.112***0.121***0.135***0.110***0.150***
(0.0102)(0.0102)(0.0101)(0.0102)(0.0102)(0.0105)
Computer0.133***0.140***0.141***0.150***0.130***0.157***
(0.0209)(0.0210)(0.0210)(0.0212)(0.0209)(0.0217)
Imported rice0.146***0.150***0.151***0.150***
(0.00965)(0.00960)(0.00960)(0.00958)
Beef0.149***0.149***0.151***0.163***0.150***
(0.00785)(0.00786)(0.00784)(0.00799)(0.00786)
Fresh fish0.140***0.140***0.136***0.136***0.139***
(0.0103)(0.0103)(0.0102)(0.0103)(0.0102)
Recharge cards0.131***0.135***0.138***0.145***0.136***0.165***
(0.0113)(0.0113)(0.0113)(0.0114)(0.0114)(0.0116)
1.115***1.139***1.104***1.205***1.156***1.306***
(0.0265)(0.0263)(0.0255)(0.0251)(0.0260)(0.0260)
21,58021,58021,58021,58021,58021,580
0.5350.5340.5320.5240.5330.502

Source: Authors’ analysis based on data from 2019/19 Nigerian Living Standards Survey.

Note: Robust standard errors in parentheses ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1. The table shows the results of the consumption model used for survey-to-survey imputation purposes. Data are from the 2018/19 NLSS and comprise a series of nonmonetary indicators that are comparable between the baseline (NLSS) and target survey (GHS). Household consumption is spatially and temporally deflated and expressed in 2011PPP.

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