Table 5.
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Proportion of Farmers Using Child Labor Estimated by List Experiment and Direct Questioning Method

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
ControlTreatmentDifference inDirectDifference
meanmeanmeans (%)question (%)(pp)
List 1: Harvesting & pod-breaking
1.7772.01824.1212.7611.36***
 N2,3042,1544,4582,304
List 2: Preparing the plot
1.8242.04221.7511.2810.47***
 N2,1542,3044,4582,154
List 3: Employed child labor
1.8742.13025.63
 N2,3042,1544,458
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
ControlTreatmentDifference inDirectDifference
meanmeanmeans (%)question (%)(pp)
List 1: Harvesting & pod-breaking
1.7772.01824.1212.7611.36***
 N2,3042,1544,4582,304
List 2: Preparing the plot
1.8242.04221.7511.2810.47***
 N2,1542,3044,4582,154
List 3: Employed child labor
1.8742.13025.63
 N2,3042,1544,458

Source: Author’s calculation.

Note: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Table 5.
Open in new tab

Proportion of Farmers Using Child Labor Estimated by List Experiment and Direct Questioning Method

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
ControlTreatmentDifference inDirectDifference
meanmeanmeans (%)question (%)(pp)
List 1: Harvesting & pod-breaking
1.7772.01824.1212.7611.36***
 N2,3042,1544,4582,304
List 2: Preparing the plot
1.8242.04221.7511.2810.47***
 N2,1542,3044,4582,154
List 3: Employed child labor
1.8742.13025.63
 N2,3042,1544,458
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
ControlTreatmentDifference inDirectDifference
meanmeanmeans (%)question (%)(pp)
List 1: Harvesting & pod-breaking
1.7772.01824.1212.7611.36***
 N2,3042,1544,4582,304
List 2: Preparing the plot
1.8242.04221.7511.2810.47***
 N2,1542,3044,4582,154
List 3: Employed child labor
1.8742.13025.63
 N2,3042,1544,458

Source: Author’s calculation.

Note: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

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