| . | . | . | Outcome (ATT) . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motivation . | Action . | Target . | Private listings . | Commercial listings . |
| Housing Overtourism Competition | Host require licenses: hosts require permissions issued by local authorities to be active on STR platforms | Added listings Removed listings Availability Reviews | −0.231*** (0.036) 0.157*** (0.046) −0.389*** (0.167) −1.212*** (0.104) | −0.249*** (0.038) −0.359*** (0.068) −0.393* (0.248) −0.824*** (0.102) |
| . | . | . | Outcome (ATT) . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motivation . | Action . | Target . | Private listings . | Commercial listings . |
| Housing Overtourism Competition | Host require licenses: hosts require permissions issued by local authorities to be active on STR platforms | Added listings Removed listings Availability Reviews | −0.231*** (0.036) 0.157*** (0.046) −0.389*** (0.167) −1.212*** (0.104) | −0.249*** (0.038) −0.359*** (0.068) −0.393* (0.248) −0.824*** (0.102) |
Treated units: 32 districts/neighborhoods in Barcelona, Berlin, Madrid, and Paris. Dependent variables added listings, removed listings, and reviews are transformed logarithmically. Standard errors in parentheses are produced by 1000 bootstraps.
p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Includes controls and location/time fixed effects.
| . | . | . | Outcome (ATT) . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motivation . | Action . | Target . | Private listings . | Commercial listings . |
| Housing Overtourism Competition | Host require licenses: hosts require permissions issued by local authorities to be active on STR platforms | Added listings Removed listings Availability Reviews | −0.231*** (0.036) 0.157*** (0.046) −0.389*** (0.167) −1.212*** (0.104) | −0.249*** (0.038) −0.359*** (0.068) −0.393* (0.248) −0.824*** (0.102) |
| . | . | . | Outcome (ATT) . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motivation . | Action . | Target . | Private listings . | Commercial listings . |
| Housing Overtourism Competition | Host require licenses: hosts require permissions issued by local authorities to be active on STR platforms | Added listings Removed listings Availability Reviews | −0.231*** (0.036) 0.157*** (0.046) −0.389*** (0.167) −1.212*** (0.104) | −0.249*** (0.038) −0.359*** (0.068) −0.393* (0.248) −0.824*** (0.102) |
Treated units: 32 districts/neighborhoods in Barcelona, Berlin, Madrid, and Paris. Dependent variables added listings, removed listings, and reviews are transformed logarithmically. Standard errors in parentheses are produced by 1000 bootstraps.
p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Includes controls and location/time fixed effects.
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