Table 1. Open in new tab Factors of RIC,...

Factors and main ideas	Exemplary quotes
Socio-contextual factors
Remote communication norms • Norms concerning the use of technology and their features, availability, contacting each other, and ritualized informal interactions (e.g., pre-meeting small talk)	“You always have to be available, which is annoying.” (#10) “At the beginning [of the meeting], we have a short chat, I don't know, five minutes, about any topic.” (#17)
Perceived proximity • Perceived interpersonal closeness between colleagues, relating to their interpersonal relationships	“If you don't really have a close relationship now, but just get on well at work, then you don’t exactly write people an email saying ‘Hi, how are you?’” (#27) “It depends on the people you talk to, of course—how well you get along with them is also a factor.” (#25)
Intrapersonal factors
Perceived workload • Higher workload when working from home and more tasks to complete • Digital workload (e.g., communication overload, screen time)	“The time is just not there, because it feels like you have more to do when working from home than at the office.” (#31) “Sometimes it can be really distracting when so many messages pop up.” (#3)
Need for informal communication • General or acute need for informal interactions	“For me, the need for exchange, this communicative need, is very strongly pronounced.”(#31) “If I don't have the time or the desire for it at the moment, then it just doesn't happen.” (#4)
Proactivity • Completely spontaneous encounters rare and interaction needs to be more intentional	“You have to seek them [informal conversations] out. You have to actively call someone.” (#3) “I'm not calling anyone to ask how their weekend was. Spontaneously.” (#6)
Technology skills and familiarity • General and specific skills and familiarity with technology	“[…] it is also not as natural for me, because I had to learn everything.” (#14) “You just try out different things that work better.” (#3)
Technological factors
Accessibility • Functioning of technical setup/internet	“All of it [the ICTs used] worked perfectly, more or less, from day one.” (#14) “It just so happened that the technology in the home office failed completely all morning.” (#33)
Usability • Ease of usage of technology	“To chat with someone, you now have to call, write something. It's much more time-consuming than in a normal office situation.” (#7)
Visibility • Seeing conversational partner during interaction • Visual cues of availability	“You also want to somehow get the reaction of the other person, to see their facial expressions, to also see ‘Is it stupid that I'm telling you this, what do you think of it right now?’” (#9) “And you can't tell if the person is currently free, so you must send out a message, almost like a ping, into the unknown and then wait to see what response you get back.” (#2)
Selectivity • Ability to choose with whom to interact and who the audience is	“We also have team meetings every two weeks and sorry, I'm not going to say how I'm doing in front of the whole team.” (#10)
Synchronicity • Time-lag of interaction both detrimental and beneficial	“I can decide when I write back and when I don't.” (#11) “When you need to quickly decide something […] You now have to send someone an email and then call and ask them: ‘Here, check the email I sent you.’ It all becomes somewhat slower.” (#2)

Factors and main ideas

Exemplary quotes

Socio-contextual factors

Remote communication norms
• Norms concerning the use of technology and their features, availability, contacting each other, and ritualized informal interactions (e.g., pre-meeting small talk)

“You always have to be available, which is annoying.” (#10)
“At the beginning [of the meeting], we have a short chat, I don't know, five minutes, about any topic.” (#17)

Perceived proximity
• Perceived interpersonal closeness between colleagues, relating to their interpersonal relationships

“If you don't really have a close relationship now, but just get on well at work, then you don’t exactly write people an email saying ‘Hi, how are you?’” (#27)
“It depends on the people you talk to, of course—how well you get along with them is also a factor.” (#25)

Intrapersonal factors

Perceived workload
• Higher workload when working from home and more tasks to complete
• Digital workload (e.g., communication overload, screen time)

“The time is just not there, because it feels like you have more to do when working from home than at the office.” (#31)
“Sometimes it can be really distracting when so many messages pop up.” (#3)

Need for informal communication

• General or acute need for informal interactions

“For me, the need for exchange, this communicative need, is very strongly pronounced.”(#31)
“If I don't have the time or the desire for it at the moment, then it just doesn't happen.” (#4)

Proactivity

• Completely spontaneous encounters rare and interaction needs to be more intentional

“You have to seek them [informal conversations] out. You have to actively call someone.” (#3)
“I'm not calling anyone to ask how their weekend was. Spontaneously.” (#6)

Technology skills and familiarity
• General and specific skills and familiarity with technology

“[…] it is also not as natural for me, because I had to learn everything.” (#14)
“You just try out different things that work better.” (#3)

Technological factors

Accessibility
• Functioning of technical setup/internet

“All of it [the ICTs used] worked perfectly, more or less, from day one.” (#14)
“It just so happened that the technology in the home office failed completely all morning.” (#33)

Usability
• Ease of usage of technology

“To chat with someone, you now have to call, write something. It's much more time-consuming than in a normal office situation.” (#7)

Visibility
• Seeing conversational partner during interaction

• Visual cues of availability

“You also want to somehow get the reaction of the other person, to see their facial expressions, to also see ‘Is it stupid that I'm telling you this, what do you think of it right now?’” (#9)
“And you can't tell if the person is currently free, so you must send out a message, almost like a ping, into the unknown and then wait to see what response you get back.” (#2)

Selectivity
• Ability to choose with whom to interact and who the audience is

“We also have team meetings every two weeks and sorry, I'm not going to say how I'm doing in front of the whole team.” (#10)

Synchronicity
• Time-lag of interaction both detrimental and beneficial

“I can decide when I write back and when I don't.” (#11)
“When you need to quickly decide something […] You now have to send someone an email and then call and ask them: ‘Here, check the email I sent you.’ It all becomes somewhat slower.” (#2)

Factors and main ideas	Exemplary quotes
Socio-contextual factors
Remote communication norms • Norms concerning the use of technology and their features, availability, contacting each other, and ritualized informal interactions (e.g., pre-meeting small talk)	“You always have to be available, which is annoying.” (#10) “At the beginning [of the meeting], we have a short chat, I don't know, five minutes, about any topic.” (#17)
Perceived proximity • Perceived interpersonal closeness between colleagues, relating to their interpersonal relationships	“If you don't really have a close relationship now, but just get on well at work, then you don’t exactly write people an email saying ‘Hi, how are you?’” (#27) “It depends on the people you talk to, of course—how well you get along with them is also a factor.” (#25)
Intrapersonal factors
Perceived workload • Higher workload when working from home and more tasks to complete • Digital workload (e.g., communication overload, screen time)	“The time is just not there, because it feels like you have more to do when working from home than at the office.” (#31) “Sometimes it can be really distracting when so many messages pop up.” (#3)
Need for informal communication • General or acute need for informal interactions	“For me, the need for exchange, this communicative need, is very strongly pronounced.”(#31) “If I don't have the time or the desire for it at the moment, then it just doesn't happen.” (#4)
Proactivity • Completely spontaneous encounters rare and interaction needs to be more intentional	“You have to seek them [informal conversations] out. You have to actively call someone.” (#3) “I'm not calling anyone to ask how their weekend was. Spontaneously.” (#6)
Technology skills and familiarity • General and specific skills and familiarity with technology	“[…] it is also not as natural for me, because I had to learn everything.” (#14) “You just try out different things that work better.” (#3)
Technological factors
Accessibility • Functioning of technical setup/internet	“All of it [the ICTs used] worked perfectly, more or less, from day one.” (#14) “It just so happened that the technology in the home office failed completely all morning.” (#33)
Usability • Ease of usage of technology	“To chat with someone, you now have to call, write something. It's much more time-consuming than in a normal office situation.” (#7)
Visibility • Seeing conversational partner during interaction • Visual cues of availability	“You also want to somehow get the reaction of the other person, to see their facial expressions, to also see ‘Is it stupid that I'm telling you this, what do you think of it right now?’” (#9) “And you can't tell if the person is currently free, so you must send out a message, almost like a ping, into the unknown and then wait to see what response you get back.” (#2)
Selectivity • Ability to choose with whom to interact and who the audience is	“We also have team meetings every two weeks and sorry, I'm not going to say how I'm doing in front of the whole team.” (#10)
Synchronicity • Time-lag of interaction both detrimental and beneficial	“I can decide when I write back and when I don't.” (#11) “When you need to quickly decide something […] You now have to send someone an email and then call and ask them: ‘Here, check the email I sent you.’ It all becomes somewhat slower.” (#2)