Demographic and clinical characteristics, by frailty severity level (not frail, mild frailty, moderate frailty)
| . | Total (n = 324) . | Not frail (n = 248) . | Mild frailty (n = 50) . | Moderate frailty (n = 26) . | P valuea . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 73.3 (6.27) | 72.7 (5.81) | 75.0 (8.11) | 76.1 (5.26) | 0.003 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.720 | ||||
| Male | 196 (60.5) | 153 (61.7) | 28 (56.0) | 15 (57.7) | |
| Female | 128 (39.5) | 95 (38.3) | 22 (44.0) | 11 (42.3) | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.129 | ||||
| White | 238 (73.5) | 190 (76.6) | 33 (66.0) | 15 (57.7) | |
| Black | 66 (20.4) | 44 (17.7) | 13 (26.0) | 9 (34.6) | |
| Other | 20 (6.2) | 14 (5.7) | 4 (8.0) | 2 (7.7) | |
| Primary anaesthesia, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| General | 258 (79.6) | 207 (83.5) | 33 (66.0) | 18 (69.2) | |
| Spinal | 26 (8.0) | 23 (9.3) | 3 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Regional | 24 (7.4) | 11 (4.4) | 10 (20.0) | 3 (11.5) | |
| MAC | 16 (4.9) | 7 (2.8) | 4 (8.0) | 5 (19.2) | |
| Operative Stress Score n (%)b | 0.247 | ||||
| 1–2 | 123 (40.5) | 94 (40.3) | 17 (37.8) | 12 (46.2) | |
| 3 | 145 (47.7) | 107 (45.9) | 24 (53.3) | 14 (53.9) | |
| 4–5 | 36 (11.8) | 32 (13.7) | 4 (8.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| . | Total (n = 324) . | Not frail (n = 248) . | Mild frailty (n = 50) . | Moderate frailty (n = 26) . | P valuea . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 73.3 (6.27) | 72.7 (5.81) | 75.0 (8.11) | 76.1 (5.26) | 0.003 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.720 | ||||
| Male | 196 (60.5) | 153 (61.7) | 28 (56.0) | 15 (57.7) | |
| Female | 128 (39.5) | 95 (38.3) | 22 (44.0) | 11 (42.3) | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.129 | ||||
| White | 238 (73.5) | 190 (76.6) | 33 (66.0) | 15 (57.7) | |
| Black | 66 (20.4) | 44 (17.7) | 13 (26.0) | 9 (34.6) | |
| Other | 20 (6.2) | 14 (5.7) | 4 (8.0) | 2 (7.7) | |
| Primary anaesthesia, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| General | 258 (79.6) | 207 (83.5) | 33 (66.0) | 18 (69.2) | |
| Spinal | 26 (8.0) | 23 (9.3) | 3 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Regional | 24 (7.4) | 11 (4.4) | 10 (20.0) | 3 (11.5) | |
| MAC | 16 (4.9) | 7 (2.8) | 4 (8.0) | 5 (19.2) | |
| Operative Stress Score n (%)b | 0.247 | ||||
| 1–2 | 123 (40.5) | 94 (40.3) | 17 (37.8) | 12 (46.2) | |
| 3 | 145 (47.7) | 107 (45.9) | 24 (53.3) | 14 (53.9) | |
| 4–5 | 36 (11.8) | 32 (13.7) | 4 (8.9) | 0 (0.0) |
Bold indicates statistical significance
aP values based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and Chi square or Fisher exact tests for categorical variables
b20 individuals did not have operative severity scores recorded
Demographic and clinical characteristics, by frailty severity level (not frail, mild frailty, moderate frailty)
| . | Total (n = 324) . | Not frail (n = 248) . | Mild frailty (n = 50) . | Moderate frailty (n = 26) . | P valuea . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 73.3 (6.27) | 72.7 (5.81) | 75.0 (8.11) | 76.1 (5.26) | 0.003 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.720 | ||||
| Male | 196 (60.5) | 153 (61.7) | 28 (56.0) | 15 (57.7) | |
| Female | 128 (39.5) | 95 (38.3) | 22 (44.0) | 11 (42.3) | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.129 | ||||
| White | 238 (73.5) | 190 (76.6) | 33 (66.0) | 15 (57.7) | |
| Black | 66 (20.4) | 44 (17.7) | 13 (26.0) | 9 (34.6) | |
| Other | 20 (6.2) | 14 (5.7) | 4 (8.0) | 2 (7.7) | |
| Primary anaesthesia, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| General | 258 (79.6) | 207 (83.5) | 33 (66.0) | 18 (69.2) | |
| Spinal | 26 (8.0) | 23 (9.3) | 3 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Regional | 24 (7.4) | 11 (4.4) | 10 (20.0) | 3 (11.5) | |
| MAC | 16 (4.9) | 7 (2.8) | 4 (8.0) | 5 (19.2) | |
| Operative Stress Score n (%)b | 0.247 | ||||
| 1–2 | 123 (40.5) | 94 (40.3) | 17 (37.8) | 12 (46.2) | |
| 3 | 145 (47.7) | 107 (45.9) | 24 (53.3) | 14 (53.9) | |
| 4–5 | 36 (11.8) | 32 (13.7) | 4 (8.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| . | Total (n = 324) . | Not frail (n = 248) . | Mild frailty (n = 50) . | Moderate frailty (n = 26) . | P valuea . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 73.3 (6.27) | 72.7 (5.81) | 75.0 (8.11) | 76.1 (5.26) | 0.003 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.720 | ||||
| Male | 196 (60.5) | 153 (61.7) | 28 (56.0) | 15 (57.7) | |
| Female | 128 (39.5) | 95 (38.3) | 22 (44.0) | 11 (42.3) | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.129 | ||||
| White | 238 (73.5) | 190 (76.6) | 33 (66.0) | 15 (57.7) | |
| Black | 66 (20.4) | 44 (17.7) | 13 (26.0) | 9 (34.6) | |
| Other | 20 (6.2) | 14 (5.7) | 4 (8.0) | 2 (7.7) | |
| Primary anaesthesia, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| General | 258 (79.6) | 207 (83.5) | 33 (66.0) | 18 (69.2) | |
| Spinal | 26 (8.0) | 23 (9.3) | 3 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Regional | 24 (7.4) | 11 (4.4) | 10 (20.0) | 3 (11.5) | |
| MAC | 16 (4.9) | 7 (2.8) | 4 (8.0) | 5 (19.2) | |
| Operative Stress Score n (%)b | 0.247 | ||||
| 1–2 | 123 (40.5) | 94 (40.3) | 17 (37.8) | 12 (46.2) | |
| 3 | 145 (47.7) | 107 (45.9) | 24 (53.3) | 14 (53.9) | |
| 4–5 | 36 (11.8) | 32 (13.7) | 4 (8.9) | 0 (0.0) |
Bold indicates statistical significance
aP values based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and Chi square or Fisher exact tests for categorical variables
b20 individuals did not have operative severity scores recorded
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