| Variable . | No preoperative cerebral embolism (N = 3909) . | Preoperative cerebral embolism (N = 1008) . | SMD (95% CI) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPB time (min) | 116 (85–161) | 115 (81–161) | 0.01 (–0.06 to 0.09) | 0.19 |
| Cross clamp time (min) | 77 (55–108) | 76 (54–108) | –0.03 (–0.10 to 0.04) | 0.91 |
| Aortic valve surgery | ||||
| Repair | 20 (0.5) | 7 (0.7) | 0.02 (–0.05 to 0.09) | 0.45 |
| Biological valve | 1721 (44.0) | 504 (50.0) | 0.12 (0.05–0.19) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical valve | 895 (22.9) | 119 (11.8) | 0.30 (0.23–0.37) | <0.001 |
| Mitral valve surgery | ||||
| Repair | 214 (5.5) | 64 (6.3) | 0.04 (–0.03 to 0.11) | 0.29 |
| Biological valve | 902 (23.1) | 392 (38.9) | 0.35 (0.28–0.42) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical valve | 689 (17.6) | 123 (12.2) | 0.15 (0.08–0.22) | < 0.001 |
| Tricuspid valve surgery | ||||
| Repair | 206 (5.3) | 51 (5.1) | 0.01 (–0.06 to 0.08) | 0.76 |
| Biological valve | 176 (4.5) | 9 (0.9) | 0.22 (0.15–0.29) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical valve | 39 (1.0) | 5 (0.5) | 0.06 (–0.01 to 0.13) | 0.13 |
| Pulmonary valve replacement | 42 (1.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0.13 (0.06–0.20) | 0.003 |
| Combined valve interventiona | 3843 (98.3) | 997 (98.9) | –0.05 (–0.12 to 0.02) | 0.19 |
| Aortic surgery | 650 (16.6) | 168 (16.7) | 0.01 (–0.07 to 0.07) | 0.91 |
| CABG | 451 (11.5) | 164 (16.3) | 0.14 (0.07–0.21) | <0.001 |
| Variable . | No preoperative cerebral embolism (N = 3909) . | Preoperative cerebral embolism (N = 1008) . | SMD (95% CI) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPB time (min) | 116 (85–161) | 115 (81–161) | 0.01 (–0.06 to 0.09) | 0.19 |
| Cross clamp time (min) | 77 (55–108) | 76 (54–108) | –0.03 (–0.10 to 0.04) | 0.91 |
| Aortic valve surgery | ||||
| Repair | 20 (0.5) | 7 (0.7) | 0.02 (–0.05 to 0.09) | 0.45 |
| Biological valve | 1721 (44.0) | 504 (50.0) | 0.12 (0.05–0.19) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical valve | 895 (22.9) | 119 (11.8) | 0.30 (0.23–0.37) | <0.001 |
| Mitral valve surgery | ||||
| Repair | 214 (5.5) | 64 (6.3) | 0.04 (–0.03 to 0.11) | 0.29 |
| Biological valve | 902 (23.1) | 392 (38.9) | 0.35 (0.28–0.42) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical valve | 689 (17.6) | 123 (12.2) | 0.15 (0.08–0.22) | < 0.001 |
| Tricuspid valve surgery | ||||
| Repair | 206 (5.3) | 51 (5.1) | 0.01 (–0.06 to 0.08) | 0.76 |
| Biological valve | 176 (4.5) | 9 (0.9) | 0.22 (0.15–0.29) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical valve | 39 (1.0) | 5 (0.5) | 0.06 (–0.01 to 0.13) | 0.13 |
| Pulmonary valve replacement | 42 (1.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0.13 (0.06–0.20) | 0.003 |
| Combined valve interventiona | 3843 (98.3) | 997 (98.9) | –0.05 (–0.12 to 0.02) | 0.19 |
| Aortic surgery | 650 (16.6) | 168 (16.7) | 0.01 (–0.07 to 0.07) | 0.91 |
| CABG | 451 (11.5) | 164 (16.3) | 0.14 (0.07–0.21) | <0.001 |
Categorical variables are expressed as number (percentage); continuous variables are expressed as median (IQR).
Repair or replacement of more than 1 valve.
CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; CI: confidence interval; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; SMD: standardized mean difference.
| Variable . | No preoperative cerebral embolism (N = 3909) . | Preoperative cerebral embolism (N = 1008) . | SMD (95% CI) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPB time (min) | 116 (85–161) | 115 (81–161) | 0.01 (–0.06 to 0.09) | 0.19 |
| Cross clamp time (min) | 77 (55–108) | 76 (54–108) | –0.03 (–0.10 to 0.04) | 0.91 |
| Aortic valve surgery | ||||
| Repair | 20 (0.5) | 7 (0.7) | 0.02 (–0.05 to 0.09) | 0.45 |
| Biological valve | 1721 (44.0) | 504 (50.0) | 0.12 (0.05–0.19) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical valve | 895 (22.9) | 119 (11.8) | 0.30 (0.23–0.37) | <0.001 |
| Mitral valve surgery | ||||
| Repair | 214 (5.5) | 64 (6.3) | 0.04 (–0.03 to 0.11) | 0.29 |
| Biological valve | 902 (23.1) | 392 (38.9) | 0.35 (0.28–0.42) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical valve | 689 (17.6) | 123 (12.2) | 0.15 (0.08–0.22) | < 0.001 |
| Tricuspid valve surgery | ||||
| Repair | 206 (5.3) | 51 (5.1) | 0.01 (–0.06 to 0.08) | 0.76 |
| Biological valve | 176 (4.5) | 9 (0.9) | 0.22 (0.15–0.29) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical valve | 39 (1.0) | 5 (0.5) | 0.06 (–0.01 to 0.13) | 0.13 |
| Pulmonary valve replacement | 42 (1.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0.13 (0.06–0.20) | 0.003 |
| Combined valve interventiona | 3843 (98.3) | 997 (98.9) | –0.05 (–0.12 to 0.02) | 0.19 |
| Aortic surgery | 650 (16.6) | 168 (16.7) | 0.01 (–0.07 to 0.07) | 0.91 |
| CABG | 451 (11.5) | 164 (16.3) | 0.14 (0.07–0.21) | <0.001 |
| Variable . | No preoperative cerebral embolism (N = 3909) . | Preoperative cerebral embolism (N = 1008) . | SMD (95% CI) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPB time (min) | 116 (85–161) | 115 (81–161) | 0.01 (–0.06 to 0.09) | 0.19 |
| Cross clamp time (min) | 77 (55–108) | 76 (54–108) | –0.03 (–0.10 to 0.04) | 0.91 |
| Aortic valve surgery | ||||
| Repair | 20 (0.5) | 7 (0.7) | 0.02 (–0.05 to 0.09) | 0.45 |
| Biological valve | 1721 (44.0) | 504 (50.0) | 0.12 (0.05–0.19) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical valve | 895 (22.9) | 119 (11.8) | 0.30 (0.23–0.37) | <0.001 |
| Mitral valve surgery | ||||
| Repair | 214 (5.5) | 64 (6.3) | 0.04 (–0.03 to 0.11) | 0.29 |
| Biological valve | 902 (23.1) | 392 (38.9) | 0.35 (0.28–0.42) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical valve | 689 (17.6) | 123 (12.2) | 0.15 (0.08–0.22) | < 0.001 |
| Tricuspid valve surgery | ||||
| Repair | 206 (5.3) | 51 (5.1) | 0.01 (–0.06 to 0.08) | 0.76 |
| Biological valve | 176 (4.5) | 9 (0.9) | 0.22 (0.15–0.29) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical valve | 39 (1.0) | 5 (0.5) | 0.06 (–0.01 to 0.13) | 0.13 |
| Pulmonary valve replacement | 42 (1.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0.13 (0.06–0.20) | 0.003 |
| Combined valve interventiona | 3843 (98.3) | 997 (98.9) | –0.05 (–0.12 to 0.02) | 0.19 |
| Aortic surgery | 650 (16.6) | 168 (16.7) | 0.01 (–0.07 to 0.07) | 0.91 |
| CABG | 451 (11.5) | 164 (16.3) | 0.14 (0.07–0.21) | <0.001 |
Categorical variables are expressed as number (percentage); continuous variables are expressed as median (IQR).
Repair or replacement of more than 1 valve.
CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; CI: confidence interval; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; SMD: standardized mean difference.
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