Table 3
Open in new tab

Secondary MR analyses examining the causal association of genetically determined caffeine intake from tea or coffee with TB-BMD in five age-strata.

Beta estimatea (95% CI)P-valueMR-Egger intercept test (P-value)MR-PRESSO global test (P-value)
Exposure: Genetically determined caffeine intake from tea
Below 15 years
 IVW0.118 (−0.208 to 0.444)0.479
 Weighted median0.142 (−0.271 to 0.555)0.500
 Contamination mixture0.12 (−0.2 to 0.44)0.479
 MR-Egger0 (−0.72 to 0.72)1.0000.719
 MR-PRESSO0.118 (−0.096 to 0.332)0.2560.988
15–30 years
 IVW0.26 (−0.451 to 0.97)0.474
 Weighted median0.394 (−0.483 to 1.27)0.379
 Contamination mixture0.26 (−0.46 to 0.97)0.474
 MR-Egger0.976 (−0.674 to 2.626)0.2460.346
 MR-PRESSO0.26 (−0.114 to 0.633)0.1480.986
30–45 years
 IVW0.311 (−0.07 to 0.692)0.109
 Weighted median0.354 (−0.17 to 0.878)0.185
 Contamination mixture0.31 (−0.06 to 0.69)0.109
 MR-Egger0.438 (−0.428 to 1.304)0.3210.749
 MR-PRESSO0.311 (−0.001 to 0.623)0.0500.819
45–60 years
 IVW0.313 (0.06 to 0.566)0.015
 Weighted median0.415 (0.069 to 0.762)0.019
 Contamination mixture0.37 (0.08 to 0.65)0.017
 MR-Egger0.184 (−0.388 to 0.756)0.5280.622
 MR-PRESSO0.313 (0.072 to 0.554)0.0140.722
60 years or above
 IVW−0.028 (−0.273 to 0.217)0.824
 Weighted median−0.017 (−0.334 to 0.299)0.914
 Contamination mixture−0.03 (−0.27 to 0.21)0.824
 MR-Egger0.071 (−0.474 to 0.616)0.7980.69
 MR-PRESSO−0.028 (−0.189 to 0.133)0.7130.979
Exposure: Genetically determined caffeine intake from tea
Below 15 years
 IVW0.199 (−0.083 to 0.48)0.167
 Weighted median0.125 (−0.233 to 0.483)0.494
 Contamination mixture0.2 (−0.08 to 0.48)0.167
 MR-Egger0.114 (−0.454 to 0.682)0.6950.736
 MR-PRESSO0.199 (−0.053 to 0.45)0.1110.836
15–30 years
 IVW−0.157 (−0.691 to 0.376)0.563
 Weighted median−0.354 (−1.137 to 0.429)0.376
 Contamination mixture−0.16 (−1.1 to 0.79)0.563
 MR-Egger−0.116 (−1.187 to 0.955)0.8320.93
 MR-PRESSO−0.157 (−0.594 to 0.279)0.4450.693
30–45 years
 IVW0.221 (−0.106 to 0.548)0.186
 Weighted median0.229 (−0.223 to 0.681)0.321
 Contamination mixture0.22 (−0.1 to 0.54)0.186
 MR-Egger0.261 (−0.359 to 0.88)0.4090.881
 MR-PRESSO0.221 (−0.02 to 0.461)0.0690.902
45–60 years
 IVW0.24 (0.008 to 0.472)0.043
 Weighted median0.225 (−0.073 to 0.523)0.139
 Contamination mixture0.24 (0.01 to 0.47)0.043
 MR-Egger0.173 (−0.271 to 0.617)0.4440.731
 MR-PRESSO0.24 (0.029 to 0.45)0.0290.813
60 years or above
 IVW0.008 (−0.199 to 0.216)0.936
 Weighted median−0.015 (−0.288 to 0.257)0.911
 Contamination mixture0.01 (−0.2 to 0.21)0.937
 MR-Egger−0.137 (−0.533 to 0.258)0.4960.396
 MR-PRESSO0.008 (−0.194 to 0.211)0.9300.718
Beta estimatea (95% CI)P-valueMR-Egger intercept test (P-value)MR-PRESSO global test (P-value)
Exposure: Genetically determined caffeine intake from tea
Below 15 years
 IVW0.118 (−0.208 to 0.444)0.479
 Weighted median0.142 (−0.271 to 0.555)0.500
 Contamination mixture0.12 (−0.2 to 0.44)0.479
 MR-Egger0 (−0.72 to 0.72)1.0000.719
 MR-PRESSO0.118 (−0.096 to 0.332)0.2560.988
15–30 years
 IVW0.26 (−0.451 to 0.97)0.474
 Weighted median0.394 (−0.483 to 1.27)0.379
 Contamination mixture0.26 (−0.46 to 0.97)0.474
 MR-Egger0.976 (−0.674 to 2.626)0.2460.346
 MR-PRESSO0.26 (−0.114 to 0.633)0.1480.986
30–45 years
 IVW0.311 (−0.07 to 0.692)0.109
 Weighted median0.354 (−0.17 to 0.878)0.185
 Contamination mixture0.31 (−0.06 to 0.69)0.109
 MR-Egger0.438 (−0.428 to 1.304)0.3210.749
 MR-PRESSO0.311 (−0.001 to 0.623)0.0500.819
45–60 years
 IVW0.313 (0.06 to 0.566)0.015
 Weighted median0.415 (0.069 to 0.762)0.019
 Contamination mixture0.37 (0.08 to 0.65)0.017
 MR-Egger0.184 (−0.388 to 0.756)0.5280.622
 MR-PRESSO0.313 (0.072 to 0.554)0.0140.722
60 years or above
 IVW−0.028 (−0.273 to 0.217)0.824
 Weighted median−0.017 (−0.334 to 0.299)0.914
 Contamination mixture−0.03 (−0.27 to 0.21)0.824
 MR-Egger0.071 (−0.474 to 0.616)0.7980.69
 MR-PRESSO−0.028 (−0.189 to 0.133)0.7130.979
Exposure: Genetically determined caffeine intake from tea
Below 15 years
 IVW0.199 (−0.083 to 0.48)0.167
 Weighted median0.125 (−0.233 to 0.483)0.494
 Contamination mixture0.2 (−0.08 to 0.48)0.167
 MR-Egger0.114 (−0.454 to 0.682)0.6950.736
 MR-PRESSO0.199 (−0.053 to 0.45)0.1110.836
15–30 years
 IVW−0.157 (−0.691 to 0.376)0.563
 Weighted median−0.354 (−1.137 to 0.429)0.376
 Contamination mixture−0.16 (−1.1 to 0.79)0.563
 MR-Egger−0.116 (−1.187 to 0.955)0.8320.93
 MR-PRESSO−0.157 (−0.594 to 0.279)0.4450.693
30–45 years
 IVW0.221 (−0.106 to 0.548)0.186
 Weighted median0.229 (−0.223 to 0.681)0.321
 Contamination mixture0.22 (−0.1 to 0.54)0.186
 MR-Egger0.261 (−0.359 to 0.88)0.4090.881
 MR-PRESSO0.221 (−0.02 to 0.461)0.0690.902
45–60 years
 IVW0.24 (0.008 to 0.472)0.043
 Weighted median0.225 (−0.073 to 0.523)0.139
 Contamination mixture0.24 (0.01 to 0.47)0.043
 MR-Egger0.173 (−0.271 to 0.617)0.4440.731
 MR-PRESSO0.24 (0.029 to 0.45)0.0290.813
60 years or above
 IVW0.008 (−0.199 to 0.216)0.936
 Weighted median−0.015 (−0.288 to 0.257)0.911
 Contamination mixture0.01 (−0.2 to 0.21)0.937
 MR-Egger−0.137 (−0.533 to 0.258)0.4960.396
 MR-PRESSO0.008 (−0.194 to 0.211)0.9300.718
a

Beta estimate is presented as SD change in TB-BMD per SD increase in genetically determined caffeine intake from tea or coffee.

Table 3
Open in new tab

Secondary MR analyses examining the causal association of genetically determined caffeine intake from tea or coffee with TB-BMD in five age-strata.

Beta estimatea (95% CI)P-valueMR-Egger intercept test (P-value)MR-PRESSO global test (P-value)
Exposure: Genetically determined caffeine intake from tea
Below 15 years
 IVW0.118 (−0.208 to 0.444)0.479
 Weighted median0.142 (−0.271 to 0.555)0.500
 Contamination mixture0.12 (−0.2 to 0.44)0.479
 MR-Egger0 (−0.72 to 0.72)1.0000.719
 MR-PRESSO0.118 (−0.096 to 0.332)0.2560.988
15–30 years
 IVW0.26 (−0.451 to 0.97)0.474
 Weighted median0.394 (−0.483 to 1.27)0.379
 Contamination mixture0.26 (−0.46 to 0.97)0.474
 MR-Egger0.976 (−0.674 to 2.626)0.2460.346
 MR-PRESSO0.26 (−0.114 to 0.633)0.1480.986
30–45 years
 IVW0.311 (−0.07 to 0.692)0.109
 Weighted median0.354 (−0.17 to 0.878)0.185
 Contamination mixture0.31 (−0.06 to 0.69)0.109
 MR-Egger0.438 (−0.428 to 1.304)0.3210.749
 MR-PRESSO0.311 (−0.001 to 0.623)0.0500.819
45–60 years
 IVW0.313 (0.06 to 0.566)0.015
 Weighted median0.415 (0.069 to 0.762)0.019
 Contamination mixture0.37 (0.08 to 0.65)0.017
 MR-Egger0.184 (−0.388 to 0.756)0.5280.622
 MR-PRESSO0.313 (0.072 to 0.554)0.0140.722
60 years or above
 IVW−0.028 (−0.273 to 0.217)0.824
 Weighted median−0.017 (−0.334 to 0.299)0.914
 Contamination mixture−0.03 (−0.27 to 0.21)0.824
 MR-Egger0.071 (−0.474 to 0.616)0.7980.69
 MR-PRESSO−0.028 (−0.189 to 0.133)0.7130.979
Exposure: Genetically determined caffeine intake from tea
Below 15 years
 IVW0.199 (−0.083 to 0.48)0.167
 Weighted median0.125 (−0.233 to 0.483)0.494
 Contamination mixture0.2 (−0.08 to 0.48)0.167
 MR-Egger0.114 (−0.454 to 0.682)0.6950.736
 MR-PRESSO0.199 (−0.053 to 0.45)0.1110.836
15–30 years
 IVW−0.157 (−0.691 to 0.376)0.563
 Weighted median−0.354 (−1.137 to 0.429)0.376
 Contamination mixture−0.16 (−1.1 to 0.79)0.563
 MR-Egger−0.116 (−1.187 to 0.955)0.8320.93
 MR-PRESSO−0.157 (−0.594 to 0.279)0.4450.693
30–45 years
 IVW0.221 (−0.106 to 0.548)0.186
 Weighted median0.229 (−0.223 to 0.681)0.321
 Contamination mixture0.22 (−0.1 to 0.54)0.186
 MR-Egger0.261 (−0.359 to 0.88)0.4090.881
 MR-PRESSO0.221 (−0.02 to 0.461)0.0690.902
45–60 years
 IVW0.24 (0.008 to 0.472)0.043
 Weighted median0.225 (−0.073 to 0.523)0.139
 Contamination mixture0.24 (0.01 to 0.47)0.043
 MR-Egger0.173 (−0.271 to 0.617)0.4440.731
 MR-PRESSO0.24 (0.029 to 0.45)0.0290.813
60 years or above
 IVW0.008 (−0.199 to 0.216)0.936
 Weighted median−0.015 (−0.288 to 0.257)0.911
 Contamination mixture0.01 (−0.2 to 0.21)0.937
 MR-Egger−0.137 (−0.533 to 0.258)0.4960.396
 MR-PRESSO0.008 (−0.194 to 0.211)0.9300.718
Beta estimatea (95% CI)P-valueMR-Egger intercept test (P-value)MR-PRESSO global test (P-value)
Exposure: Genetically determined caffeine intake from tea
Below 15 years
 IVW0.118 (−0.208 to 0.444)0.479
 Weighted median0.142 (−0.271 to 0.555)0.500
 Contamination mixture0.12 (−0.2 to 0.44)0.479
 MR-Egger0 (−0.72 to 0.72)1.0000.719
 MR-PRESSO0.118 (−0.096 to 0.332)0.2560.988
15–30 years
 IVW0.26 (−0.451 to 0.97)0.474
 Weighted median0.394 (−0.483 to 1.27)0.379
 Contamination mixture0.26 (−0.46 to 0.97)0.474
 MR-Egger0.976 (−0.674 to 2.626)0.2460.346
 MR-PRESSO0.26 (−0.114 to 0.633)0.1480.986
30–45 years
 IVW0.311 (−0.07 to 0.692)0.109
 Weighted median0.354 (−0.17 to 0.878)0.185
 Contamination mixture0.31 (−0.06 to 0.69)0.109
 MR-Egger0.438 (−0.428 to 1.304)0.3210.749
 MR-PRESSO0.311 (−0.001 to 0.623)0.0500.819
45–60 years
 IVW0.313 (0.06 to 0.566)0.015
 Weighted median0.415 (0.069 to 0.762)0.019
 Contamination mixture0.37 (0.08 to 0.65)0.017
 MR-Egger0.184 (−0.388 to 0.756)0.5280.622
 MR-PRESSO0.313 (0.072 to 0.554)0.0140.722
60 years or above
 IVW−0.028 (−0.273 to 0.217)0.824
 Weighted median−0.017 (−0.334 to 0.299)0.914
 Contamination mixture−0.03 (−0.27 to 0.21)0.824
 MR-Egger0.071 (−0.474 to 0.616)0.7980.69
 MR-PRESSO−0.028 (−0.189 to 0.133)0.7130.979
Exposure: Genetically determined caffeine intake from tea
Below 15 years
 IVW0.199 (−0.083 to 0.48)0.167
 Weighted median0.125 (−0.233 to 0.483)0.494
 Contamination mixture0.2 (−0.08 to 0.48)0.167
 MR-Egger0.114 (−0.454 to 0.682)0.6950.736
 MR-PRESSO0.199 (−0.053 to 0.45)0.1110.836
15–30 years
 IVW−0.157 (−0.691 to 0.376)0.563
 Weighted median−0.354 (−1.137 to 0.429)0.376
 Contamination mixture−0.16 (−1.1 to 0.79)0.563
 MR-Egger−0.116 (−1.187 to 0.955)0.8320.93
 MR-PRESSO−0.157 (−0.594 to 0.279)0.4450.693
30–45 years
 IVW0.221 (−0.106 to 0.548)0.186
 Weighted median0.229 (−0.223 to 0.681)0.321
 Contamination mixture0.22 (−0.1 to 0.54)0.186
 MR-Egger0.261 (−0.359 to 0.88)0.4090.881
 MR-PRESSO0.221 (−0.02 to 0.461)0.0690.902
45–60 years
 IVW0.24 (0.008 to 0.472)0.043
 Weighted median0.225 (−0.073 to 0.523)0.139
 Contamination mixture0.24 (0.01 to 0.47)0.043
 MR-Egger0.173 (−0.271 to 0.617)0.4440.731
 MR-PRESSO0.24 (0.029 to 0.45)0.0290.813
60 years or above
 IVW0.008 (−0.199 to 0.216)0.936
 Weighted median−0.015 (−0.288 to 0.257)0.911
 Contamination mixture0.01 (−0.2 to 0.21)0.937
 MR-Egger−0.137 (−0.533 to 0.258)0.4960.396
 MR-PRESSO0.008 (−0.194 to 0.211)0.9300.718
a

Beta estimate is presented as SD change in TB-BMD per SD increase in genetically determined caffeine intake from tea or coffee.

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