Baseline characteristics of the study population categorized by clinical groups
| . | All patients (n = 63) . | Group 1 (n = 10) . | Group 2 (n = 17) . | Group 3 (n = 36) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 78 [72, 81] | 74 [70, 79] | 78 [71, 83] | 78 [73, 80] | 0.459 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 59 (94) | 8 (89) | 16 (94) | 35 (95) | 0.874 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23 [21, 24] | 23 [22, 25] | 23 [21, 24] | 23 [21, 25] | 0.754 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 43 (68) | 9 (90) | 9 (53) | 25 (69) | 0.132 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 14 (22) | 1 (11) | 5 (29) | 8 (22) | 0.503 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 20 (32) | 5 (56) | 6 (35) | 9 (24) | 0.302 |
| Coronary interventions, n (%) | 12 (19) | 0 (0) | 5 (29) | 7 (19) | 0.170 |
| Severe aortic valve stenosis, n (%) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 1 (3) | 0.687 |
| AF/flutter, n (%) | 25 (40) | 1 (11) | 9 (53) | 15 (41) | 0.083 |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome, n (%) | 32 (51) | 6 (60) | 8 (47) | 18 (50) | 0.801 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 122 ± 18 | 133 ± 13 | 119 ± 18 | 120 ± 18 | 0.086 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71 ± 13 | 82 ± 8 | 70 ± 17 | 69 ± 11* | 0.025 |
| Pulse rate (b.p.m.) | 72 ± 13 | 77 ± 16 | 73 ± 10 | 70 ± 14 | 0.340 |
| Biopsy sites | 0.212 | ||||
| Heart | 61 | 9 | 16 | 36 | |
| Synovium | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| 99mTc-PYP (grade≧2), n (%) | 60/60 (100) | 8/8 (100) | 17/17 (100) | 35/35 (100) | 0.629 |
| ATTR type | 0.134 | ||||
| Wild, n (%) | 55 (87) | 9 (90) | 17 (100) | 29 (80) | |
| Variant, n (%) | 2 (3) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | |
| Not tested, n (%) | 6 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (17) | |
| Biomarkers | |||||
| BNP (pg/mL) | 203 [103, 295] | 75 [36, 109] | 203 [111, 295]** | 252 [153, 338]** | <0.001 |
| Troponin T (ng/mL) | 0.05 [0.03, 0.07] | 0.03 [0.02, 0.04] | 0.05 [0.03, 0.06] | 0.06 [0.04, 0.08]** (n = 35) | 0.008 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 53 ± 15 | 64 ± 13 | 52 ± 16 | 50 ± 14* | 0.036 |
| Medications | |||||
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 43 (68) | 0 (0) | 13 (76) | 30 (81) | <0.001 |
| ACEi/ARBs, n (%) | 35 (56) | 7 (70) | 7 (41) | 21 (58) | 0.304 |
| MRAs, n (%) | 33 (52) | 1 (10) | 10 (59) | 22 (61) | 0.014 |
| Beta blockers, n (%) | 25 (40) | 0 (0) | 8 (47) | 17 (46) | 0.020 |
| ARNI, n (%) | 5 (8) | 0 (0) | 2 (12) | 3 (8) | 0.546 |
| SGLT2i, n (%) | 23 (37) | 0 (0) | 7 (41) | 16 (43) | 0.032 |
| sGC stimulator, n (%) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 1 (3) | 0.687 |
| PPM, n (%) | 1 (2) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.068 |
| CRT-D, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0.683 |
| . | All patients (n = 63) . | Group 1 (n = 10) . | Group 2 (n = 17) . | Group 3 (n = 36) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 78 [72, 81] | 74 [70, 79] | 78 [71, 83] | 78 [73, 80] | 0.459 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 59 (94) | 8 (89) | 16 (94) | 35 (95) | 0.874 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23 [21, 24] | 23 [22, 25] | 23 [21, 24] | 23 [21, 25] | 0.754 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 43 (68) | 9 (90) | 9 (53) | 25 (69) | 0.132 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 14 (22) | 1 (11) | 5 (29) | 8 (22) | 0.503 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 20 (32) | 5 (56) | 6 (35) | 9 (24) | 0.302 |
| Coronary interventions, n (%) | 12 (19) | 0 (0) | 5 (29) | 7 (19) | 0.170 |
| Severe aortic valve stenosis, n (%) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 1 (3) | 0.687 |
| AF/flutter, n (%) | 25 (40) | 1 (11) | 9 (53) | 15 (41) | 0.083 |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome, n (%) | 32 (51) | 6 (60) | 8 (47) | 18 (50) | 0.801 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 122 ± 18 | 133 ± 13 | 119 ± 18 | 120 ± 18 | 0.086 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71 ± 13 | 82 ± 8 | 70 ± 17 | 69 ± 11* | 0.025 |
| Pulse rate (b.p.m.) | 72 ± 13 | 77 ± 16 | 73 ± 10 | 70 ± 14 | 0.340 |
| Biopsy sites | 0.212 | ||||
| Heart | 61 | 9 | 16 | 36 | |
| Synovium | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| 99mTc-PYP (grade≧2), n (%) | 60/60 (100) | 8/8 (100) | 17/17 (100) | 35/35 (100) | 0.629 |
| ATTR type | 0.134 | ||||
| Wild, n (%) | 55 (87) | 9 (90) | 17 (100) | 29 (80) | |
| Variant, n (%) | 2 (3) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | |
| Not tested, n (%) | 6 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (17) | |
| Biomarkers | |||||
| BNP (pg/mL) | 203 [103, 295] | 75 [36, 109] | 203 [111, 295]** | 252 [153, 338]** | <0.001 |
| Troponin T (ng/mL) | 0.05 [0.03, 0.07] | 0.03 [0.02, 0.04] | 0.05 [0.03, 0.06] | 0.06 [0.04, 0.08]** (n = 35) | 0.008 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 53 ± 15 | 64 ± 13 | 52 ± 16 | 50 ± 14* | 0.036 |
| Medications | |||||
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 43 (68) | 0 (0) | 13 (76) | 30 (81) | <0.001 |
| ACEi/ARBs, n (%) | 35 (56) | 7 (70) | 7 (41) | 21 (58) | 0.304 |
| MRAs, n (%) | 33 (52) | 1 (10) | 10 (59) | 22 (61) | 0.014 |
| Beta blockers, n (%) | 25 (40) | 0 (0) | 8 (47) | 17 (46) | 0.020 |
| ARNI, n (%) | 5 (8) | 0 (0) | 2 (12) | 3 (8) | 0.546 |
| SGLT2i, n (%) | 23 (37) | 0 (0) | 7 (41) | 16 (43) | 0.032 |
| sGC stimulator, n (%) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 1 (3) | 0.687 |
| PPM, n (%) | 1 (2) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.068 |
| CRT-D, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0.683 |
Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median [25%, 75% quantile], and categorical variables were expressed as absolute numbers (percentage). One-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis was performed for multiple comparisons, and Tukey adjustment was applied after the overall three groups. Categorical variables in three groups were assessed with the Pearson’s χ2 test.
AF, atrial fibrillation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; 99mTc-PYP, 99mTc-phyrophosphate; ATTR, transthyretin; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker; MRA, mineral corticoid receptor antagonist; ARNI, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor; sGC, sodium guanylate cyclase; PPM, permanent pacemaker; CRT-D, cardiac resynchronisation therapy-defibrillation.
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. Group 1; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs. Group 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study population categorized by clinical groups
| . | All patients (n = 63) . | Group 1 (n = 10) . | Group 2 (n = 17) . | Group 3 (n = 36) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 78 [72, 81] | 74 [70, 79] | 78 [71, 83] | 78 [73, 80] | 0.459 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 59 (94) | 8 (89) | 16 (94) | 35 (95) | 0.874 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23 [21, 24] | 23 [22, 25] | 23 [21, 24] | 23 [21, 25] | 0.754 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 43 (68) | 9 (90) | 9 (53) | 25 (69) | 0.132 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 14 (22) | 1 (11) | 5 (29) | 8 (22) | 0.503 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 20 (32) | 5 (56) | 6 (35) | 9 (24) | 0.302 |
| Coronary interventions, n (%) | 12 (19) | 0 (0) | 5 (29) | 7 (19) | 0.170 |
| Severe aortic valve stenosis, n (%) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 1 (3) | 0.687 |
| AF/flutter, n (%) | 25 (40) | 1 (11) | 9 (53) | 15 (41) | 0.083 |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome, n (%) | 32 (51) | 6 (60) | 8 (47) | 18 (50) | 0.801 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 122 ± 18 | 133 ± 13 | 119 ± 18 | 120 ± 18 | 0.086 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71 ± 13 | 82 ± 8 | 70 ± 17 | 69 ± 11* | 0.025 |
| Pulse rate (b.p.m.) | 72 ± 13 | 77 ± 16 | 73 ± 10 | 70 ± 14 | 0.340 |
| Biopsy sites | 0.212 | ||||
| Heart | 61 | 9 | 16 | 36 | |
| Synovium | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| 99mTc-PYP (grade≧2), n (%) | 60/60 (100) | 8/8 (100) | 17/17 (100) | 35/35 (100) | 0.629 |
| ATTR type | 0.134 | ||||
| Wild, n (%) | 55 (87) | 9 (90) | 17 (100) | 29 (80) | |
| Variant, n (%) | 2 (3) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | |
| Not tested, n (%) | 6 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (17) | |
| Biomarkers | |||||
| BNP (pg/mL) | 203 [103, 295] | 75 [36, 109] | 203 [111, 295]** | 252 [153, 338]** | <0.001 |
| Troponin T (ng/mL) | 0.05 [0.03, 0.07] | 0.03 [0.02, 0.04] | 0.05 [0.03, 0.06] | 0.06 [0.04, 0.08]** (n = 35) | 0.008 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 53 ± 15 | 64 ± 13 | 52 ± 16 | 50 ± 14* | 0.036 |
| Medications | |||||
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 43 (68) | 0 (0) | 13 (76) | 30 (81) | <0.001 |
| ACEi/ARBs, n (%) | 35 (56) | 7 (70) | 7 (41) | 21 (58) | 0.304 |
| MRAs, n (%) | 33 (52) | 1 (10) | 10 (59) | 22 (61) | 0.014 |
| Beta blockers, n (%) | 25 (40) | 0 (0) | 8 (47) | 17 (46) | 0.020 |
| ARNI, n (%) | 5 (8) | 0 (0) | 2 (12) | 3 (8) | 0.546 |
| SGLT2i, n (%) | 23 (37) | 0 (0) | 7 (41) | 16 (43) | 0.032 |
| sGC stimulator, n (%) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 1 (3) | 0.687 |
| PPM, n (%) | 1 (2) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.068 |
| CRT-D, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0.683 |
| . | All patients (n = 63) . | Group 1 (n = 10) . | Group 2 (n = 17) . | Group 3 (n = 36) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 78 [72, 81] | 74 [70, 79] | 78 [71, 83] | 78 [73, 80] | 0.459 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 59 (94) | 8 (89) | 16 (94) | 35 (95) | 0.874 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23 [21, 24] | 23 [22, 25] | 23 [21, 24] | 23 [21, 25] | 0.754 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 43 (68) | 9 (90) | 9 (53) | 25 (69) | 0.132 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 14 (22) | 1 (11) | 5 (29) | 8 (22) | 0.503 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 20 (32) | 5 (56) | 6 (35) | 9 (24) | 0.302 |
| Coronary interventions, n (%) | 12 (19) | 0 (0) | 5 (29) | 7 (19) | 0.170 |
| Severe aortic valve stenosis, n (%) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 1 (3) | 0.687 |
| AF/flutter, n (%) | 25 (40) | 1 (11) | 9 (53) | 15 (41) | 0.083 |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome, n (%) | 32 (51) | 6 (60) | 8 (47) | 18 (50) | 0.801 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 122 ± 18 | 133 ± 13 | 119 ± 18 | 120 ± 18 | 0.086 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71 ± 13 | 82 ± 8 | 70 ± 17 | 69 ± 11* | 0.025 |
| Pulse rate (b.p.m.) | 72 ± 13 | 77 ± 16 | 73 ± 10 | 70 ± 14 | 0.340 |
| Biopsy sites | 0.212 | ||||
| Heart | 61 | 9 | 16 | 36 | |
| Synovium | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| 99mTc-PYP (grade≧2), n (%) | 60/60 (100) | 8/8 (100) | 17/17 (100) | 35/35 (100) | 0.629 |
| ATTR type | 0.134 | ||||
| Wild, n (%) | 55 (87) | 9 (90) | 17 (100) | 29 (80) | |
| Variant, n (%) | 2 (3) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | |
| Not tested, n (%) | 6 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (17) | |
| Biomarkers | |||||
| BNP (pg/mL) | 203 [103, 295] | 75 [36, 109] | 203 [111, 295]** | 252 [153, 338]** | <0.001 |
| Troponin T (ng/mL) | 0.05 [0.03, 0.07] | 0.03 [0.02, 0.04] | 0.05 [0.03, 0.06] | 0.06 [0.04, 0.08]** (n = 35) | 0.008 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 53 ± 15 | 64 ± 13 | 52 ± 16 | 50 ± 14* | 0.036 |
| Medications | |||||
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 43 (68) | 0 (0) | 13 (76) | 30 (81) | <0.001 |
| ACEi/ARBs, n (%) | 35 (56) | 7 (70) | 7 (41) | 21 (58) | 0.304 |
| MRAs, n (%) | 33 (52) | 1 (10) | 10 (59) | 22 (61) | 0.014 |
| Beta blockers, n (%) | 25 (40) | 0 (0) | 8 (47) | 17 (46) | 0.020 |
| ARNI, n (%) | 5 (8) | 0 (0) | 2 (12) | 3 (8) | 0.546 |
| SGLT2i, n (%) | 23 (37) | 0 (0) | 7 (41) | 16 (43) | 0.032 |
| sGC stimulator, n (%) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 1 (3) | 0.687 |
| PPM, n (%) | 1 (2) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.068 |
| CRT-D, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0.683 |
Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median [25%, 75% quantile], and categorical variables were expressed as absolute numbers (percentage). One-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis was performed for multiple comparisons, and Tukey adjustment was applied after the overall three groups. Categorical variables in three groups were assessed with the Pearson’s χ2 test.
AF, atrial fibrillation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; 99mTc-PYP, 99mTc-phyrophosphate; ATTR, transthyretin; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker; MRA, mineral corticoid receptor antagonist; ARNI, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor; sGC, sodium guanylate cyclase; PPM, permanent pacemaker; CRT-D, cardiac resynchronisation therapy-defibrillation.
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. Group 1; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs. Group 2.
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