| . | PPIs-non users . | PPIs-users . |
|---|---|---|
| 424 | 410 | |
| Characteristics | ||
| Baseline demographics | ||
| Age, median (IQR) | 83 (76–90) | 83 (76–89) |
| Female sex, N (%) | 208 (49.1) | 186 (45.4) |
| Charlson's comorbidity index, N (%) | ||
| 0–1 | 151 (35.6) | 170 (41.5) |
| 2–3 | 136 (32.1) | 126 (30.7) |
| >4 | 137 (32.3) | 114 (27.8) |
| Co-morbidities, N (%) | ||
| Hypertension | 318 (75.0) | 286 (69.8) |
| Obesity | 63 (14.9) | 70 (17.1) |
| Asthma | 17 (4.0) | 15 (3.7) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 85 (20.1) | 76 (18.5) |
| Coronary artery disease | 64 (15.1) | 48 (11.7) |
| Congestive heart failure | 168 (38.6) | 140 (34.1) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 67 (15.8) | 54 (13.2) |
| Dementia | 71 (16.7) | 60 (14.6) |
| Auto-immune disease | 24 (5.7) | 30 (7.3) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 67 (15.8) | 51 (12.4) |
| Complicated diabetes mellitius | 69 (16.3) | 59 (14.4) |
| Moderate or severe kidney failure | 65 (15.3) | 59 (14.4) |
| Liver disease | 5 (1.2) | 7 (1.7) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 13 (3.1) | 9 (2.2) |
| Cancer without metastasis | 44 (10.4) | 33 (8.0) |
| Metastatic cancer | 16 (3.8) | 17 (4.1) |
| Hemopathy | 17 (4.0) | 21 (5.1) |
| Laboratory findings at admission, median (IQR)a | ||
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 55.25 (19.9–109.5) | 61.80 (22.9–120.4) |
| Albumin (g/L) | 32 (28.7–35.5) | 32.1 (29.2–34.3) |
| Count of Lymphocytes (x10^9 cells/L) | 0.94 (0.7–1.4) | 0.90 (0.6–1.3) |
| Lactate deshydrogenase (IU/L) | 315.00 (257–403) | 340.00 (255–457) |
| D dimer (μg/L) | 1,175 (698–2088) | 1,322 (717–2,518) |
| CT value at admission, N (%) | ||
| CT < 24 | 201 (47.4) | 188 (45.9) |
| 24 ≤ CT ≤ 34 | 170 (40.1) | 169 (41.2) |
| CT > 34 | 53 (12.5) | 53 (12.9) |
| Medications at admission, N (%) | ||
| Blood pressure-lowering drugs | 322 (75.9) | 290 (70.3) |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 149 (35.1) | 126 (30.7) |
| VKA drugs | 35 (8.3) | 34 (8.3) |
| DOACs drugs | 71 (16.7) | 71 (17.3) |
| . | PPIs-non users . | PPIs-users . |
|---|---|---|
| 424 | 410 | |
| Characteristics | ||
| Baseline demographics | ||
| Age, median (IQR) | 83 (76–90) | 83 (76–89) |
| Female sex, N (%) | 208 (49.1) | 186 (45.4) |
| Charlson's comorbidity index, N (%) | ||
| 0–1 | 151 (35.6) | 170 (41.5) |
| 2–3 | 136 (32.1) | 126 (30.7) |
| >4 | 137 (32.3) | 114 (27.8) |
| Co-morbidities, N (%) | ||
| Hypertension | 318 (75.0) | 286 (69.8) |
| Obesity | 63 (14.9) | 70 (17.1) |
| Asthma | 17 (4.0) | 15 (3.7) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 85 (20.1) | 76 (18.5) |
| Coronary artery disease | 64 (15.1) | 48 (11.7) |
| Congestive heart failure | 168 (38.6) | 140 (34.1) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 67 (15.8) | 54 (13.2) |
| Dementia | 71 (16.7) | 60 (14.6) |
| Auto-immune disease | 24 (5.7) | 30 (7.3) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 67 (15.8) | 51 (12.4) |
| Complicated diabetes mellitius | 69 (16.3) | 59 (14.4) |
| Moderate or severe kidney failure | 65 (15.3) | 59 (14.4) |
| Liver disease | 5 (1.2) | 7 (1.7) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 13 (3.1) | 9 (2.2) |
| Cancer without metastasis | 44 (10.4) | 33 (8.0) |
| Metastatic cancer | 16 (3.8) | 17 (4.1) |
| Hemopathy | 17 (4.0) | 21 (5.1) |
| Laboratory findings at admission, median (IQR)a | ||
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 55.25 (19.9–109.5) | 61.80 (22.9–120.4) |
| Albumin (g/L) | 32 (28.7–35.5) | 32.1 (29.2–34.3) |
| Count of Lymphocytes (x10^9 cells/L) | 0.94 (0.7–1.4) | 0.90 (0.6–1.3) |
| Lactate deshydrogenase (IU/L) | 315.00 (257–403) | 340.00 (255–457) |
| D dimer (μg/L) | 1,175 (698–2088) | 1,322 (717–2,518) |
| CT value at admission, N (%) | ||
| CT < 24 | 201 (47.4) | 188 (45.9) |
| 24 ≤ CT ≤ 34 | 170 (40.1) | 169 (41.2) |
| CT > 34 | 53 (12.5) | 53 (12.9) |
| Medications at admission, N (%) | ||
| Blood pressure-lowering drugs | 322 (75.9) | 290 (70.3) |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 149 (35.1) | 126 (30.7) |
| VKA drugs | 35 (8.3) | 34 (8.3) |
| DOACs drugs | 71 (16.7) | 71 (17.3) |
aData were not available for all laboratory findings, missing data are detailed in Appendix S6.
PPIs: proton pump inhibitors, CT: cycle threshold, VKA: vitamin K antagonist, DOAC: direct-acting oral anticoagulants.
| . | PPIs-non users . | PPIs-users . |
|---|---|---|
| 424 | 410 | |
| Characteristics | ||
| Baseline demographics | ||
| Age, median (IQR) | 83 (76–90) | 83 (76–89) |
| Female sex, N (%) | 208 (49.1) | 186 (45.4) |
| Charlson's comorbidity index, N (%) | ||
| 0–1 | 151 (35.6) | 170 (41.5) |
| 2–3 | 136 (32.1) | 126 (30.7) |
| >4 | 137 (32.3) | 114 (27.8) |
| Co-morbidities, N (%) | ||
| Hypertension | 318 (75.0) | 286 (69.8) |
| Obesity | 63 (14.9) | 70 (17.1) |
| Asthma | 17 (4.0) | 15 (3.7) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 85 (20.1) | 76 (18.5) |
| Coronary artery disease | 64 (15.1) | 48 (11.7) |
| Congestive heart failure | 168 (38.6) | 140 (34.1) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 67 (15.8) | 54 (13.2) |
| Dementia | 71 (16.7) | 60 (14.6) |
| Auto-immune disease | 24 (5.7) | 30 (7.3) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 67 (15.8) | 51 (12.4) |
| Complicated diabetes mellitius | 69 (16.3) | 59 (14.4) |
| Moderate or severe kidney failure | 65 (15.3) | 59 (14.4) |
| Liver disease | 5 (1.2) | 7 (1.7) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 13 (3.1) | 9 (2.2) |
| Cancer without metastasis | 44 (10.4) | 33 (8.0) |
| Metastatic cancer | 16 (3.8) | 17 (4.1) |
| Hemopathy | 17 (4.0) | 21 (5.1) |
| Laboratory findings at admission, median (IQR)a | ||
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 55.25 (19.9–109.5) | 61.80 (22.9–120.4) |
| Albumin (g/L) | 32 (28.7–35.5) | 32.1 (29.2–34.3) |
| Count of Lymphocytes (x10^9 cells/L) | 0.94 (0.7–1.4) | 0.90 (0.6–1.3) |
| Lactate deshydrogenase (IU/L) | 315.00 (257–403) | 340.00 (255–457) |
| D dimer (μg/L) | 1,175 (698–2088) | 1,322 (717–2,518) |
| CT value at admission, N (%) | ||
| CT < 24 | 201 (47.4) | 188 (45.9) |
| 24 ≤ CT ≤ 34 | 170 (40.1) | 169 (41.2) |
| CT > 34 | 53 (12.5) | 53 (12.9) |
| Medications at admission, N (%) | ||
| Blood pressure-lowering drugs | 322 (75.9) | 290 (70.3) |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 149 (35.1) | 126 (30.7) |
| VKA drugs | 35 (8.3) | 34 (8.3) |
| DOACs drugs | 71 (16.7) | 71 (17.3) |
| . | PPIs-non users . | PPIs-users . |
|---|---|---|
| 424 | 410 | |
| Characteristics | ||
| Baseline demographics | ||
| Age, median (IQR) | 83 (76–90) | 83 (76–89) |
| Female sex, N (%) | 208 (49.1) | 186 (45.4) |
| Charlson's comorbidity index, N (%) | ||
| 0–1 | 151 (35.6) | 170 (41.5) |
| 2–3 | 136 (32.1) | 126 (30.7) |
| >4 | 137 (32.3) | 114 (27.8) |
| Co-morbidities, N (%) | ||
| Hypertension | 318 (75.0) | 286 (69.8) |
| Obesity | 63 (14.9) | 70 (17.1) |
| Asthma | 17 (4.0) | 15 (3.7) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 85 (20.1) | 76 (18.5) |
| Coronary artery disease | 64 (15.1) | 48 (11.7) |
| Congestive heart failure | 168 (38.6) | 140 (34.1) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 67 (15.8) | 54 (13.2) |
| Dementia | 71 (16.7) | 60 (14.6) |
| Auto-immune disease | 24 (5.7) | 30 (7.3) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 67 (15.8) | 51 (12.4) |
| Complicated diabetes mellitius | 69 (16.3) | 59 (14.4) |
| Moderate or severe kidney failure | 65 (15.3) | 59 (14.4) |
| Liver disease | 5 (1.2) | 7 (1.7) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 13 (3.1) | 9 (2.2) |
| Cancer without metastasis | 44 (10.4) | 33 (8.0) |
| Metastatic cancer | 16 (3.8) | 17 (4.1) |
| Hemopathy | 17 (4.0) | 21 (5.1) |
| Laboratory findings at admission, median (IQR)a | ||
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 55.25 (19.9–109.5) | 61.80 (22.9–120.4) |
| Albumin (g/L) | 32 (28.7–35.5) | 32.1 (29.2–34.3) |
| Count of Lymphocytes (x10^9 cells/L) | 0.94 (0.7–1.4) | 0.90 (0.6–1.3) |
| Lactate deshydrogenase (IU/L) | 315.00 (257–403) | 340.00 (255–457) |
| D dimer (μg/L) | 1,175 (698–2088) | 1,322 (717–2,518) |
| CT value at admission, N (%) | ||
| CT < 24 | 201 (47.4) | 188 (45.9) |
| 24 ≤ CT ≤ 34 | 170 (40.1) | 169 (41.2) |
| CT > 34 | 53 (12.5) | 53 (12.9) |
| Medications at admission, N (%) | ||
| Blood pressure-lowering drugs | 322 (75.9) | 290 (70.3) |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 149 (35.1) | 126 (30.7) |
| VKA drugs | 35 (8.3) | 34 (8.3) |
| DOACs drugs | 71 (16.7) | 71 (17.3) |
aData were not available for all laboratory findings, missing data are detailed in Appendix S6.
PPIs: proton pump inhibitors, CT: cycle threshold, VKA: vitamin K antagonist, DOAC: direct-acting oral anticoagulants.
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