Table 4. Open in new tab Cardiovascular...

	Overall (480)	Men (237)	Women (243)
cSBP (mm Hg)
SBP (mm Hg)	−0.282 (−0.362 to −0.202)	<0.001	−0.300 (−0.407 to −0.193)	<0.001	−0.287 (−0.405 to −0.169)	<0.001
F glucose (mg/dl)	0.006 (−0.071–0.082)	0.884	0.009 (−0.086–0.104)	0.852	0.019 (−0.109–0.147)	0.771
Total-C (mg/dl)	0.014 (−0.024–0.052)	0.469	0.003 (−0.048–0.055)	0.896	0.009 (−0.047–0.066)	0.742
Day cigarettes	0.192 (0.008–0.376)	0.042	0.070 (−0.180–0.319)	0.586	0.277 (0.004–0.550)	0.050
BMI (kg/m²)	0.476 (0.184–0.767)	0.001	0.845 (0.375–1.314)	<0.001	0.257 (−0.121–0.635)	0.185
WC (cm)	0.159 (0.041–0.276)	0.008	0.278 (0.104–0.452)	0.002	0.082 (−0.077–0.242)	0.310
cDBP (mm Hg)
DBP (mm Hg)	−0.292 (−0.396 to −0.188)	<0.001	−0.278 (−0.432 to −0.124)	<0.001	−0.319 (−0.461 to −0.177)	<0.001
F glucose (mg/dl)	-0.014 (−0.079–0.050)	0.659	−0.027 (−0.107–0.053)	0.505	−0.005 (−0.113–0.102)	0.924
Total-C (mg/dl)	−0.012 (−0.043–0.020)	0.470	−0.014 (−0.057–0.030)	0.531	−0.015 (−0.062–0.033)	0.545
Day cigarettes	0.174 (0.040–0.308)	0.012	−0.046 (−0.239–0.147)	0.641	0.388 (0.206–0.569)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	0.145 (−0.102–0.393)	0.250	0.237 (−0.169–0.642)	0.254	0.035 (−0.284–0.353)	0.832
WC (cm)	0.082 (−0.017–0.181)	0.106	0.118 (−0.031–0.268)	0.122	0.040 (−0.094–0.174)	0.560
cPP (mm Hg)
PP (mm Hg)	−0.262 (−0.370 to −0.155)	<0.001	−0.217 (−0.353 to −0.080)	0.002	−0.335 (−0.502 to −0.168)	<0.001
F glucose (mg/dl)	0.020 (−0.049–0.089)	0.567	0.036 (−0.046–0.118)	0.385	0.024 (−0.095–0.143)	0.691
Total-C (mg/dl)	0.026 (−0.008–0.060)	0.139	0.017 (−0.027–0.062)	0.445	0.024 (−0.028–0.076)	0.369
Day cigarettes	0.018 (−0.133–0.169)	0.814	0.116 (−0.073–0.304)	0.232	−0.111 (−0.349–0.127)	0.364
BMI (kg/m²)	0.330 (0.066–0.594)	0.015	0.608 (0.199–1.017)	0.004	0.222 (−0.130–0.575)	0.218
WC (cm)	0.077 (−0.029–0.183)	0.157	0.160 (0.008–0.312)	0.041	0.043 (−0.106–0.191)	0.574
PPA (mm Hg)
MBP (mm Hg)	−0.056 (−0.161–0.049)	0.300	−0.091 (−0.233–0.050)	0.208	−0.039 (−0.195–0.118)	0.629
F glucose (mg/dl)	0.008 (−0.061–0.077)	0.815	−0.001 (−0.082–0.080)	0.972	0.031 (−0.090–0.152)	0.617
Total-C (mg/dl)	0.019 (−0.015–0.053)	0.286	0.035 (−0.009–0.079)	0.120	−0.007 (−0.060–0.047)	0.811
Day cigarettes	0.281 (0.108–0.454)	0.002	−0.020 (−0.277–0.237)	0.878	0.569 (0.347–0.791)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	0.276 (0.012–0.540)	0.041	0.421 (0.013–0.829)	0.044	0.181 (−0.178–0.540)	0.324
WC (cm)	0.078 (−0.028–0.184)	0.152	0.143 (−0.007–0.294)	0.063	0.032 (−0.119–0.183)	0.680
ED (ms)
MBP (mm Hg)	−0.164 (−0.577–0.250)	0.439	−0.097 (−0.646–0.452)	0.729	−0.260 (−0.877–0.358)	0.411
F glucose (mg/dl)	−0.286 (−0.555 to −0.016)	0.038	−0.220 (−0.532–0.092)	0.169	−0.450 (−0.927–0.028)	0.066
Total-C (mg/dl)	−0.018 (−0.152–0.116)	0.792	−0.112 (−0.282–0.057)	0.196	0.066 (−0.146–0.277)	0.544
Day cigarettes	0.231 (−0.199–0.661)	0.293	−0.106 (−0.731–0.520)	0.742	0.673 (0.072–1.273)	0.030
BMI (kg/m²)	−0.817 (−1.858–0.223)	0.124	−0.595 (−2.184–0.994)	0.464	−1.210 (−2.627–0.207)	0.095
WC (cm)	−0.386 (−0.803–0.030)	0.070	−0.109 (−0.696–0.478)	0.715	−0.661 (−1.254 to −0.069)	0.030
SEVR (%)
MBP (mm Hg)	0.248 (−0.064–0.560)	0.120	0.006 (−0.561–0.574)	0.982	0.539 (0.253–0.825)	<0.001
F glucose (mg/dl)	0.043 (−0.161–0.248)	0.677	0.084 (−0.239–0.408)	0.610	−0.078 (−0.306–0.151)	0.506
Total-C (mg/dl)	−0.065 (−0.166–0.036)	0.206	−0.129 (−0.304–0.047)	0.151	0.043 (−0.057–0.144)	0.400
Day cigarettes	0.081 (−0.578–0.740)	0.810	0.655 (−0.549–1.859)	0.289	−0.384 (−0.938–0.171)	0.178
BMI (kg/m²)	0.170 (−0.619–0.959)	0.673	−0.049 (−1.694–1.596)	0.953	0.340 (−0.336–1.016)	0.325
WC (cm)	0.191 (−0.125–0.507)	0.236	0.371 (−0.234–0.976)	0.231	0.034 (−0.250–0.319)	0.814

Overall (480)

Men (237)

Women (243)

β (95% CI)

cSBP (mm Hg)

SBP (mm Hg)

−0.282 (−0.362 to −0.202)

<0.001

−0.300 (−0.407 to −0.193)

<0.001

−0.287 (−0.405 to −0.169)

<0.001

F glucose (mg/dl)

0.006 (−0.071–0.082)

0.884

0.009 (−0.086–0.104)

0.852

0.019 (−0.109–0.147)

0.771

Total-C (mg/dl)

0.014 (−0.024–0.052)

0.469

0.003 (−0.048–0.055)

0.896

0.009 (−0.047–0.066)

0.742

Day cigarettes

0.192 (0.008–0.376)

0.042

0.070 (−0.180–0.319)

0.586

0.277 (0.004–0.550)

0.050

BMI (kg/m²)

0.476 (0.184–0.767)

0.001

0.845 (0.375–1.314)

<0.001

0.257 (−0.121–0.635)

0.185

WC (cm)

0.159 (0.041–0.276)

0.008

0.278 (0.104–0.452)

0.002

0.082 (−0.077–0.242)

0.310

cDBP (mm Hg)

DBP (mm Hg)

−0.292 (−0.396 to −0.188)

<0.001

−0.278 (−0.432 to −0.124)

<0.001

−0.319 (−0.461 to −0.177)

<0.001

F glucose (mg/dl)

-0.014 (−0.079–0.050)

0.659

−0.027 (−0.107–0.053)

0.505

−0.005 (−0.113–0.102)

0.924

Total-C (mg/dl)

−0.012 (−0.043–0.020)

0.470

−0.014 (−0.057–0.030)

0.531

−0.015 (−0.062–0.033)

0.545

Day cigarettes

0.174 (0.040–0.308)

0.012

−0.046 (−0.239–0.147)

0.641

0.388 (0.206–0.569)

<0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

0.145 (−0.102–0.393)

0.250

0.237 (−0.169–0.642)

0.254

0.035 (−0.284–0.353)

0.832

WC (cm)

0.082 (−0.017–0.181)

0.106

0.118 (−0.031–0.268)

0.122

0.040 (−0.094–0.174)

0.560

cPP (mm Hg)

PP (mm Hg)

−0.262 (−0.370 to −0.155)

<0.001

−0.217 (−0.353 to −0.080)

0.002

−0.335 (−0.502 to −0.168)

<0.001

F glucose (mg/dl)

0.020 (−0.049–0.089)

0.567

0.036 (−0.046–0.118)

0.385

0.024 (−0.095–0.143)

0.691

Total-C (mg/dl)

0.026 (−0.008–0.060)

0.139

0.017 (−0.027–0.062)

0.445

0.024 (−0.028–0.076)

0.369

Day cigarettes

0.018 (−0.133–0.169)

0.814

0.116 (−0.073–0.304)

0.232

−0.111 (−0.349–0.127)

0.364

BMI (kg/m²)

0.330 (0.066–0.594)

0.015

0.608 (0.199–1.017)

0.004

0.222 (−0.130–0.575)

0.218

WC (cm)

0.077 (−0.029–0.183)

0.157

0.160 (0.008–0.312)

0.041

0.043 (−0.106–0.191)

0.574

PPA (mm Hg)

MBP (mm Hg)

−0.056 (−0.161–0.049)

0.300

−0.091 (−0.233–0.050)

0.208

−0.039 (−0.195–0.118)

0.629

F glucose (mg/dl)

0.008 (−0.061–0.077)

0.815

−0.001 (−0.082–0.080)

0.972

0.031 (−0.090–0.152)

0.617

Total-C (mg/dl)

0.019 (−0.015–0.053)

0.286

0.035 (−0.009–0.079)

0.120

−0.007 (−0.060–0.047)

0.811

Day cigarettes

0.281 (0.108–0.454)

0.002

−0.020 (−0.277–0.237)

0.878

0.569 (0.347–0.791)

<0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

0.276 (0.012–0.540)

0.041

0.421 (0.013–0.829)

0.044

0.181 (−0.178–0.540)

0.324

WC (cm)

0.078 (−0.028–0.184)

0.152

0.143 (−0.007–0.294)

0.063

0.032 (−0.119–0.183)

0.680

ED (ms)

MBP (mm Hg)

−0.164 (−0.577–0.250)

0.439

−0.097 (−0.646–0.452)

0.729

−0.260 (−0.877–0.358)

0.411

F glucose (mg/dl)

−0.286 (−0.555 to −0.016)

0.038

−0.220 (−0.532–0.092)

0.169

−0.450 (−0.927–0.028)

0.066

Total-C (mg/dl)

−0.018 (−0.152–0.116)

0.792

−0.112 (−0.282–0.057)

0.196

0.066 (−0.146–0.277)

0.544

Day cigarettes

0.231 (−0.199–0.661)

0.293

−0.106 (−0.731–0.520)

0.742

0.673 (0.072–1.273)

0.030

BMI (kg/m²)

−0.817 (−1.858–0.223)

0.124

−0.595 (−2.184–0.994)

0.464

−1.210 (−2.627–0.207)

0.095

WC (cm)

−0.386 (−0.803–0.030)

0.070

−0.109 (−0.696–0.478)

0.715

−0.661 (−1.254 to −0.069)

0.030

SEVR (%)

MBP (mm Hg)

0.248 (−0.064–0.560)

0.120

0.006 (−0.561–0.574)

0.982

0.539 (0.253–0.825)

<0.001

F glucose (mg/dl)

0.043 (−0.161–0.248)

0.677

0.084 (−0.239–0.408)

0.610

−0.078 (−0.306–0.151)

0.506

Total-C (mg/dl)

−0.065 (−0.166–0.036)

0.206

−0.129 (−0.304–0.047)

0.151

0.043 (−0.057–0.144)

0.400

Day cigarettes

0.081 (−0.578–0.740)

0.810

0.655 (−0.549–1.859)

0.289

−0.384 (−0.938–0.171)

0.178

BMI (kg/m²)

0.170 (−0.619–0.959)

0.673

−0.049 (−1.694–1.596)

0.953

0.340 (−0.336–1.016)

0.325

WC (cm)

0.191 (−0.125–0.507)

0.236

0.371 (−0.234–0.976)

0.231

0.034 (−0.250–0.319)

0.814

	Overall (480)	Men (237)	Women (243)
cSBP (mm Hg)
SBP (mm Hg)	−0.282 (−0.362 to −0.202)	<0.001	−0.300 (−0.407 to −0.193)	<0.001	−0.287 (−0.405 to −0.169)	<0.001
F glucose (mg/dl)	0.006 (−0.071–0.082)	0.884	0.009 (−0.086–0.104)	0.852	0.019 (−0.109–0.147)	0.771
Total-C (mg/dl)	0.014 (−0.024–0.052)	0.469	0.003 (−0.048–0.055)	0.896	0.009 (−0.047–0.066)	0.742
Day cigarettes	0.192 (0.008–0.376)	0.042	0.070 (−0.180–0.319)	0.586	0.277 (0.004–0.550)	0.050
BMI (kg/m²)	0.476 (0.184–0.767)	0.001	0.845 (0.375–1.314)	<0.001	0.257 (−0.121–0.635)	0.185
WC (cm)	0.159 (0.041–0.276)	0.008	0.278 (0.104–0.452)	0.002	0.082 (−0.077–0.242)	0.310
cDBP (mm Hg)
DBP (mm Hg)	−0.292 (−0.396 to −0.188)	<0.001	−0.278 (−0.432 to −0.124)	<0.001	−0.319 (−0.461 to −0.177)	<0.001
F glucose (mg/dl)	-0.014 (−0.079–0.050)	0.659	−0.027 (−0.107–0.053)	0.505	−0.005 (−0.113–0.102)	0.924
Total-C (mg/dl)	−0.012 (−0.043–0.020)	0.470	−0.014 (−0.057–0.030)	0.531	−0.015 (−0.062–0.033)	0.545
Day cigarettes	0.174 (0.040–0.308)	0.012	−0.046 (−0.239–0.147)	0.641	0.388 (0.206–0.569)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	0.145 (−0.102–0.393)	0.250	0.237 (−0.169–0.642)	0.254	0.035 (−0.284–0.353)	0.832
WC (cm)	0.082 (−0.017–0.181)	0.106	0.118 (−0.031–0.268)	0.122	0.040 (−0.094–0.174)	0.560
cPP (mm Hg)
PP (mm Hg)	−0.262 (−0.370 to −0.155)	<0.001	−0.217 (−0.353 to −0.080)	0.002	−0.335 (−0.502 to −0.168)	<0.001
F glucose (mg/dl)	0.020 (−0.049–0.089)	0.567	0.036 (−0.046–0.118)	0.385	0.024 (−0.095–0.143)	0.691
Total-C (mg/dl)	0.026 (−0.008–0.060)	0.139	0.017 (−0.027–0.062)	0.445	0.024 (−0.028–0.076)	0.369
Day cigarettes	0.018 (−0.133–0.169)	0.814	0.116 (−0.073–0.304)	0.232	−0.111 (−0.349–0.127)	0.364
BMI (kg/m²)	0.330 (0.066–0.594)	0.015	0.608 (0.199–1.017)	0.004	0.222 (−0.130–0.575)	0.218
WC (cm)	0.077 (−0.029–0.183)	0.157	0.160 (0.008–0.312)	0.041	0.043 (−0.106–0.191)	0.574
PPA (mm Hg)
MBP (mm Hg)	−0.056 (−0.161–0.049)	0.300	−0.091 (−0.233–0.050)	0.208	−0.039 (−0.195–0.118)	0.629
F glucose (mg/dl)	0.008 (−0.061–0.077)	0.815	−0.001 (−0.082–0.080)	0.972	0.031 (−0.090–0.152)	0.617
Total-C (mg/dl)	0.019 (−0.015–0.053)	0.286	0.035 (−0.009–0.079)	0.120	−0.007 (−0.060–0.047)	0.811
Day cigarettes	0.281 (0.108–0.454)	0.002	−0.020 (−0.277–0.237)	0.878	0.569 (0.347–0.791)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	0.276 (0.012–0.540)	0.041	0.421 (0.013–0.829)	0.044	0.181 (−0.178–0.540)	0.324
WC (cm)	0.078 (−0.028–0.184)	0.152	0.143 (−0.007–0.294)	0.063	0.032 (−0.119–0.183)	0.680
ED (ms)
MBP (mm Hg)	−0.164 (−0.577–0.250)	0.439	−0.097 (−0.646–0.452)	0.729	−0.260 (−0.877–0.358)	0.411
F glucose (mg/dl)	−0.286 (−0.555 to −0.016)	0.038	−0.220 (−0.532–0.092)	0.169	−0.450 (−0.927–0.028)	0.066
Total-C (mg/dl)	−0.018 (−0.152–0.116)	0.792	−0.112 (−0.282–0.057)	0.196	0.066 (−0.146–0.277)	0.544
Day cigarettes	0.231 (−0.199–0.661)	0.293	−0.106 (−0.731–0.520)	0.742	0.673 (0.072–1.273)	0.030
BMI (kg/m²)	−0.817 (−1.858–0.223)	0.124	−0.595 (−2.184–0.994)	0.464	−1.210 (−2.627–0.207)	0.095
WC (cm)	−0.386 (−0.803–0.030)	0.070	−0.109 (−0.696–0.478)	0.715	−0.661 (−1.254 to −0.069)	0.030
SEVR (%)
MBP (mm Hg)	0.248 (−0.064–0.560)	0.120	0.006 (−0.561–0.574)	0.982	0.539 (0.253–0.825)	<0.001
F glucose (mg/dl)	0.043 (−0.161–0.248)	0.677	0.084 (−0.239–0.408)	0.610	−0.078 (−0.306–0.151)	0.506
Total-C (mg/dl)	−0.065 (−0.166–0.036)	0.206	−0.129 (−0.304–0.047)	0.151	0.043 (−0.057–0.144)	0.400
Day cigarettes	0.081 (−0.578–0.740)	0.810	0.655 (−0.549–1.859)	0.289	−0.384 (−0.938–0.171)	0.178
BMI (kg/m²)	0.170 (−0.619–0.959)	0.673	−0.049 (−1.694–1.596)	0.953	0.340 (−0.336–1.016)	0.325
WC (cm)	0.191 (−0.125–0.507)	0.236	0.371 (−0.234–0.976)	0.231	0.034 (−0.250–0.319)	0.814

Overall (480)

Men (237)

Women (243)

β (95% CI)

cSBP (mm Hg)

SBP (mm Hg)

−0.282 (−0.362 to −0.202)

<0.001

−0.300 (−0.407 to −0.193)

<0.001

−0.287 (−0.405 to −0.169)

<0.001

F glucose (mg/dl)

0.006 (−0.071–0.082)

0.884

0.009 (−0.086–0.104)

0.852

0.019 (−0.109–0.147)

0.771

Total-C (mg/dl)

0.014 (−0.024–0.052)

0.469

0.003 (−0.048–0.055)

0.896

0.009 (−0.047–0.066)

0.742

Day cigarettes

0.192 (0.008–0.376)

0.042

0.070 (−0.180–0.319)

0.586

0.277 (0.004–0.550)

0.050

BMI (kg/m²)

0.476 (0.184–0.767)

0.001

0.845 (0.375–1.314)

<0.001

0.257 (−0.121–0.635)

0.185

WC (cm)

0.159 (0.041–0.276)

0.008

0.278 (0.104–0.452)

0.002

0.082 (−0.077–0.242)

0.310

cDBP (mm Hg)

DBP (mm Hg)

−0.292 (−0.396 to −0.188)

<0.001

−0.278 (−0.432 to −0.124)

<0.001

−0.319 (−0.461 to −0.177)

<0.001

F glucose (mg/dl)

-0.014 (−0.079–0.050)

0.659

−0.027 (−0.107–0.053)

0.505

−0.005 (−0.113–0.102)

0.924

Total-C (mg/dl)

−0.012 (−0.043–0.020)

0.470

−0.014 (−0.057–0.030)

0.531

−0.015 (−0.062–0.033)

0.545

Day cigarettes

0.174 (0.040–0.308)

0.012

−0.046 (−0.239–0.147)

0.641

0.388 (0.206–0.569)

<0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

0.145 (−0.102–0.393)

0.250

0.237 (−0.169–0.642)

0.254

0.035 (−0.284–0.353)

0.832

WC (cm)

0.082 (−0.017–0.181)

0.106

0.118 (−0.031–0.268)

0.122

0.040 (−0.094–0.174)

0.560

cPP (mm Hg)

PP (mm Hg)

−0.262 (−0.370 to −0.155)

<0.001

−0.217 (−0.353 to −0.080)

0.002

−0.335 (−0.502 to −0.168)

<0.001

F glucose (mg/dl)

0.020 (−0.049–0.089)

0.567

0.036 (−0.046–0.118)

0.385

0.024 (−0.095–0.143)

0.691

Total-C (mg/dl)

0.026 (−0.008–0.060)

0.139

0.017 (−0.027–0.062)

0.445

0.024 (−0.028–0.076)

0.369

Day cigarettes

0.018 (−0.133–0.169)

0.814

0.116 (−0.073–0.304)

0.232

−0.111 (−0.349–0.127)

0.364

BMI (kg/m²)

0.330 (0.066–0.594)

0.015

0.608 (0.199–1.017)

0.004

0.222 (−0.130–0.575)

0.218

WC (cm)

0.077 (−0.029–0.183)

0.157

0.160 (0.008–0.312)

0.041

0.043 (−0.106–0.191)

0.574

PPA (mm Hg)

MBP (mm Hg)

−0.056 (−0.161–0.049)

0.300

−0.091 (−0.233–0.050)

0.208

−0.039 (−0.195–0.118)

0.629

F glucose (mg/dl)

0.008 (−0.061–0.077)

0.815

−0.001 (−0.082–0.080)

0.972

0.031 (−0.090–0.152)

0.617

Total-C (mg/dl)

0.019 (−0.015–0.053)

0.286

0.035 (−0.009–0.079)

0.120

−0.007 (−0.060–0.047)

0.811

Day cigarettes

0.281 (0.108–0.454)

0.002

−0.020 (−0.277–0.237)

0.878

0.569 (0.347–0.791)

<0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

0.276 (0.012–0.540)

0.041

0.421 (0.013–0.829)

0.044

0.181 (−0.178–0.540)

0.324

WC (cm)

0.078 (−0.028–0.184)

0.152

0.143 (−0.007–0.294)

0.063

0.032 (−0.119–0.183)

0.680

ED (ms)

MBP (mm Hg)

−0.164 (−0.577–0.250)

0.439

−0.097 (−0.646–0.452)

0.729

−0.260 (−0.877–0.358)

0.411

F glucose (mg/dl)

−0.286 (−0.555 to −0.016)

0.038

−0.220 (−0.532–0.092)

0.169

−0.450 (−0.927–0.028)

0.066

Total-C (mg/dl)

−0.018 (−0.152–0.116)

0.792

−0.112 (−0.282–0.057)

0.196

0.066 (−0.146–0.277)

0.544

Day cigarettes

0.231 (−0.199–0.661)

0.293

−0.106 (−0.731–0.520)

0.742

0.673 (0.072–1.273)

0.030

BMI (kg/m²)

−0.817 (−1.858–0.223)

0.124

−0.595 (−2.184–0.994)

0.464

−1.210 (−2.627–0.207)

0.095

WC (cm)

−0.386 (−0.803–0.030)

0.070

−0.109 (−0.696–0.478)

0.715

−0.661 (−1.254 to −0.069)

0.030

SEVR (%)

MBP (mm Hg)

0.248 (−0.064–0.560)

0.120

0.006 (−0.561–0.574)

0.982

0.539 (0.253–0.825)

<0.001

F glucose (mg/dl)

0.043 (−0.161–0.248)

0.677

0.084 (−0.239–0.408)

0.610

−0.078 (−0.306–0.151)

0.506

Total-C (mg/dl)

−0.065 (−0.166–0.036)

0.206

−0.129 (−0.304–0.047)

0.151

0.043 (−0.057–0.144)

0.400

Day cigarettes

0.081 (−0.578–0.740)

0.810

0.655 (−0.549–1.859)

0.289

−0.384 (−0.938–0.171)

0.178

BMI (kg/m²)

0.170 (−0.619–0.959)

0.673

−0.049 (−1.694–1.596)

0.953

0.340 (−0.336–1.016)

0.325

WC (cm)

0.191 (−0.125–0.507)

0.236

0.371 (−0.234–0.976)

0.231

0.034 (−0.250–0.319)

0.814

Table 4.

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Cardiovascular risk factors associated with the increase of vascular function parameters. Multiple regression analysis.

	Overall (480)		Men (237)		Women (243)
	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P
cSBP (mm Hg)
SBP (mm Hg)	−0.282 (−0.362 to −0.202)	<0.001	−0.300 (−0.407 to −0.193)	<0.001	−0.287 (−0.405 to −0.169)	<0.001
F glucose (mg/dl)	0.006 (−0.071–0.082)	0.884	0.009 (−0.086–0.104)	0.852	0.019 (−0.109–0.147)	0.771
Total-C (mg/dl)	0.014 (−0.024–0.052)	0.469	0.003 (−0.048–0.055)	0.896	0.009 (−0.047–0.066)	0.742
Day cigarettes	0.192 (0.008–0.376)	0.042	0.070 (−0.180–0.319)	0.586	0.277 (0.004–0.550)	0.050
BMI (kg/m²)	0.476 (0.184–0.767)	0.001	0.845 (0.375–1.314)	<0.001	0.257 (−0.121–0.635)	0.185
WC (cm)	0.159 (0.041–0.276)	0.008	0.278 (0.104–0.452)	0.002	0.082 (−0.077–0.242)	0.310
cDBP (mm Hg)
DBP (mm Hg)	−0.292 (−0.396 to −0.188)	<0.001	−0.278 (−0.432 to −0.124)	<0.001	−0.319 (−0.461 to −0.177)	<0.001
F glucose (mg/dl)	-0.014 (−0.079–0.050)	0.659	−0.027 (−0.107–0.053)	0.505	−0.005 (−0.113–0.102)	0.924
Total-C (mg/dl)	−0.012 (−0.043–0.020)	0.470	−0.014 (−0.057–0.030)	0.531	−0.015 (−0.062–0.033)	0.545
Day cigarettes	0.174 (0.040–0.308)	0.012	−0.046 (−0.239–0.147)	0.641	0.388 (0.206–0.569)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	0.145 (−0.102–0.393)	0.250	0.237 (−0.169–0.642)	0.254	0.035 (−0.284–0.353)	0.832
WC (cm)	0.082 (−0.017–0.181)	0.106	0.118 (−0.031–0.268)	0.122	0.040 (−0.094–0.174)	0.560
cPP (mm Hg)
PP (mm Hg)	−0.262 (−0.370 to −0.155)	<0.001	−0.217 (−0.353 to −0.080)	0.002	−0.335 (−0.502 to −0.168)	<0.001
F glucose (mg/dl)	0.020 (−0.049–0.089)	0.567	0.036 (−0.046–0.118)	0.385	0.024 (−0.095–0.143)	0.691
Total-C (mg/dl)	0.026 (−0.008–0.060)	0.139	0.017 (−0.027–0.062)	0.445	0.024 (−0.028–0.076)	0.369
Day cigarettes	0.018 (−0.133–0.169)	0.814	0.116 (−0.073–0.304)	0.232	−0.111 (−0.349–0.127)	0.364
BMI (kg/m²)	0.330 (0.066–0.594)	0.015	0.608 (0.199–1.017)	0.004	0.222 (−0.130–0.575)	0.218
WC (cm)	0.077 (−0.029–0.183)	0.157	0.160 (0.008–0.312)	0.041	0.043 (−0.106–0.191)	0.574
PPA (mm Hg)
MBP (mm Hg)	−0.056 (−0.161–0.049)	0.300	−0.091 (−0.233–0.050)	0.208	−0.039 (−0.195–0.118)	0.629
F glucose (mg/dl)	0.008 (−0.061–0.077)	0.815	−0.001 (−0.082–0.080)	0.972	0.031 (−0.090–0.152)	0.617
Total-C (mg/dl)	0.019 (−0.015–0.053)	0.286	0.035 (−0.009–0.079)	0.120	−0.007 (−0.060–0.047)	0.811
Day cigarettes	0.281 (0.108–0.454)	0.002	−0.020 (−0.277–0.237)	0.878	0.569 (0.347–0.791)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	0.276 (0.012–0.540)	0.041	0.421 (0.013–0.829)	0.044	0.181 (−0.178–0.540)	0.324
WC (cm)	0.078 (−0.028–0.184)	0.152	0.143 (−0.007–0.294)	0.063	0.032 (−0.119–0.183)	0.680
ED (ms)
MBP (mm Hg)	−0.164 (−0.577–0.250)	0.439	−0.097 (−0.646–0.452)	0.729	−0.260 (−0.877–0.358)	0.411
F glucose (mg/dl)	−0.286 (−0.555 to −0.016)	0.038	−0.220 (−0.532–0.092)	0.169	−0.450 (−0.927–0.028)	0.066
Total-C (mg/dl)	−0.018 (−0.152–0.116)	0.792	−0.112 (−0.282–0.057)	0.196	0.066 (−0.146–0.277)	0.544
Day cigarettes	0.231 (−0.199–0.661)	0.293	−0.106 (−0.731–0.520)	0.742	0.673 (0.072–1.273)	0.030
BMI (kg/m²)	−0.817 (−1.858–0.223)	0.124	−0.595 (−2.184–0.994)	0.464	−1.210 (−2.627–0.207)	0.095
WC (cm)	−0.386 (−0.803–0.030)	0.070	−0.109 (−0.696–0.478)	0.715	−0.661 (−1.254 to −0.069)	0.030
SEVR (%)
MBP (mm Hg)	0.248 (−0.064–0.560)	0.120	0.006 (−0.561–0.574)	0.982	0.539 (0.253–0.825)	<0.001
F glucose (mg/dl)	0.043 (−0.161–0.248)	0.677	0.084 (−0.239–0.408)	0.610	−0.078 (−0.306–0.151)	0.506
Total-C (mg/dl)	−0.065 (−0.166–0.036)	0.206	−0.129 (−0.304–0.047)	0.151	0.043 (−0.057–0.144)	0.400
Day cigarettes	0.081 (−0.578–0.740)	0.810	0.655 (−0.549–1.859)	0.289	−0.384 (−0.938–0.171)	0.178
BMI (kg/m²)	0.170 (−0.619–0.959)	0.673	−0.049 (−1.694–1.596)	0.953	0.340 (−0.336–1.016)	0.325
WC (cm)	0.191 (−0.125–0.507)	0.236	0.371 (−0.234–0.976)	0.231	0.034 (−0.250–0.319)	0.814

	Overall (480)		Men (237)		Women (243)
	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P
cSBP (mm Hg)
SBP (mm Hg)	−0.282 (−0.362 to −0.202)	<0.001	−0.300 (−0.407 to −0.193)	<0.001	−0.287 (−0.405 to −0.169)	<0.001
F glucose (mg/dl)	0.006 (−0.071–0.082)	0.884	0.009 (−0.086–0.104)	0.852	0.019 (−0.109–0.147)	0.771
Total-C (mg/dl)	0.014 (−0.024–0.052)	0.469	0.003 (−0.048–0.055)	0.896	0.009 (−0.047–0.066)	0.742
Day cigarettes	0.192 (0.008–0.376)	0.042	0.070 (−0.180–0.319)	0.586	0.277 (0.004–0.550)	0.050
BMI (kg/m²)	0.476 (0.184–0.767)	0.001	0.845 (0.375–1.314)	<0.001	0.257 (−0.121–0.635)	0.185
WC (cm)	0.159 (0.041–0.276)	0.008	0.278 (0.104–0.452)	0.002	0.082 (−0.077–0.242)	0.310
cDBP (mm Hg)
DBP (mm Hg)	−0.292 (−0.396 to −0.188)	<0.001	−0.278 (−0.432 to −0.124)	<0.001	−0.319 (−0.461 to −0.177)	<0.001
F glucose (mg/dl)	-0.014 (−0.079–0.050)	0.659	−0.027 (−0.107–0.053)	0.505	−0.005 (−0.113–0.102)	0.924
Total-C (mg/dl)	−0.012 (−0.043–0.020)	0.470	−0.014 (−0.057–0.030)	0.531	−0.015 (−0.062–0.033)	0.545
Day cigarettes	0.174 (0.040–0.308)	0.012	−0.046 (−0.239–0.147)	0.641	0.388 (0.206–0.569)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	0.145 (−0.102–0.393)	0.250	0.237 (−0.169–0.642)	0.254	0.035 (−0.284–0.353)	0.832
WC (cm)	0.082 (−0.017–0.181)	0.106	0.118 (−0.031–0.268)	0.122	0.040 (−0.094–0.174)	0.560
cPP (mm Hg)
PP (mm Hg)	−0.262 (−0.370 to −0.155)	<0.001	−0.217 (−0.353 to −0.080)	0.002	−0.335 (−0.502 to −0.168)	<0.001
F glucose (mg/dl)	0.020 (−0.049–0.089)	0.567	0.036 (−0.046–0.118)	0.385	0.024 (−0.095–0.143)	0.691
Total-C (mg/dl)	0.026 (−0.008–0.060)	0.139	0.017 (−0.027–0.062)	0.445	0.024 (−0.028–0.076)	0.369
Day cigarettes	0.018 (−0.133–0.169)	0.814	0.116 (−0.073–0.304)	0.232	−0.111 (−0.349–0.127)	0.364
BMI (kg/m²)	0.330 (0.066–0.594)	0.015	0.608 (0.199–1.017)	0.004	0.222 (−0.130–0.575)	0.218
WC (cm)	0.077 (−0.029–0.183)	0.157	0.160 (0.008–0.312)	0.041	0.043 (−0.106–0.191)	0.574
PPA (mm Hg)
MBP (mm Hg)	−0.056 (−0.161–0.049)	0.300	−0.091 (−0.233–0.050)	0.208	−0.039 (−0.195–0.118)	0.629
F glucose (mg/dl)	0.008 (−0.061–0.077)	0.815	−0.001 (−0.082–0.080)	0.972	0.031 (−0.090–0.152)	0.617
Total-C (mg/dl)	0.019 (−0.015–0.053)	0.286	0.035 (−0.009–0.079)	0.120	−0.007 (−0.060–0.047)	0.811
Day cigarettes	0.281 (0.108–0.454)	0.002	−0.020 (−0.277–0.237)	0.878	0.569 (0.347–0.791)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	0.276 (0.012–0.540)	0.041	0.421 (0.013–0.829)	0.044	0.181 (−0.178–0.540)	0.324
WC (cm)	0.078 (−0.028–0.184)	0.152	0.143 (−0.007–0.294)	0.063	0.032 (−0.119–0.183)	0.680
ED (ms)
MBP (mm Hg)	−0.164 (−0.577–0.250)	0.439	−0.097 (−0.646–0.452)	0.729	−0.260 (−0.877–0.358)	0.411
F glucose (mg/dl)	−0.286 (−0.555 to −0.016)	0.038	−0.220 (−0.532–0.092)	0.169	−0.450 (−0.927–0.028)	0.066
Total-C (mg/dl)	−0.018 (−0.152–0.116)	0.792	−0.112 (−0.282–0.057)	0.196	0.066 (−0.146–0.277)	0.544
Day cigarettes	0.231 (−0.199–0.661)	0.293	−0.106 (−0.731–0.520)	0.742	0.673 (0.072–1.273)	0.030
BMI (kg/m²)	−0.817 (−1.858–0.223)	0.124	−0.595 (−2.184–0.994)	0.464	−1.210 (−2.627–0.207)	0.095
WC (cm)	−0.386 (−0.803–0.030)	0.070	−0.109 (−0.696–0.478)	0.715	−0.661 (−1.254 to −0.069)	0.030
SEVR (%)
MBP (mm Hg)	0.248 (−0.064–0.560)	0.120	0.006 (−0.561–0.574)	0.982	0.539 (0.253–0.825)	<0.001
F glucose (mg/dl)	0.043 (−0.161–0.248)	0.677	0.084 (−0.239–0.408)	0.610	−0.078 (−0.306–0.151)	0.506
Total-C (mg/dl)	−0.065 (−0.166–0.036)	0.206	−0.129 (−0.304–0.047)	0.151	0.043 (−0.057–0.144)	0.400
Day cigarettes	0.081 (−0.578–0.740)	0.810	0.655 (−0.549–1.859)	0.289	−0.384 (−0.938–0.171)	0.178
BMI (kg/m²)	0.170 (−0.619–0.959)	0.673	−0.049 (−1.694–1.596)	0.953	0.340 (−0.336–1.016)	0.325
WC (cm)	0.191 (−0.125–0.507)	0.236	0.371 (−0.234–0.976)	0.231	0.034 (−0.250–0.319)	0.814

Multiple regression analysis using as dependent variables the differences between the baseline evaluation and after 5 years of (Abbreviations: CRF, cardiovascular risk factors; cSBP, central systolic blood pressure; cDBP, central diastolic blood pressure; cPP, central pulse pressure; PPA, pulse pressure amplification; ED, ejection duration; SEVR%, subendocardial viability ratio); as independent variables the CRF evaluated in the baseline (SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; PP: pulse pressure; MBP: mean arterial pressure; F glucose: fasting glucose; Total-C: total cholesterol (mg/dl); BMI: body mass index (kg/m²); WC: waist circumference (cm)); and as adjustment variables age and antihypertensive. β: regression coefficient.

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