Table 6.
Open in new tab

Economic effects by innovation for arable farms.

 Output per haOutput per workerHa per workerTechnical efficiency
Process innovation    
 Machinery and equipment in t0.007−0.016−0.022−0.021
 (0.022)(0.028)(0.018)(0.015)
  in t − 1 or t − 20.0040.0050.000−0.002
 (0.020)(0.022)(0.013)(0.011)
 Buildings in t−0.007−0.053−0.046−0.031
 (0.063)(0.054)(0.035)(0.030)
  in t − 1 or t − 2−0.015−0.0120.004−0.001
 (0.040)(0.037)(0.020)(0.022)
 Farm management, new techniques in t−0.0300.0160.046−0.034
 (0.056)(0.067)(0.035)(0.042)
  in t − 1 or t − 2−0.0100.0360.047**−0.005
 (0.052)(0.055)(0.020)(0.030)
 GPS systems in t0.0350.0530.0180.019
 (0.032)(0.042)(0.032)(0.017)
  in t − 1 or t − 2−0.0080.0380.046**0.003
 (0.029)(0.030)(0.019)(0.016)
Organizational and marketing innovation
 Business organization and management in t−0.020−0.0110.009−0.006
 (0.039)(0.042)(0.024)(0.018)
  in t − 1 or t − 20.0210.000−0.0210.000
 (0.024)(0.027)(0.015)(0.014)
 Other OM innovation in t0.0240.0430.0190.040
 (0.076)(0.066)(0.026)(0.047)
  in t − 1 or t − 2−0.009−0.024−0.0150.005
 (0.040)(0.049)(0.030)(0.031)
Product innovation in t−0.042−0.047−0.005−0.016
 (0.051)(0.048)(0.035)(0.019)
 in t − 1 or t − 20.0020.0520.050*0.008
 (0.043)(0.048)(0.027)(0.021)
Farm size0.224***0.537***0.313***0.149***
 (0.085)(0.078)(0.082)(0.041)
Degree of specialization0.148**0.233***0.0850.070**
 (0.074)(0.068)(0.057)(0.030)
Age of farmer−0.002−0.0020.000−0.003**
 (0.003)(0.003)(0.003)(0.001)
Age of farmer²0.0000.0000.0000.000**
 (0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)
Training−0.0270.0070.034−0.012
 (0.088)(0.077)(0.056)(0.053)
New manager−0.049−0.082−0.033−0.028
 (0.057)(0.052)(0.039)(0.033)
No successor−0.0100.0060.016−0.004
 (0.029)(0.027)(0.022)(0.010)
Year (2009 = base level)    
 20100.056−0.061−0.117***−0.007
 (0.039)(0.046)(0.037)(0.024)
 2011−0.335***−0.410***−0.075***0.005
 (0.043)(0.046)(0.026)(0.024)
 20120.296***0.229***−0.067**0.048**
 (0.036)(0.040)(0.026)(0.021)
 2013−0.368***−0.478***−0.110***−0.037*
 (0.038)(0.042)(0.031)(0.022)
 2014−0.141***−0.213***−0.072**−0.000
 (0.031)(0.037)(0.032)(0.018)
 20150.012−0.106**−0.118***0.009
 (0.037)(0.045)(0.028)(0.023)
 2016−0.225***−0.341***−0.117***−0.048**
 (0.049)(0.050)(0.031)(0.024)
 2017−0.101**−0.121***−0.0200.067**
 (0.049)(0.046)(0.032)(0.026)
Region (1 = base level)    
 2−0.005−0.014−0.009−0.009
 (0.019)(0.023)(0.020)(0.010)
 30.0040.0200.0150.002
 (0.023)(0.025)(0.018)(0.012)
 4−0.0040.0010.005−0.008
 (0.016)(0.020)(0.014)(0.008)
Adjusted R²0.3780.4260.1190.045
Number of observations590590590590
 Output per haOutput per workerHa per workerTechnical efficiency
Process innovation    
 Machinery and equipment in t0.007−0.016−0.022−0.021
 (0.022)(0.028)(0.018)(0.015)
  in t − 1 or t − 20.0040.0050.000−0.002
 (0.020)(0.022)(0.013)(0.011)
 Buildings in t−0.007−0.053−0.046−0.031
 (0.063)(0.054)(0.035)(0.030)
  in t − 1 or t − 2−0.015−0.0120.004−0.001
 (0.040)(0.037)(0.020)(0.022)
 Farm management, new techniques in t−0.0300.0160.046−0.034
 (0.056)(0.067)(0.035)(0.042)
  in t − 1 or t − 2−0.0100.0360.047**−0.005
 (0.052)(0.055)(0.020)(0.030)
 GPS systems in t0.0350.0530.0180.019
 (0.032)(0.042)(0.032)(0.017)
  in t − 1 or t − 2−0.0080.0380.046**0.003
 (0.029)(0.030)(0.019)(0.016)
Organizational and marketing innovation
 Business organization and management in t−0.020−0.0110.009−0.006
 (0.039)(0.042)(0.024)(0.018)
  in t − 1 or t − 20.0210.000−0.0210.000
 (0.024)(0.027)(0.015)(0.014)
 Other OM innovation in t0.0240.0430.0190.040
 (0.076)(0.066)(0.026)(0.047)
  in t − 1 or t − 2−0.009−0.024−0.0150.005
 (0.040)(0.049)(0.030)(0.031)
Product innovation in t−0.042−0.047−0.005−0.016
 (0.051)(0.048)(0.035)(0.019)
 in t − 1 or t − 20.0020.0520.050*0.008
 (0.043)(0.048)(0.027)(0.021)
Farm size0.224***0.537***0.313***0.149***
 (0.085)(0.078)(0.082)(0.041)
Degree of specialization0.148**0.233***0.0850.070**
 (0.074)(0.068)(0.057)(0.030)
Age of farmer−0.002−0.0020.000−0.003**
 (0.003)(0.003)(0.003)(0.001)
Age of farmer²0.0000.0000.0000.000**
 (0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)
Training−0.0270.0070.034−0.012
 (0.088)(0.077)(0.056)(0.053)
New manager−0.049−0.082−0.033−0.028
 (0.057)(0.052)(0.039)(0.033)
No successor−0.0100.0060.016−0.004
 (0.029)(0.027)(0.022)(0.010)
Year (2009 = base level)    
 20100.056−0.061−0.117***−0.007
 (0.039)(0.046)(0.037)(0.024)
 2011−0.335***−0.410***−0.075***0.005
 (0.043)(0.046)(0.026)(0.024)
 20120.296***0.229***−0.067**0.048**
 (0.036)(0.040)(0.026)(0.021)
 2013−0.368***−0.478***−0.110***−0.037*
 (0.038)(0.042)(0.031)(0.022)
 2014−0.141***−0.213***−0.072**−0.000
 (0.031)(0.037)(0.032)(0.018)
 20150.012−0.106**−0.118***0.009
 (0.037)(0.045)(0.028)(0.023)
 2016−0.225***−0.341***−0.117***−0.048**
 (0.049)(0.050)(0.031)(0.024)
 2017−0.101**−0.121***−0.0200.067**
 (0.049)(0.046)(0.032)(0.026)
Region (1 = base level)    
 2−0.005−0.014−0.009−0.009
 (0.019)(0.023)(0.020)(0.010)
 30.0040.0200.0150.002
 (0.023)(0.025)(0.018)(0.012)
 4−0.0040.0010.005−0.008
 (0.016)(0.020)(0.014)(0.008)
Adjusted R²0.3780.4260.1190.045
Number of observations590590590590

Note: Levels of statistical significance are 10% (*), 5% (**), and 1% (***).

Table 6.
Open in new tab

Economic effects by innovation for arable farms.

 Output per haOutput per workerHa per workerTechnical efficiency
Process innovation    
 Machinery and equipment in t0.007−0.016−0.022−0.021
 (0.022)(0.028)(0.018)(0.015)
  in t − 1 or t − 20.0040.0050.000−0.002
 (0.020)(0.022)(0.013)(0.011)
 Buildings in t−0.007−0.053−0.046−0.031
 (0.063)(0.054)(0.035)(0.030)
  in t − 1 or t − 2−0.015−0.0120.004−0.001
 (0.040)(0.037)(0.020)(0.022)
 Farm management, new techniques in t−0.0300.0160.046−0.034
 (0.056)(0.067)(0.035)(0.042)
  in t − 1 or t − 2−0.0100.0360.047**−0.005
 (0.052)(0.055)(0.020)(0.030)
 GPS systems in t0.0350.0530.0180.019
 (0.032)(0.042)(0.032)(0.017)
  in t − 1 or t − 2−0.0080.0380.046**0.003
 (0.029)(0.030)(0.019)(0.016)
Organizational and marketing innovation
 Business organization and management in t−0.020−0.0110.009−0.006
 (0.039)(0.042)(0.024)(0.018)
  in t − 1 or t − 20.0210.000−0.0210.000
 (0.024)(0.027)(0.015)(0.014)
 Other OM innovation in t0.0240.0430.0190.040
 (0.076)(0.066)(0.026)(0.047)
  in t − 1 or t − 2−0.009−0.024−0.0150.005
 (0.040)(0.049)(0.030)(0.031)
Product innovation in t−0.042−0.047−0.005−0.016
 (0.051)(0.048)(0.035)(0.019)
 in t − 1 or t − 20.0020.0520.050*0.008
 (0.043)(0.048)(0.027)(0.021)
Farm size0.224***0.537***0.313***0.149***
 (0.085)(0.078)(0.082)(0.041)
Degree of specialization0.148**0.233***0.0850.070**
 (0.074)(0.068)(0.057)(0.030)
Age of farmer−0.002−0.0020.000−0.003**
 (0.003)(0.003)(0.003)(0.001)
Age of farmer²0.0000.0000.0000.000**
 (0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)
Training−0.0270.0070.034−0.012
 (0.088)(0.077)(0.056)(0.053)
New manager−0.049−0.082−0.033−0.028
 (0.057)(0.052)(0.039)(0.033)
No successor−0.0100.0060.016−0.004
 (0.029)(0.027)(0.022)(0.010)
Year (2009 = base level)    
 20100.056−0.061−0.117***−0.007
 (0.039)(0.046)(0.037)(0.024)
 2011−0.335***−0.410***−0.075***0.005
 (0.043)(0.046)(0.026)(0.024)
 20120.296***0.229***−0.067**0.048**
 (0.036)(0.040)(0.026)(0.021)
 2013−0.368***−0.478***−0.110***−0.037*
 (0.038)(0.042)(0.031)(0.022)
 2014−0.141***−0.213***−0.072**−0.000
 (0.031)(0.037)(0.032)(0.018)
 20150.012−0.106**−0.118***0.009
 (0.037)(0.045)(0.028)(0.023)
 2016−0.225***−0.341***−0.117***−0.048**
 (0.049)(0.050)(0.031)(0.024)
 2017−0.101**−0.121***−0.0200.067**
 (0.049)(0.046)(0.032)(0.026)
Region (1 = base level)    
 2−0.005−0.014−0.009−0.009
 (0.019)(0.023)(0.020)(0.010)
 30.0040.0200.0150.002
 (0.023)(0.025)(0.018)(0.012)
 4−0.0040.0010.005−0.008
 (0.016)(0.020)(0.014)(0.008)
Adjusted R²0.3780.4260.1190.045
Number of observations590590590590
 Output per haOutput per workerHa per workerTechnical efficiency
Process innovation    
 Machinery and equipment in t0.007−0.016−0.022−0.021
 (0.022)(0.028)(0.018)(0.015)
  in t − 1 or t − 20.0040.0050.000−0.002
 (0.020)(0.022)(0.013)(0.011)
 Buildings in t−0.007−0.053−0.046−0.031
 (0.063)(0.054)(0.035)(0.030)
  in t − 1 or t − 2−0.015−0.0120.004−0.001
 (0.040)(0.037)(0.020)(0.022)
 Farm management, new techniques in t−0.0300.0160.046−0.034
 (0.056)(0.067)(0.035)(0.042)
  in t − 1 or t − 2−0.0100.0360.047**−0.005
 (0.052)(0.055)(0.020)(0.030)
 GPS systems in t0.0350.0530.0180.019
 (0.032)(0.042)(0.032)(0.017)
  in t − 1 or t − 2−0.0080.0380.046**0.003
 (0.029)(0.030)(0.019)(0.016)
Organizational and marketing innovation
 Business organization and management in t−0.020−0.0110.009−0.006
 (0.039)(0.042)(0.024)(0.018)
  in t − 1 or t − 20.0210.000−0.0210.000
 (0.024)(0.027)(0.015)(0.014)
 Other OM innovation in t0.0240.0430.0190.040
 (0.076)(0.066)(0.026)(0.047)
  in t − 1 or t − 2−0.009−0.024−0.0150.005
 (0.040)(0.049)(0.030)(0.031)
Product innovation in t−0.042−0.047−0.005−0.016
 (0.051)(0.048)(0.035)(0.019)
 in t − 1 or t − 20.0020.0520.050*0.008
 (0.043)(0.048)(0.027)(0.021)
Farm size0.224***0.537***0.313***0.149***
 (0.085)(0.078)(0.082)(0.041)
Degree of specialization0.148**0.233***0.0850.070**
 (0.074)(0.068)(0.057)(0.030)
Age of farmer−0.002−0.0020.000−0.003**
 (0.003)(0.003)(0.003)(0.001)
Age of farmer²0.0000.0000.0000.000**
 (0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)
Training−0.0270.0070.034−0.012
 (0.088)(0.077)(0.056)(0.053)
New manager−0.049−0.082−0.033−0.028
 (0.057)(0.052)(0.039)(0.033)
No successor−0.0100.0060.016−0.004
 (0.029)(0.027)(0.022)(0.010)
Year (2009 = base level)    
 20100.056−0.061−0.117***−0.007
 (0.039)(0.046)(0.037)(0.024)
 2011−0.335***−0.410***−0.075***0.005
 (0.043)(0.046)(0.026)(0.024)
 20120.296***0.229***−0.067**0.048**
 (0.036)(0.040)(0.026)(0.021)
 2013−0.368***−0.478***−0.110***−0.037*
 (0.038)(0.042)(0.031)(0.022)
 2014−0.141***−0.213***−0.072**−0.000
 (0.031)(0.037)(0.032)(0.018)
 20150.012−0.106**−0.118***0.009
 (0.037)(0.045)(0.028)(0.023)
 2016−0.225***−0.341***−0.117***−0.048**
 (0.049)(0.050)(0.031)(0.024)
 2017−0.101**−0.121***−0.0200.067**
 (0.049)(0.046)(0.032)(0.026)
Region (1 = base level)    
 2−0.005−0.014−0.009−0.009
 (0.019)(0.023)(0.020)(0.010)
 30.0040.0200.0150.002
 (0.023)(0.025)(0.018)(0.012)
 4−0.0040.0010.005−0.008
 (0.016)(0.020)(0.014)(0.008)
Adjusted R²0.3780.4260.1190.045
Number of observations590590590590

Note: Levels of statistical significance are 10% (*), 5% (**), and 1% (***).

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