Table 2. Open in new tab Longitudinal...

(A)
T₀ mean	12.30	3.20	5.55; 18.12	14.69	7.00	0.88; 27.68
Manifest means	37.05	3.09	31.29; 43.39	16.66	6.98	3.58; 30.21
Main effect of diagnostic group	−6.48	1.20	−8.78; −4.15	−9.39	0.97	−11.34; −7.55
Main effect of sex	1.75	1.02	−0.33; 3.75	0.20	0.83	−1.48; 1.87
Main effect of education	1.78	0.61	0.56; 2.97	0.51	0.49	−0.48; 1.47
Main effect of race	0.86	1.05	−1.14; 2.96	1.41	0.90	−0.33; 3.10

(A)

Parameter

Physical well-being

Resilience

\bar{X}

CI [2.5%; 97.5%]

\bar{X}

CI [2.5%; 97.5%]

T₀ mean

12.30

3.20

5.55; 18.12

14.69

7.00

0.88; 27.68

Manifest means

37.05

3.09

31.29; 43.39

16.66

6.98

3.58; 30.21

Main effect of diagnostic group

−6.48

1.20

−8.78; −4.15

−9.39

0.97

−11.34; −7.55

Main effect of sex

1.75

1.02

−0.33; 3.75

0.20

0.83

−1.48; 1.87

Main effect of education

1.78

0.61

0.56; 2.97

0.51

0.49

−0.48; 1.47

Main effect of race

0.86

1.05

−1.14; 2.96

1.41

0.90

−0.33; 3.10

(A)
T₀ mean	12.30	3.20	5.55; 18.12	14.69	7.00	0.88; 27.68
Manifest means	37.05	3.09	31.29; 43.39	16.66	6.98	3.58; 30.21
Main effect of diagnostic group	−6.48	1.20	−8.78; −4.15	−9.39	0.97	−11.34; −7.55
Main effect of sex	1.75	1.02	−0.33; 3.75	0.20	0.83	−1.48; 1.87
Main effect of education	1.78	0.61	0.56; 2.97	0.51	0.49	−0.48; 1.47
Main effect of race	0.86	1.05	−1.14; 2.96	1.41	0.90	−0.33; 3.10

(B)
T₀ mean	39.69	3.29	33.32; 46.58	15.06	2.05	11.06; 19.11
Manifest means	−9.54	3.30	−16.09; −3.07	16.24	1.89	12.65; 20.08
Main effect of diagnostic group	3.40	0.83	1.75; 5.08	−9.29	1.01	−11.28; −7.24
Main effect of sex	−2.03	0.71	−3.36; −0.57	0.28	0.87	−1.46; 1.91
Main effect of education	−1.33	0.31	−1.95; −0.74	0.51	0.37	−0.24; 1.20
Main effect of race	−1.90	0.72	−3.28; −0.48	1.34	0.88	−0.36; 3.14

(B)

Parameter

Obesity (BMI)

Resilience

\bar{X}

CI [2.5%; 97.5%]

\bar{X}

CI [2.5%; 97.5%]

T₀ mean

39.69

3.29

33.32; 46.58

15.06

2.05

11.06; 19.11

Manifest means

−9.54

3.30

−16.09; −3.07

16.24

1.89

12.65; 20.08

Main effect of diagnostic group

3.40

0.83

1.75; 5.08

−9.29

1.01

−11.28; −7.24

Main effect of sex

−2.03

0.71

−3.36; −0.57

0.28

0.87

−1.46; 1.91

Main effect of education

−1.33

0.31

−1.95; −0.74

0.51

0.37

−0.24; 1.20

Main effect of race

−1.90

0.72

−3.28; −0.48

1.34

0.88

−0.36; 3.14

(B)
T₀ mean	39.69	3.29	33.32; 46.58	15.06	2.05	11.06; 19.11
Manifest means	−9.54	3.30	−16.09; −3.07	16.24	1.89	12.65; 20.08
Main effect of diagnostic group	3.40	0.83	1.75; 5.08	−9.29	1.01	−11.28; −7.24
Main effect of sex	−2.03	0.71	−3.36; −0.57	0.28	0.87	−1.46; 1.91
Main effect of education	−1.33	0.31	−1.95; −0.74	0.51	0.37	−0.24; 1.20
Main effect of race	−1.90	0.72	−3.28; −0.48	1.34	0.88	−0.36; 3.14

(C)
T₀ mean	7.00	0.16	6.70; 7.33	16.26	5.05	6.72; 26.04
Manifest means	−5.23	0.17	−5.56; −4.91	14.72	5.05	4.75; 24.26
Main effect of diagnostic group	0.064	0.020	0.026; 0.11	−8.87	1.03	−10.84; −6.80
Main effect of sex	−0.010	0.018	−0.044; 0.025	0.31	0.86	−1.36; 1.96
Main effect of education	−0.0072	0.0064	−0.020; 0.0062	0.71	0.49	−0.29; 1.65
Main effect of race	−0.075	0.018	−0.11; −0.039	1.33	0.81	−0.16; 2.98

(C)

Parameter

Hemoglobin A1c

Resilience

\bar{X}

CI [2.5%; 97.5%]

\bar{X}

CI [2.5%; 97.5%]

T₀ mean

7.00

0.16

6.70; 7.33

16.26

5.05

6.72; 26.04

Manifest means

−5.23

0.17

−5.56; −4.91

14.72

5.05

4.75; 24.26

Main effect of diagnostic group

0.064

0.020

0.026; 0.11

−8.87

1.03

−10.84; −6.80

Main effect of sex

−0.010

0.018

−0.044; 0.025

0.31

0.86

−1.36; 1.96

Main effect of education

−0.0072

0.0064

−0.020; 0.0062

0.71

0.49

−0.29; 1.65

Main effect of race

−0.075

0.018

−0.11; −0.039

1.33

0.81

−0.16; 2.98

(C)
T₀ mean	7.00	0.16	6.70; 7.33	16.26	5.05	6.72; 26.04
Manifest means	−5.23	0.17	−5.56; −4.91	14.72	5.05	4.75; 24.26
Main effect of diagnostic group	0.064	0.020	0.026; 0.11	−8.87	1.03	−10.84; −6.80
Main effect of sex	−0.010	0.018	−0.044; 0.025	0.31	0.86	−1.36; 1.96
Main effect of education	−0.0072	0.0064	−0.020; 0.0062	0.71	0.49	−0.29; 1.65
Main effect of race	−0.075	0.018	−0.11; −0.039	1.33	0.81	−0.16; 2.98

Table 2.

Open in new tab

Longitudinal Relationships Between Resilience Characteristics and Physical Health Outcomes

(A)
Parameter	Physical well-being			Resilience
Parameter	$\bar{X}$	SD	CI [2.5%; 97.5%]	$\bar{X}$	SD	CI [2.5%; 97.5%]
T₀ mean	12.30	3.20	5.55; 18.12	14.69	7.00	0.88; 27.68
Manifest means	37.05	3.09	31.29; 43.39	16.66	6.98	3.58; 30.21
Main effect of diagnostic group	−6.48	1.20	−8.78; −4.15	−9.39	0.97	−11.34; −7.55
Main effect of sex	1.75	1.02	−0.33; 3.75	0.20	0.83	−1.48; 1.87
Main effect of education	1.78	0.61	0.56; 2.97	0.51	0.49	−0.48; 1.47
Main effect of race	0.86	1.05	−1.14; 2.96	1.41	0.90	−0.33; 3.10

(A)
Parameter	Physical well-being			Resilience
Parameter	$\bar{X}$	SD	CI [2.5%; 97.5%]	$\bar{X}$	SD	CI [2.5%; 97.5%]
T₀ mean	12.30	3.20	5.55; 18.12	14.69	7.00	0.88; 27.68
Manifest means	37.05	3.09	31.29; 43.39	16.66	6.98	3.58; 30.21
Main effect of diagnostic group	−6.48	1.20	−8.78; −4.15	−9.39	0.97	−11.34; −7.55
Main effect of sex	1.75	1.02	−0.33; 3.75	0.20	0.83	−1.48; 1.87
Main effect of education	1.78	0.61	0.56; 2.97	0.51	0.49	−0.48; 1.47
Main effect of race	0.86	1.05	−1.14; 2.96	1.41	0.90	−0.33; 3.10

(B)
Parameter	Obesity (BMI)			Resilience
Parameter	$\bar{X}$	SD	CI [2.5%; 97.5%]	$\bar{X}$	SD	CI [2.5%; 97.5%]
T₀ mean	39.69	3.29	33.32; 46.58	15.06	2.05	11.06; 19.11
Manifest means	−9.54	3.30	−16.09; −3.07	16.24	1.89	12.65; 20.08
Main effect of diagnostic group	3.40	0.83	1.75; 5.08	−9.29	1.01	−11.28; −7.24
Main effect of sex	−2.03	0.71	−3.36; −0.57	0.28	0.87	−1.46; 1.91
Main effect of education	−1.33	0.31	−1.95; −0.74	0.51	0.37	−0.24; 1.20
Main effect of race	−1.90	0.72	−3.28; −0.48	1.34	0.88	−0.36; 3.14

(B)
Parameter	Obesity (BMI)			Resilience
Parameter	$\bar{X}$	SD	CI [2.5%; 97.5%]	$\bar{X}$	SD	CI [2.5%; 97.5%]
T₀ mean	39.69	3.29	33.32; 46.58	15.06	2.05	11.06; 19.11
Manifest means	−9.54	3.30	−16.09; −3.07	16.24	1.89	12.65; 20.08
Main effect of diagnostic group	3.40	0.83	1.75; 5.08	−9.29	1.01	−11.28; −7.24
Main effect of sex	−2.03	0.71	−3.36; −0.57	0.28	0.87	−1.46; 1.91
Main effect of education	−1.33	0.31	−1.95; −0.74	0.51	0.37	−0.24; 1.20
Main effect of race	−1.90	0.72	−3.28; −0.48	1.34	0.88	−0.36; 3.14

(C)
Parameter	Hemoglobin A1c			Resilience
Parameter	$\bar{X}$	SD	CI [2.5%; 97.5%]	$\bar{X}$	SD	CI [2.5%; 97.5%]
T₀ mean	7.00	0.16	6.70; 7.33	16.26	5.05	6.72; 26.04
Manifest means	−5.23	0.17	−5.56; −4.91	14.72	5.05	4.75; 24.26
Main effect of diagnostic group	0.064	0.020	0.026; 0.11	−8.87	1.03	−10.84; −6.80
Main effect of sex	−0.010	0.018	−0.044; 0.025	0.31	0.86	−1.36; 1.96
Main effect of education	−0.0072	0.0064	−0.020; 0.0062	0.71	0.49	−0.29; 1.65
Main effect of race	−0.075	0.018	−0.11; −0.039	1.33	0.81	−0.16; 2.98

(C)
Parameter	Hemoglobin A1c			Resilience
Parameter	$\bar{X}$	SD	CI [2.5%; 97.5%]	$\bar{X}$	SD	CI [2.5%; 97.5%]
T₀ mean	7.00	0.16	6.70; 7.33	16.26	5.05	6.72; 26.04
Manifest means	−5.23	0.17	−5.56; −4.91	14.72	5.05	4.75; 24.26
Main effect of diagnostic group	0.064	0.020	0.026; 0.11	−8.87	1.03	−10.84; −6.80
Main effect of sex	−0.010	0.018	−0.044; 0.025	0.31	0.86	−1.36; 1.96
Main effect of education	−0.0072	0.0064	−0.020; 0.0062	0.71	0.49	−0.29; 1.65
Main effect of race	−0.075	0.018	−0.11; −0.039	1.33	0.81	−0.16; 2.98

The means, SDs, and posterior credibility intervals for means of estimated population distributions for the CTSEM models are shown for resilience with the following outcomes: physical well-being (A), obesity or BMI (B), and hemoglobin A1c levels (C). Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CTSEM, Continuous-Time Structural Equation Model.

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only