| Scale/Item . |
|---|
| Attitudes Toward Using Force (Cronbach’s α = 0.70) ‘Opinions about Use of Force’ 1 = Strongly Disagree; 2 = Disagree; 3 = Neutral; 4 = Agree; 5 = Strongly Agree |
| Police officers should use more force to get citizens to comply |
| Police officers are often in situations where it is more appropriate to use physical force than to keep on talking to a person |
| Some people can only be brought to reason the hard, physical way |
| Sometimes forceful police actions are very educational for civilians |
| Use of force should be the last resort for police officers (REVERSE) |
| Warrior Mindset (Cronbach’s α = 0.76) ‘Expectation of Police Role: How important do you believe this function is to the police role?’ 1 = Not Very Important; 2 = Somewhat Important; 3 = Very Important |
| Arrest offenders |
| Conduct drug raids |
| Maintaining crowd control |
| Stopping and searching suspects |
| Controlling traffic |
| Controlling crowds at public events |
| Guardian Mindset (Cronbach’s α = 0.77) ‘Expectation of Police Role: How important do you believe this function is to the police role?’ 1 = Not Very Important; 2 = Somewhat Important; 3 = Very Important |
| Working with community to make neighborhoods safer |
| Talking to the community to help identify problems |
| Conducting foot patrol |
| Providing crime prevention education to the public |
| Cautioning juveniles |
| Procedural Justice (Cronbach’s α = 0.85) ‘Traffic Stop’ 1 = Very Low Priority; 2 = Low Priority; 3 = Some Priority; 4 = High Priority; 5 = Very High Priority |
| Be respectful when dealing with the driver |
| Stay calm even if the driver yells at you |
| Acknowledge the driver’s feeling |
| Explain to the driver why you stopped the |
| Let the driver tell his or her side of the story |
| Try to answer all the driver’s questions |
| Explain the process for paying the tickets or going to court |
| Community Cynicism (Cronbach’s α = 0.67) ‘Opinions about Community and Police’ 1 = Strongly Disagree; 2 = Disagree; 3 = Neutral; 4 = Agree; 5 = Strongly Agree |
| Many people in society are liars and cheaters |
| Many people in society will harm you if you give them the opportunity |
| In general, you should be suspicious of people rather than give them the benefit of the doubt |
| Many residents try to make us look bad |
| You get tired of listening to citizens complain about everything |
| Use of Force Integrity (Cronbach’s α = 0.78) ‘Police Integrity’ 1 = Not Serious At All; 2 = Not Very Serious; 3 = Somewhat Serious; 4 = Very Serious |
| Using force to send a message to someone with an attitude |
| Failing to report an incident of excessive force by a fellow officer |
| Using force to coerce a confession from a suspect |
| Covering up an incident of excessive force by a fellow officer |
| Scale/Item . |
|---|
| Attitudes Toward Using Force (Cronbach’s α = 0.70) ‘Opinions about Use of Force’ 1 = Strongly Disagree; 2 = Disagree; 3 = Neutral; 4 = Agree; 5 = Strongly Agree |
| Police officers should use more force to get citizens to comply |
| Police officers are often in situations where it is more appropriate to use physical force than to keep on talking to a person |
| Some people can only be brought to reason the hard, physical way |
| Sometimes forceful police actions are very educational for civilians |
| Use of force should be the last resort for police officers (REVERSE) |
| Warrior Mindset (Cronbach’s α = 0.76) ‘Expectation of Police Role: How important do you believe this function is to the police role?’ 1 = Not Very Important; 2 = Somewhat Important; 3 = Very Important |
| Arrest offenders |
| Conduct drug raids |
| Maintaining crowd control |
| Stopping and searching suspects |
| Controlling traffic |
| Controlling crowds at public events |
| Guardian Mindset (Cronbach’s α = 0.77) ‘Expectation of Police Role: How important do you believe this function is to the police role?’ 1 = Not Very Important; 2 = Somewhat Important; 3 = Very Important |
| Working with community to make neighborhoods safer |
| Talking to the community to help identify problems |
| Conducting foot patrol |
| Providing crime prevention education to the public |
| Cautioning juveniles |
| Procedural Justice (Cronbach’s α = 0.85) ‘Traffic Stop’ 1 = Very Low Priority; 2 = Low Priority; 3 = Some Priority; 4 = High Priority; 5 = Very High Priority |
| Be respectful when dealing with the driver |
| Stay calm even if the driver yells at you |
| Acknowledge the driver’s feeling |
| Explain to the driver why you stopped the |
| Let the driver tell his or her side of the story |
| Try to answer all the driver’s questions |
| Explain the process for paying the tickets or going to court |
| Community Cynicism (Cronbach’s α = 0.67) ‘Opinions about Community and Police’ 1 = Strongly Disagree; 2 = Disagree; 3 = Neutral; 4 = Agree; 5 = Strongly Agree |
| Many people in society are liars and cheaters |
| Many people in society will harm you if you give them the opportunity |
| In general, you should be suspicious of people rather than give them the benefit of the doubt |
| Many residents try to make us look bad |
| You get tired of listening to citizens complain about everything |
| Use of Force Integrity (Cronbach’s α = 0.78) ‘Police Integrity’ 1 = Not Serious At All; 2 = Not Very Serious; 3 = Somewhat Serious; 4 = Very Serious |
| Using force to send a message to someone with an attitude |
| Failing to report an incident of excessive force by a fellow officer |
| Using force to coerce a confession from a suspect |
| Covering up an incident of excessive force by a fellow officer |
| Scale/Item . |
|---|
| Attitudes Toward Using Force (Cronbach’s α = 0.70) ‘Opinions about Use of Force’ 1 = Strongly Disagree; 2 = Disagree; 3 = Neutral; 4 = Agree; 5 = Strongly Agree |
| Police officers should use more force to get citizens to comply |
| Police officers are often in situations where it is more appropriate to use physical force than to keep on talking to a person |
| Some people can only be brought to reason the hard, physical way |
| Sometimes forceful police actions are very educational for civilians |
| Use of force should be the last resort for police officers (REVERSE) |
| Warrior Mindset (Cronbach’s α = 0.76) ‘Expectation of Police Role: How important do you believe this function is to the police role?’ 1 = Not Very Important; 2 = Somewhat Important; 3 = Very Important |
| Arrest offenders |
| Conduct drug raids |
| Maintaining crowd control |
| Stopping and searching suspects |
| Controlling traffic |
| Controlling crowds at public events |
| Guardian Mindset (Cronbach’s α = 0.77) ‘Expectation of Police Role: How important do you believe this function is to the police role?’ 1 = Not Very Important; 2 = Somewhat Important; 3 = Very Important |
| Working with community to make neighborhoods safer |
| Talking to the community to help identify problems |
| Conducting foot patrol |
| Providing crime prevention education to the public |
| Cautioning juveniles |
| Procedural Justice (Cronbach’s α = 0.85) ‘Traffic Stop’ 1 = Very Low Priority; 2 = Low Priority; 3 = Some Priority; 4 = High Priority; 5 = Very High Priority |
| Be respectful when dealing with the driver |
| Stay calm even if the driver yells at you |
| Acknowledge the driver’s feeling |
| Explain to the driver why you stopped the |
| Let the driver tell his or her side of the story |
| Try to answer all the driver’s questions |
| Explain the process for paying the tickets or going to court |
| Community Cynicism (Cronbach’s α = 0.67) ‘Opinions about Community and Police’ 1 = Strongly Disagree; 2 = Disagree; 3 = Neutral; 4 = Agree; 5 = Strongly Agree |
| Many people in society are liars and cheaters |
| Many people in society will harm you if you give them the opportunity |
| In general, you should be suspicious of people rather than give them the benefit of the doubt |
| Many residents try to make us look bad |
| You get tired of listening to citizens complain about everything |
| Use of Force Integrity (Cronbach’s α = 0.78) ‘Police Integrity’ 1 = Not Serious At All; 2 = Not Very Serious; 3 = Somewhat Serious; 4 = Very Serious |
| Using force to send a message to someone with an attitude |
| Failing to report an incident of excessive force by a fellow officer |
| Using force to coerce a confession from a suspect |
| Covering up an incident of excessive force by a fellow officer |
| Scale/Item . |
|---|
| Attitudes Toward Using Force (Cronbach’s α = 0.70) ‘Opinions about Use of Force’ 1 = Strongly Disagree; 2 = Disagree; 3 = Neutral; 4 = Agree; 5 = Strongly Agree |
| Police officers should use more force to get citizens to comply |
| Police officers are often in situations where it is more appropriate to use physical force than to keep on talking to a person |
| Some people can only be brought to reason the hard, physical way |
| Sometimes forceful police actions are very educational for civilians |
| Use of force should be the last resort for police officers (REVERSE) |
| Warrior Mindset (Cronbach’s α = 0.76) ‘Expectation of Police Role: How important do you believe this function is to the police role?’ 1 = Not Very Important; 2 = Somewhat Important; 3 = Very Important |
| Arrest offenders |
| Conduct drug raids |
| Maintaining crowd control |
| Stopping and searching suspects |
| Controlling traffic |
| Controlling crowds at public events |
| Guardian Mindset (Cronbach’s α = 0.77) ‘Expectation of Police Role: How important do you believe this function is to the police role?’ 1 = Not Very Important; 2 = Somewhat Important; 3 = Very Important |
| Working with community to make neighborhoods safer |
| Talking to the community to help identify problems |
| Conducting foot patrol |
| Providing crime prevention education to the public |
| Cautioning juveniles |
| Procedural Justice (Cronbach’s α = 0.85) ‘Traffic Stop’ 1 = Very Low Priority; 2 = Low Priority; 3 = Some Priority; 4 = High Priority; 5 = Very High Priority |
| Be respectful when dealing with the driver |
| Stay calm even if the driver yells at you |
| Acknowledge the driver’s feeling |
| Explain to the driver why you stopped the |
| Let the driver tell his or her side of the story |
| Try to answer all the driver’s questions |
| Explain the process for paying the tickets or going to court |
| Community Cynicism (Cronbach’s α = 0.67) ‘Opinions about Community and Police’ 1 = Strongly Disagree; 2 = Disagree; 3 = Neutral; 4 = Agree; 5 = Strongly Agree |
| Many people in society are liars and cheaters |
| Many people in society will harm you if you give them the opportunity |
| In general, you should be suspicious of people rather than give them the benefit of the doubt |
| Many residents try to make us look bad |
| You get tired of listening to citizens complain about everything |
| Use of Force Integrity (Cronbach’s α = 0.78) ‘Police Integrity’ 1 = Not Serious At All; 2 = Not Very Serious; 3 = Somewhat Serious; 4 = Very Serious |
| Using force to send a message to someone with an attitude |
| Failing to report an incident of excessive force by a fellow officer |
| Using force to coerce a confession from a suspect |
| Covering up an incident of excessive force by a fellow officer |
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only
View Article Abstract & Purchase OptionsFor full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.
