Impact of sanitary pad distribution on sanitary pads, LPNs, and cloth and hygienic methods usage
| . | Sanitary pad . | LPNs . | Cloth . | Hygienic methods . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Age 15–19 years . | Age 20–24 years . | Age 15–19 years . | Age 20–24 years . | Age 15–19 years . | Age 20–24 years . | Age 15–19 years . | Age 20–24 years . |
| Impact (Treat × Post) | 0.106 (0.046, 0.167) | 0.059 (0.004, 0.114) | 0.060 (0.006, 0.114) | 0.062 (0.011, 0.113) | −0.005 (−0.080, 0.071) | −0.016 (−0.088, 0.055) | 0.138 (0.087, 0.188) | 0.10 (0.048, 0.158) |
| Post | 0.160 (0.120, 0.199) | 0.198 (0.159, 0.238) | −0.059 (−0.089, –0.030) | −0.053 (−0.092, −0.014) | −0.136 (−0.202, –0.069) | −0.130 (−0.193, −0.067) | 0.101 (0.065, 0.136) | 0.142 (0.103, 0.180) |
| Age | −0.002 (−0.008, 0.004) | −0.006 (−0.012, 0.000) | 0.004 (−0.000, 0.008) | −0.001 (−0.005, 0.003) | −0.003 (−0.009, 0.003) | 0.003 (−0.002, 0.009) | 0.003 (−0.003, 0.009) | −0.005 (−0.010, 0.001) |
| Wealth index (ref.: poorest) | ||||||||
| Poorer | 0.099 (0.076, 0.122) | 0.086 (0.064, 0.108) | −0.010 (−0.027, 0.007) | −0.000 (−0.018, 0.017) | −0.053 (−0.080, −0.027) | −0.044 (−0.073, –0.015) | 0.086 (0.060, 0.113) | 0.080 (0.058, 0.102) |
| Middle | 0.164 (0.132, 0.195) | 0.175 (0.142, 0.208) | 0.004 (−0.021, 0.029) | 0.005 (−0.015, 0.025) | −0.142 (−0.180, −0.104) | −0.120 (−0.155, −0.086) | 0.161 (0.125, 0.197) | 0.178 (0.148, 0.209) |
| Richer | 0.254 (0.215, 0.293) | 0.221 (0.187, 0.256) | 0.024 (−0.011, 0.059) | 0.018 (−0.013, 0.048) | −0.238 (−0.284, –0.191) | −0.236 (−0.288, –0.183) | 0.270 (0.232, 0.308) | 0.243 (0.207, 0.279) |
| Richest | 0.277 (0.220, 0.335) | 0.286 (0.233, 0.339) | −0.017 (−0.072, 0.038) | −0.007 (−0.053, 0.039) | −0.316 (−0.392, −0.241) | −0.356 (−0.418, −0.293) | 0.262 (0.208, 0.316) | 0.290 (0.236, 0.345) |
| Caste (ref.: Scheduled Caste) | ||||||||
| Scheduled Tribe | 0.037 (−0.002, 0.076) | 0.025 (−0.008, 0.057) | 0.005 (−0.025, 0.035) | 0.013 (−0.014, 0.040) | −0.045 (−0.079, −0.011) | −0.038 (−0.078, 0.002) | 0.053 (0.018, 0.088) | 0.041 (0.007, 0.075) |
| OBC | 0.042 (0.003, 0.081) | 0.028 (−0.010, 0.067) | −0.021 (−0.055, 0.014) | −0.005 (−0.034, 0.023) | −0.017 (−0.051, 0.017) | −0.007 (−0.042, 0.028) | 0.023 (−0.013, 0.059) | 0.028 (−0.007, 0.063) |
| Upper caste | 0.040 (−0.006, 0.086) | 0.037 (−0.005, 0.080) | −0.037 (−0.073, −0.001) | −0.014 (−0.045, 0.017) | −0.008 (−0.049, 0.033) | −0.008 (−0.046, 0.030) | 0.024 (−0.018, 0.066) | 0.034 (−0.002, 0.069) |
| Don’t know caste | −0.015 (−0.149, 0.118) | 0.025 (−0.104, 0.153) | −0.014 (−0.086, 0.058) | −0.016 (−0.066, 0.033) | −0.009 (−0.157, 0.140) | −0.044 (−0.190, 0.102) | −0.022 (−0.157, 0.112) | 0.029 (−0.103, 0.160) |
| Education (ref.: no education) | ||||||||
| Primary | 0.044 (−0.004, 0.092) | 0.044 (0.001, 0.088) | −0.002 (−0.033, 0.028) | 0.009 (−0.015, 0.034) | −0.034 (−0.076, 0.007) | −0.009 (−0.042, 0.025) | 0.028 (−0.018, 0.074) | 0.055 (0.015, 0.095) |
| Secondary | 0.158 (0.108, 0.208) | 0.155 (0.120, 0.190) | 0.037 (0.008, 0.066) | 0.039 (0.017, 0.061) | −0.097 (−0.140, –0.054) | −0.074 (−0.101, −0.047) | 0.177 (0.124, 0.230) | 0.185 (0.150, 0.220) |
| Higher | 0.184 (0.117, 0.252) | 0.221 (0.171, 0.271) | 0.049 (−0.004, 0.103) | 0.064 (0.033, 0.095) | −0.200 (−0.276, –0.125) | −0.169 (−0.211, −0.127) | 0.215 (0.158, 0.271) | 0.261 (0.217, 0.304) |
| Media exposure | 0.096 (0.068, 0.125) | 0.089 (0.062, 0.115) | 0.039 (0.021, 0.058) | 0.026 (0.004, 0.048) | −0.046 | −0.048 (−0.071, –0.026) | 0.134 (0.108, 0.161) | 0.121 (0.094, 0.149) |
| (−0.071, –0.020) | ||||||||
| Marital home | −0.030 (−0.073, 0.013) | −0.029 (−0.065, 0.007) | 0.033 (−0.007, 0.073) | −0.011 (−0.035, 0.013) | 0.004 (−0.047, 0.054) | 0.005 (−0.034, 0.043) | 0.013 (−0.036, 0.062) | −0.037 (−0.070, −0.004) |
| Autonomy | 0.031 (−0.005, 0.068) | 0.011 (−0.017, 0.039) | −0.000 (−0.024, 0.024) | 0.008 (−0.017, 0.034) | 0.030 (−0.005, 0.065) | 0.007 (−0.020, 0.035) | 0.033 (0.002, 0.064) | 0.001 (−0.024, 0.027) |
| Married | −0.035 (−0.082, 0.012) | −0.052 (−0.086, −0.017) | −0.046 (−0.091, −0.002) | 0.012 (−0.016, 0.039) | 0.023 (−0.024, 0.071) | 0.011 (−0.031, 0.053) | −0.095 (−0.146, −0.043) | −0.042 (−0.077, −0.008) |
| Ovulatory knowledge | 0.054 (0.022, 0.086) | 0.039 (0.007, 0.070) | −0.010 (−0.039, 0.019) | −0.005 (−0.021, 0.010) | −0.004 (−0.044, 0.037) | 0.003 (−0.023, 0.029) | 0.055 (0.031, 0.080) | 0.036 (0.013, 0.058) |
| Menarche age | 0.027 (0.015, 0.039) | 0.025 (0.014, 0.035) | −0.017 (−0.029, −0.006) | −0.024 (−0.039, −0.010) | −0.008 (−0.020, 0.005) | 0.004 (−0.011, 0.019) | 0.012 (0.002, 0.023) | 0.000 (−0.010, 0.010) |
| Met worker | 0.018 (−0.016, 0.051) | −0.008 (−0.031, 0.015) | 0.010 (−0.014, 0.034) | 0.007 (−0.010, 0.024) | −0.031 (−0.074, 0.011) | 0.021 (−0.001, 0.044) | 0.038 (0.001, 0.074) | −0.001 (−0.023, 0.022) |
| Toilet type | 0.056 (0.018, 0.093) | −0.017 (−0.051, 0.016) | −0.018 | −0.006 (−0.035, 0.023) | −0.006 (−0.049, 0.038) | 0.018 (−0.019, 0.054) | 0.019 (−0.024, 0.063) | −0.039 (−0.077, −0.001) |
| (−0.048, 0.012) | ||||||||
| Constant | −0.249 (−0.450, −0.047) | −0.039 (−0.218, 0.140) | 0.244 (0.086, 0.402) | 0.394 (0.186, 0.601) | 1.122 (0.944, 1.300) | 0.800 (0.545, 1.056) | −0.018 (−0.211, 0.175) | 0.326 (0.154, 0.497) |
| Observations | 21 107 | 21 009 | 21 107 | 21 009 | 21 107 | 21 009 | 21 107 | 21 009 |
| r2 | 0.232 | 0.254 | 0.060 | 0.069 | 0.170 | 0.193 | 0.206 | 0.240 |
| . | Sanitary pad . | LPNs . | Cloth . | Hygienic methods . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Age 15–19 years . | Age 20–24 years . | Age 15–19 years . | Age 20–24 years . | Age 15–19 years . | Age 20–24 years . | Age 15–19 years . | Age 20–24 years . |
| Impact (Treat × Post) | 0.106 (0.046, 0.167) | 0.059 (0.004, 0.114) | 0.060 (0.006, 0.114) | 0.062 (0.011, 0.113) | −0.005 (−0.080, 0.071) | −0.016 (−0.088, 0.055) | 0.138 (0.087, 0.188) | 0.10 (0.048, 0.158) |
| Post | 0.160 (0.120, 0.199) | 0.198 (0.159, 0.238) | −0.059 (−0.089, –0.030) | −0.053 (−0.092, −0.014) | −0.136 (−0.202, –0.069) | −0.130 (−0.193, −0.067) | 0.101 (0.065, 0.136) | 0.142 (0.103, 0.180) |
| Age | −0.002 (−0.008, 0.004) | −0.006 (−0.012, 0.000) | 0.004 (−0.000, 0.008) | −0.001 (−0.005, 0.003) | −0.003 (−0.009, 0.003) | 0.003 (−0.002, 0.009) | 0.003 (−0.003, 0.009) | −0.005 (−0.010, 0.001) |
| Wealth index (ref.: poorest) | ||||||||
| Poorer | 0.099 (0.076, 0.122) | 0.086 (0.064, 0.108) | −0.010 (−0.027, 0.007) | −0.000 (−0.018, 0.017) | −0.053 (−0.080, −0.027) | −0.044 (−0.073, –0.015) | 0.086 (0.060, 0.113) | 0.080 (0.058, 0.102) |
| Middle | 0.164 (0.132, 0.195) | 0.175 (0.142, 0.208) | 0.004 (−0.021, 0.029) | 0.005 (−0.015, 0.025) | −0.142 (−0.180, −0.104) | −0.120 (−0.155, −0.086) | 0.161 (0.125, 0.197) | 0.178 (0.148, 0.209) |
| Richer | 0.254 (0.215, 0.293) | 0.221 (0.187, 0.256) | 0.024 (−0.011, 0.059) | 0.018 (−0.013, 0.048) | −0.238 (−0.284, –0.191) | −0.236 (−0.288, –0.183) | 0.270 (0.232, 0.308) | 0.243 (0.207, 0.279) |
| Richest | 0.277 (0.220, 0.335) | 0.286 (0.233, 0.339) | −0.017 (−0.072, 0.038) | −0.007 (−0.053, 0.039) | −0.316 (−0.392, −0.241) | −0.356 (−0.418, −0.293) | 0.262 (0.208, 0.316) | 0.290 (0.236, 0.345) |
| Caste (ref.: Scheduled Caste) | ||||||||
| Scheduled Tribe | 0.037 (−0.002, 0.076) | 0.025 (−0.008, 0.057) | 0.005 (−0.025, 0.035) | 0.013 (−0.014, 0.040) | −0.045 (−0.079, −0.011) | −0.038 (−0.078, 0.002) | 0.053 (0.018, 0.088) | 0.041 (0.007, 0.075) |
| OBC | 0.042 (0.003, 0.081) | 0.028 (−0.010, 0.067) | −0.021 (−0.055, 0.014) | −0.005 (−0.034, 0.023) | −0.017 (−0.051, 0.017) | −0.007 (−0.042, 0.028) | 0.023 (−0.013, 0.059) | 0.028 (−0.007, 0.063) |
| Upper caste | 0.040 (−0.006, 0.086) | 0.037 (−0.005, 0.080) | −0.037 (−0.073, −0.001) | −0.014 (−0.045, 0.017) | −0.008 (−0.049, 0.033) | −0.008 (−0.046, 0.030) | 0.024 (−0.018, 0.066) | 0.034 (−0.002, 0.069) |
| Don’t know caste | −0.015 (−0.149, 0.118) | 0.025 (−0.104, 0.153) | −0.014 (−0.086, 0.058) | −0.016 (−0.066, 0.033) | −0.009 (−0.157, 0.140) | −0.044 (−0.190, 0.102) | −0.022 (−0.157, 0.112) | 0.029 (−0.103, 0.160) |
| Education (ref.: no education) | ||||||||
| Primary | 0.044 (−0.004, 0.092) | 0.044 (0.001, 0.088) | −0.002 (−0.033, 0.028) | 0.009 (−0.015, 0.034) | −0.034 (−0.076, 0.007) | −0.009 (−0.042, 0.025) | 0.028 (−0.018, 0.074) | 0.055 (0.015, 0.095) |
| Secondary | 0.158 (0.108, 0.208) | 0.155 (0.120, 0.190) | 0.037 (0.008, 0.066) | 0.039 (0.017, 0.061) | −0.097 (−0.140, –0.054) | −0.074 (−0.101, −0.047) | 0.177 (0.124, 0.230) | 0.185 (0.150, 0.220) |
| Higher | 0.184 (0.117, 0.252) | 0.221 (0.171, 0.271) | 0.049 (−0.004, 0.103) | 0.064 (0.033, 0.095) | −0.200 (−0.276, –0.125) | −0.169 (−0.211, −0.127) | 0.215 (0.158, 0.271) | 0.261 (0.217, 0.304) |
| Media exposure | 0.096 (0.068, 0.125) | 0.089 (0.062, 0.115) | 0.039 (0.021, 0.058) | 0.026 (0.004, 0.048) | −0.046 | −0.048 (−0.071, –0.026) | 0.134 (0.108, 0.161) | 0.121 (0.094, 0.149) |
| (−0.071, –0.020) | ||||||||
| Marital home | −0.030 (−0.073, 0.013) | −0.029 (−0.065, 0.007) | 0.033 (−0.007, 0.073) | −0.011 (−0.035, 0.013) | 0.004 (−0.047, 0.054) | 0.005 (−0.034, 0.043) | 0.013 (−0.036, 0.062) | −0.037 (−0.070, −0.004) |
| Autonomy | 0.031 (−0.005, 0.068) | 0.011 (−0.017, 0.039) | −0.000 (−0.024, 0.024) | 0.008 (−0.017, 0.034) | 0.030 (−0.005, 0.065) | 0.007 (−0.020, 0.035) | 0.033 (0.002, 0.064) | 0.001 (−0.024, 0.027) |
| Married | −0.035 (−0.082, 0.012) | −0.052 (−0.086, −0.017) | −0.046 (−0.091, −0.002) | 0.012 (−0.016, 0.039) | 0.023 (−0.024, 0.071) | 0.011 (−0.031, 0.053) | −0.095 (−0.146, −0.043) | −0.042 (−0.077, −0.008) |
| Ovulatory knowledge | 0.054 (0.022, 0.086) | 0.039 (0.007, 0.070) | −0.010 (−0.039, 0.019) | −0.005 (−0.021, 0.010) | −0.004 (−0.044, 0.037) | 0.003 (−0.023, 0.029) | 0.055 (0.031, 0.080) | 0.036 (0.013, 0.058) |
| Menarche age | 0.027 (0.015, 0.039) | 0.025 (0.014, 0.035) | −0.017 (−0.029, −0.006) | −0.024 (−0.039, −0.010) | −0.008 (−0.020, 0.005) | 0.004 (−0.011, 0.019) | 0.012 (0.002, 0.023) | 0.000 (−0.010, 0.010) |
| Met worker | 0.018 (−0.016, 0.051) | −0.008 (−0.031, 0.015) | 0.010 (−0.014, 0.034) | 0.007 (−0.010, 0.024) | −0.031 (−0.074, 0.011) | 0.021 (−0.001, 0.044) | 0.038 (0.001, 0.074) | −0.001 (−0.023, 0.022) |
| Toilet type | 0.056 (0.018, 0.093) | −0.017 (−0.051, 0.016) | −0.018 | −0.006 (−0.035, 0.023) | −0.006 (−0.049, 0.038) | 0.018 (−0.019, 0.054) | 0.019 (−0.024, 0.063) | −0.039 (−0.077, −0.001) |
| (−0.048, 0.012) | ||||||||
| Constant | −0.249 (−0.450, −0.047) | −0.039 (−0.218, 0.140) | 0.244 (0.086, 0.402) | 0.394 (0.186, 0.601) | 1.122 (0.944, 1.300) | 0.800 (0.545, 1.056) | −0.018 (−0.211, 0.175) | 0.326 (0.154, 0.497) |
| Observations | 21 107 | 21 009 | 21 107 | 21 009 | 21 107 | 21 009 | 21 107 | 21 009 |
| r2 | 0.232 | 0.254 | 0.060 | 0.069 | 0.170 | 0.193 | 0.206 | 0.240 |
Notes: Robust 95% confidence intervals are given in parentheses. *, ** and *** denote the significance levels, with mean significant at the level of 10%, 5% and 1%, respectively.
Impact of sanitary pad distribution on sanitary pads, LPNs, and cloth and hygienic methods usage
| . | Sanitary pad . | LPNs . | Cloth . | Hygienic methods . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Age 15–19 years . | Age 20–24 years . | Age 15–19 years . | Age 20–24 years . | Age 15–19 years . | Age 20–24 years . | Age 15–19 years . | Age 20–24 years . |
| Impact (Treat × Post) | 0.106 (0.046, 0.167) | 0.059 (0.004, 0.114) | 0.060 (0.006, 0.114) | 0.062 (0.011, 0.113) | −0.005 (−0.080, 0.071) | −0.016 (−0.088, 0.055) | 0.138 (0.087, 0.188) | 0.10 (0.048, 0.158) |
| Post | 0.160 (0.120, 0.199) | 0.198 (0.159, 0.238) | −0.059 (−0.089, –0.030) | −0.053 (−0.092, −0.014) | −0.136 (−0.202, –0.069) | −0.130 (−0.193, −0.067) | 0.101 (0.065, 0.136) | 0.142 (0.103, 0.180) |
| Age | −0.002 (−0.008, 0.004) | −0.006 (−0.012, 0.000) | 0.004 (−0.000, 0.008) | −0.001 (−0.005, 0.003) | −0.003 (−0.009, 0.003) | 0.003 (−0.002, 0.009) | 0.003 (−0.003, 0.009) | −0.005 (−0.010, 0.001) |
| Wealth index (ref.: poorest) | ||||||||
| Poorer | 0.099 (0.076, 0.122) | 0.086 (0.064, 0.108) | −0.010 (−0.027, 0.007) | −0.000 (−0.018, 0.017) | −0.053 (−0.080, −0.027) | −0.044 (−0.073, –0.015) | 0.086 (0.060, 0.113) | 0.080 (0.058, 0.102) |
| Middle | 0.164 (0.132, 0.195) | 0.175 (0.142, 0.208) | 0.004 (−0.021, 0.029) | 0.005 (−0.015, 0.025) | −0.142 (−0.180, −0.104) | −0.120 (−0.155, −0.086) | 0.161 (0.125, 0.197) | 0.178 (0.148, 0.209) |
| Richer | 0.254 (0.215, 0.293) | 0.221 (0.187, 0.256) | 0.024 (−0.011, 0.059) | 0.018 (−0.013, 0.048) | −0.238 (−0.284, –0.191) | −0.236 (−0.288, –0.183) | 0.270 (0.232, 0.308) | 0.243 (0.207, 0.279) |
| Richest | 0.277 (0.220, 0.335) | 0.286 (0.233, 0.339) | −0.017 (−0.072, 0.038) | −0.007 (−0.053, 0.039) | −0.316 (−0.392, −0.241) | −0.356 (−0.418, −0.293) | 0.262 (0.208, 0.316) | 0.290 (0.236, 0.345) |
| Caste (ref.: Scheduled Caste) | ||||||||
| Scheduled Tribe | 0.037 (−0.002, 0.076) | 0.025 (−0.008, 0.057) | 0.005 (−0.025, 0.035) | 0.013 (−0.014, 0.040) | −0.045 (−0.079, −0.011) | −0.038 (−0.078, 0.002) | 0.053 (0.018, 0.088) | 0.041 (0.007, 0.075) |
| OBC | 0.042 (0.003, 0.081) | 0.028 (−0.010, 0.067) | −0.021 (−0.055, 0.014) | −0.005 (−0.034, 0.023) | −0.017 (−0.051, 0.017) | −0.007 (−0.042, 0.028) | 0.023 (−0.013, 0.059) | 0.028 (−0.007, 0.063) |
| Upper caste | 0.040 (−0.006, 0.086) | 0.037 (−0.005, 0.080) | −0.037 (−0.073, −0.001) | −0.014 (−0.045, 0.017) | −0.008 (−0.049, 0.033) | −0.008 (−0.046, 0.030) | 0.024 (−0.018, 0.066) | 0.034 (−0.002, 0.069) |
| Don’t know caste | −0.015 (−0.149, 0.118) | 0.025 (−0.104, 0.153) | −0.014 (−0.086, 0.058) | −0.016 (−0.066, 0.033) | −0.009 (−0.157, 0.140) | −0.044 (−0.190, 0.102) | −0.022 (−0.157, 0.112) | 0.029 (−0.103, 0.160) |
| Education (ref.: no education) | ||||||||
| Primary | 0.044 (−0.004, 0.092) | 0.044 (0.001, 0.088) | −0.002 (−0.033, 0.028) | 0.009 (−0.015, 0.034) | −0.034 (−0.076, 0.007) | −0.009 (−0.042, 0.025) | 0.028 (−0.018, 0.074) | 0.055 (0.015, 0.095) |
| Secondary | 0.158 (0.108, 0.208) | 0.155 (0.120, 0.190) | 0.037 (0.008, 0.066) | 0.039 (0.017, 0.061) | −0.097 (−0.140, –0.054) | −0.074 (−0.101, −0.047) | 0.177 (0.124, 0.230) | 0.185 (0.150, 0.220) |
| Higher | 0.184 (0.117, 0.252) | 0.221 (0.171, 0.271) | 0.049 (−0.004, 0.103) | 0.064 (0.033, 0.095) | −0.200 (−0.276, –0.125) | −0.169 (−0.211, −0.127) | 0.215 (0.158, 0.271) | 0.261 (0.217, 0.304) |
| Media exposure | 0.096 (0.068, 0.125) | 0.089 (0.062, 0.115) | 0.039 (0.021, 0.058) | 0.026 (0.004, 0.048) | −0.046 | −0.048 (−0.071, –0.026) | 0.134 (0.108, 0.161) | 0.121 (0.094, 0.149) |
| (−0.071, –0.020) | ||||||||
| Marital home | −0.030 (−0.073, 0.013) | −0.029 (−0.065, 0.007) | 0.033 (−0.007, 0.073) | −0.011 (−0.035, 0.013) | 0.004 (−0.047, 0.054) | 0.005 (−0.034, 0.043) | 0.013 (−0.036, 0.062) | −0.037 (−0.070, −0.004) |
| Autonomy | 0.031 (−0.005, 0.068) | 0.011 (−0.017, 0.039) | −0.000 (−0.024, 0.024) | 0.008 (−0.017, 0.034) | 0.030 (−0.005, 0.065) | 0.007 (−0.020, 0.035) | 0.033 (0.002, 0.064) | 0.001 (−0.024, 0.027) |
| Married | −0.035 (−0.082, 0.012) | −0.052 (−0.086, −0.017) | −0.046 (−0.091, −0.002) | 0.012 (−0.016, 0.039) | 0.023 (−0.024, 0.071) | 0.011 (−0.031, 0.053) | −0.095 (−0.146, −0.043) | −0.042 (−0.077, −0.008) |
| Ovulatory knowledge | 0.054 (0.022, 0.086) | 0.039 (0.007, 0.070) | −0.010 (−0.039, 0.019) | −0.005 (−0.021, 0.010) | −0.004 (−0.044, 0.037) | 0.003 (−0.023, 0.029) | 0.055 (0.031, 0.080) | 0.036 (0.013, 0.058) |
| Menarche age | 0.027 (0.015, 0.039) | 0.025 (0.014, 0.035) | −0.017 (−0.029, −0.006) | −0.024 (−0.039, −0.010) | −0.008 (−0.020, 0.005) | 0.004 (−0.011, 0.019) | 0.012 (0.002, 0.023) | 0.000 (−0.010, 0.010) |
| Met worker | 0.018 (−0.016, 0.051) | −0.008 (−0.031, 0.015) | 0.010 (−0.014, 0.034) | 0.007 (−0.010, 0.024) | −0.031 (−0.074, 0.011) | 0.021 (−0.001, 0.044) | 0.038 (0.001, 0.074) | −0.001 (−0.023, 0.022) |
| Toilet type | 0.056 (0.018, 0.093) | −0.017 (−0.051, 0.016) | −0.018 | −0.006 (−0.035, 0.023) | −0.006 (−0.049, 0.038) | 0.018 (−0.019, 0.054) | 0.019 (−0.024, 0.063) | −0.039 (−0.077, −0.001) |
| (−0.048, 0.012) | ||||||||
| Constant | −0.249 (−0.450, −0.047) | −0.039 (−0.218, 0.140) | 0.244 (0.086, 0.402) | 0.394 (0.186, 0.601) | 1.122 (0.944, 1.300) | 0.800 (0.545, 1.056) | −0.018 (−0.211, 0.175) | 0.326 (0.154, 0.497) |
| Observations | 21 107 | 21 009 | 21 107 | 21 009 | 21 107 | 21 009 | 21 107 | 21 009 |
| r2 | 0.232 | 0.254 | 0.060 | 0.069 | 0.170 | 0.193 | 0.206 | 0.240 |
| . | Sanitary pad . | LPNs . | Cloth . | Hygienic methods . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Age 15–19 years . | Age 20–24 years . | Age 15–19 years . | Age 20–24 years . | Age 15–19 years . | Age 20–24 years . | Age 15–19 years . | Age 20–24 years . |
| Impact (Treat × Post) | 0.106 (0.046, 0.167) | 0.059 (0.004, 0.114) | 0.060 (0.006, 0.114) | 0.062 (0.011, 0.113) | −0.005 (−0.080, 0.071) | −0.016 (−0.088, 0.055) | 0.138 (0.087, 0.188) | 0.10 (0.048, 0.158) |
| Post | 0.160 (0.120, 0.199) | 0.198 (0.159, 0.238) | −0.059 (−0.089, –0.030) | −0.053 (−0.092, −0.014) | −0.136 (−0.202, –0.069) | −0.130 (−0.193, −0.067) | 0.101 (0.065, 0.136) | 0.142 (0.103, 0.180) |
| Age | −0.002 (−0.008, 0.004) | −0.006 (−0.012, 0.000) | 0.004 (−0.000, 0.008) | −0.001 (−0.005, 0.003) | −0.003 (−0.009, 0.003) | 0.003 (−0.002, 0.009) | 0.003 (−0.003, 0.009) | −0.005 (−0.010, 0.001) |
| Wealth index (ref.: poorest) | ||||||||
| Poorer | 0.099 (0.076, 0.122) | 0.086 (0.064, 0.108) | −0.010 (−0.027, 0.007) | −0.000 (−0.018, 0.017) | −0.053 (−0.080, −0.027) | −0.044 (−0.073, –0.015) | 0.086 (0.060, 0.113) | 0.080 (0.058, 0.102) |
| Middle | 0.164 (0.132, 0.195) | 0.175 (0.142, 0.208) | 0.004 (−0.021, 0.029) | 0.005 (−0.015, 0.025) | −0.142 (−0.180, −0.104) | −0.120 (−0.155, −0.086) | 0.161 (0.125, 0.197) | 0.178 (0.148, 0.209) |
| Richer | 0.254 (0.215, 0.293) | 0.221 (0.187, 0.256) | 0.024 (−0.011, 0.059) | 0.018 (−0.013, 0.048) | −0.238 (−0.284, –0.191) | −0.236 (−0.288, –0.183) | 0.270 (0.232, 0.308) | 0.243 (0.207, 0.279) |
| Richest | 0.277 (0.220, 0.335) | 0.286 (0.233, 0.339) | −0.017 (−0.072, 0.038) | −0.007 (−0.053, 0.039) | −0.316 (−0.392, −0.241) | −0.356 (−0.418, −0.293) | 0.262 (0.208, 0.316) | 0.290 (0.236, 0.345) |
| Caste (ref.: Scheduled Caste) | ||||||||
| Scheduled Tribe | 0.037 (−0.002, 0.076) | 0.025 (−0.008, 0.057) | 0.005 (−0.025, 0.035) | 0.013 (−0.014, 0.040) | −0.045 (−0.079, −0.011) | −0.038 (−0.078, 0.002) | 0.053 (0.018, 0.088) | 0.041 (0.007, 0.075) |
| OBC | 0.042 (0.003, 0.081) | 0.028 (−0.010, 0.067) | −0.021 (−0.055, 0.014) | −0.005 (−0.034, 0.023) | −0.017 (−0.051, 0.017) | −0.007 (−0.042, 0.028) | 0.023 (−0.013, 0.059) | 0.028 (−0.007, 0.063) |
| Upper caste | 0.040 (−0.006, 0.086) | 0.037 (−0.005, 0.080) | −0.037 (−0.073, −0.001) | −0.014 (−0.045, 0.017) | −0.008 (−0.049, 0.033) | −0.008 (−0.046, 0.030) | 0.024 (−0.018, 0.066) | 0.034 (−0.002, 0.069) |
| Don’t know caste | −0.015 (−0.149, 0.118) | 0.025 (−0.104, 0.153) | −0.014 (−0.086, 0.058) | −0.016 (−0.066, 0.033) | −0.009 (−0.157, 0.140) | −0.044 (−0.190, 0.102) | −0.022 (−0.157, 0.112) | 0.029 (−0.103, 0.160) |
| Education (ref.: no education) | ||||||||
| Primary | 0.044 (−0.004, 0.092) | 0.044 (0.001, 0.088) | −0.002 (−0.033, 0.028) | 0.009 (−0.015, 0.034) | −0.034 (−0.076, 0.007) | −0.009 (−0.042, 0.025) | 0.028 (−0.018, 0.074) | 0.055 (0.015, 0.095) |
| Secondary | 0.158 (0.108, 0.208) | 0.155 (0.120, 0.190) | 0.037 (0.008, 0.066) | 0.039 (0.017, 0.061) | −0.097 (−0.140, –0.054) | −0.074 (−0.101, −0.047) | 0.177 (0.124, 0.230) | 0.185 (0.150, 0.220) |
| Higher | 0.184 (0.117, 0.252) | 0.221 (0.171, 0.271) | 0.049 (−0.004, 0.103) | 0.064 (0.033, 0.095) | −0.200 (−0.276, –0.125) | −0.169 (−0.211, −0.127) | 0.215 (0.158, 0.271) | 0.261 (0.217, 0.304) |
| Media exposure | 0.096 (0.068, 0.125) | 0.089 (0.062, 0.115) | 0.039 (0.021, 0.058) | 0.026 (0.004, 0.048) | −0.046 | −0.048 (−0.071, –0.026) | 0.134 (0.108, 0.161) | 0.121 (0.094, 0.149) |
| (−0.071, –0.020) | ||||||||
| Marital home | −0.030 (−0.073, 0.013) | −0.029 (−0.065, 0.007) | 0.033 (−0.007, 0.073) | −0.011 (−0.035, 0.013) | 0.004 (−0.047, 0.054) | 0.005 (−0.034, 0.043) | 0.013 (−0.036, 0.062) | −0.037 (−0.070, −0.004) |
| Autonomy | 0.031 (−0.005, 0.068) | 0.011 (−0.017, 0.039) | −0.000 (−0.024, 0.024) | 0.008 (−0.017, 0.034) | 0.030 (−0.005, 0.065) | 0.007 (−0.020, 0.035) | 0.033 (0.002, 0.064) | 0.001 (−0.024, 0.027) |
| Married | −0.035 (−0.082, 0.012) | −0.052 (−0.086, −0.017) | −0.046 (−0.091, −0.002) | 0.012 (−0.016, 0.039) | 0.023 (−0.024, 0.071) | 0.011 (−0.031, 0.053) | −0.095 (−0.146, −0.043) | −0.042 (−0.077, −0.008) |
| Ovulatory knowledge | 0.054 (0.022, 0.086) | 0.039 (0.007, 0.070) | −0.010 (−0.039, 0.019) | −0.005 (−0.021, 0.010) | −0.004 (−0.044, 0.037) | 0.003 (−0.023, 0.029) | 0.055 (0.031, 0.080) | 0.036 (0.013, 0.058) |
| Menarche age | 0.027 (0.015, 0.039) | 0.025 (0.014, 0.035) | −0.017 (−0.029, −0.006) | −0.024 (−0.039, −0.010) | −0.008 (−0.020, 0.005) | 0.004 (−0.011, 0.019) | 0.012 (0.002, 0.023) | 0.000 (−0.010, 0.010) |
| Met worker | 0.018 (−0.016, 0.051) | −0.008 (−0.031, 0.015) | 0.010 (−0.014, 0.034) | 0.007 (−0.010, 0.024) | −0.031 (−0.074, 0.011) | 0.021 (−0.001, 0.044) | 0.038 (0.001, 0.074) | −0.001 (−0.023, 0.022) |
| Toilet type | 0.056 (0.018, 0.093) | −0.017 (−0.051, 0.016) | −0.018 | −0.006 (−0.035, 0.023) | −0.006 (−0.049, 0.038) | 0.018 (−0.019, 0.054) | 0.019 (−0.024, 0.063) | −0.039 (−0.077, −0.001) |
| (−0.048, 0.012) | ||||||||
| Constant | −0.249 (−0.450, −0.047) | −0.039 (−0.218, 0.140) | 0.244 (0.086, 0.402) | 0.394 (0.186, 0.601) | 1.122 (0.944, 1.300) | 0.800 (0.545, 1.056) | −0.018 (−0.211, 0.175) | 0.326 (0.154, 0.497) |
| Observations | 21 107 | 21 009 | 21 107 | 21 009 | 21 107 | 21 009 | 21 107 | 21 009 |
| r2 | 0.232 | 0.254 | 0.060 | 0.069 | 0.170 | 0.193 | 0.206 | 0.240 |
Notes: Robust 95% confidence intervals are given in parentheses. *, ** and *** denote the significance levels, with mean significant at the level of 10%, 5% and 1%, respectively.
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